Dustin Whittle - Performance Testing Crash Course - code.talks 2015
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Dustin Whittle provides a performance testing crash course covering why performance matters, how to understand baseline performance, common performance testing tools like Apache Bench, Siege, and Bees with Machine Guns for load testing, and best practices for treating performance as a key feature throughout development and production. Key aspects include instrumenting all aspects of an application, automating performance testing, and monitoring performance both on the client and server sides.
![Benchmarking acmedemoapp.com (be patient)
Finished 187 requests
Server Software: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Server Hostname: acmedemoapp.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 5217 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1
Time taken for tests: 10.039 seconds
Complete requests: 187
Failed requests: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 187
Total transferred: 1021768 bytes
HTML transferred: 975579 bytes
Requests per second: 18.63 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 53.687 [ms] (mean)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-16-320.jpg)
![Benchmarking acmedemoapp.com (be patient)
Finished 659 requests
Server Software: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Server Hostname: acmedemoapp.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 5217 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 10.015 seconds
Complete requests: 659
Failed requests: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 659
Total transferred: 3600776 bytes
HTML transferred: 3438003 bytes
Requests per second: 65.80 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 151.970 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 15.197 [ms] (mean, across all](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-18-320.jpg)
![import mechanize
import time
class Transaction(object):
def run(self):
br = mechanize.Browser()
br.set_handle_robots(False)
start_timer = time.time()
resp = br.open(‘http://acmedemoapp.com/)
resp.read()
latency = time.time() - start_timer
self.custom_timers['homepage'] = latency
start_timer = time.time()
resp = br.open(‘http://acmedemoapp.com/cart')
resp.read()
latency = time.time() - start_timer
self.custom_timers['cart'] = latency
assert (resp.code == 200)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-35-320.jpg)
![# ~/.boto
[Credentials]
aws_access_key_id=xxx
aws_secret_access_key=xxx
[Boto]
ec2_region_name = us-west-2
ec2_region_endpoint = ec2.us-west-2.amazonaws.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-43-320.jpg)
![Read 2 bees from the roster.
Connecting to the hive.
Assembling bees.
Each of 2 bees will fire 500 rounds, 25 at a time.
Stinging URL so it will be cached for the attack.
Organizing the swarm.
…
Offensive complete.
Complete requests: 1000
Requests per second: 306.540000 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 163.112000 [ms] (mean)
50% response time: 151.000000 [ms] (mean)
90% response time: 192.000000 [ms] (mean)
Mission Assessment: Target crushed bee offensive.
The swarm is awaiting new orders.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-49-320.jpg)
![Read 2 bees from the roster.
Connecting to the hive.
Assembling bees.
Each of 2 bees will fire 50000 rounds, 500 at a time.
Stinging URL so it will be cached for the attack.
Organizing the swarm.
…
Offensive complete.
Complete requests: 100000
Requests per second: 502.420000 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 360.114000 [ms] (mean)
50% response time: 451.000000 [ms] (mean)
90% response time: 402.000000 [ms] (mean)
Mission Assessment: Target crushed bee offensive.
The swarm is awaiting new orders.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/performancetestingcrashcourse-150930122538-lva1-app6891/85/Dustin-Whittle-Performance-Testing-Crash-Course-code-talks-2015-51-320.jpg)
Dustin Whittle - Performance Testing Crash Course - code.talks 2015
- 2. Dus-n Whi5le • dus-nwhi5le.com • @dus-nwhi5le • San Francisco, California, USA • Technologist, Traveler, Pilot, Skier, Diver, Sailor, Golfer
- 7. How fast is fast enough? § Performance is key to a great user experience - Under 100ms is perceived as reac$ng instantaneously - A 100ms to 300ms delay is percep$ble - 1 second is about the limit for the user's flow of thought to stay uninterrupted - Users expect a site to load in 2 seconds - AMer 3 seconds, 40% will abandon your site. - 10 seconds is about the limit for keeping the user's a*en$on § Modern applica-ons spend more -me in the browser than on the server-side
- 8. Login Flight Status Search Flight Purchase Mobile Big data SOA NOSQL Cloud Agile Web Application complexity is exploding
- 14. Apache Bench
- 15. ab -c 1 -t 10 -k http://acmedemoapp.com/
- 16. Benchmarking acmedemoapp.com (be patient) Finished 187 requests Server Software: Apache-Coyote/1.1 Server Hostname: acmedemoapp.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 5217 bytes Concurrency Level: 1 Time taken for tests: 10.039 seconds Complete requests: 187 Failed requests: 0 Keep-Alive requests: 187 Total transferred: 1021768 bytes HTML transferred: 975579 bytes Requests per second: 18.63 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 53.687 [ms] (mean)
- 17. ab -c 10 -t 10 -k http://acmedemoapp.com/
- 18. Benchmarking acmedemoapp.com (be patient) Finished 659 requests Server Software: Apache-Coyote/1.1 Server Hostname: acmedemoapp.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 5217 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 10.015 seconds Complete requests: 659 Failed requests: 0 Keep-Alive requests: 659 Total transferred: 3600776 bytes HTML transferred: 3438003 bytes Requests per second: 65.80 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 151.970 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 15.197 [ms] (mean, across all
- 19. Siege
- 20. siege -c 10 -b -t 10S http://acmedemoapp.com/
- 21. ** SIEGE 3.0.6 ** Preparing 10 concurrent users for battle. The server is now under siege... Lifting the server siege... done. Transactions: 623 hits Availability: 100.00 % Elapsed time: 9.57 secs Data transferred: 3.10 MB Response time: 0.15 secs Transaction rate: 65.10 trans/sec Throughput: 0.32 MB/sec Concurrency: 9.91 Successful transactions: 623 Failed transactions: 0 Longest transaction: 0.30 Shortest transaction: 0.10
- 22. Crawl the entire app to discover all urls
- 24. SPROXY v1.02 listening on port 9001 ...appending HTTP requests to: ./urls.txt ...default connection timeout: 120 seconds
- 25. wget -r -l 0 -t 1 --spider -w 1 -e "http_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:9001" "http://acmedemoapp.com/" sort -u -o urls.txt urls.txt
- 27. Benchmark traffic across all unique urls with siege
- 28. siege -v -c 50 -i -t 3M -f urls.txt -d 10
- 29. ** SIEGE 3.0.6 ** Preparing 10 concurrent users for battle. The server is now under siege... Lifting the server siege... done. Transactions: 623 hits Availability: 100.00 % Elapsed time: 9.57 secs Data transferred: 3.10 MB Response time: 0.15 secs Transaction rate: 65.10 trans/sec Throughput: 0.32 MB/sec Concurrency: 9.91 Successful transactions: 623 Failed transactions: 0 Longest transaction: 0.30 Shortest transaction: 0.10
- 31. Multi-Mechanize is an open source framework for performance and load testing
- 34. import requests class Transaction(object): def run(self): r = requests.get(‘http://acmedemoapp.com/) r.raw.read()
- 35. import mechanize import time class Transaction(object): def run(self): br = mechanize.Browser() br.set_handle_robots(False) start_timer = time.time() resp = br.open(‘http://acmedemoapp.com/) resp.read() latency = time.time() - start_timer self.custom_timers['homepage'] = latency start_timer = time.time() resp = br.open(‘http://acmedemoapp.com/cart') resp.read() latency = time.time() - start_timer self.custom_timers['cart'] = latency assert (resp.code == 200)
- 38. What about when you need more than one machine?
- 39. Who lives in the cloud?
- 41. A utility for arming (creating) many bees (micro EC2 instances) to attack (load test) targets (web applications)
- 43. # ~/.boto [Credentials] aws_access_key_id=xxx aws_secret_access_key=xxx [Boto] ec2_region_name = us-west-2 ec2_region_endpoint = ec2.us-west-2.amazonaws.com
- 44. bees up -s 2 -g default -z us-west-2b -i ami-bc05898c -k appdynamics- dustinwhittle-aws-us-west-2 -l ec2-user
- 45. Connecting to the hive. Attempting to call up 2 bees. Waiting for bees to load their machine guns... . . . . Bee i-3828400c is ready for the attack. Bee i-3928400d is ready for the attack. The swarm has assembled 2 bees.
- 46. bees report
- 47. Read 2 bees from the roster. Bee i-3828400c: running @ 54.212.22.176 Bee i-3928400d: running @ 50.112.6.191
- 48. bees attack -n 1000 -c 50 -u http://acmedemoapp.com/
- 49. Read 2 bees from the roster. Connecting to the hive. Assembling bees. Each of 2 bees will fire 500 rounds, 25 at a time. Stinging URL so it will be cached for the attack. Organizing the swarm. … Offensive complete. Complete requests: 1000 Requests per second: 306.540000 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 163.112000 [ms] (mean) 50% response time: 151.000000 [ms] (mean) 90% response time: 192.000000 [ms] (mean) Mission Assessment: Target crushed bee offensive. The swarm is awaiting new orders.
- 50. bees attack -n 100000 -c 1000 -u http://acmedemoapp.com/
- 51. Read 2 bees from the roster. Connecting to the hive. Assembling bees. Each of 2 bees will fire 50000 rounds, 500 at a time. Stinging URL so it will be cached for the attack. Organizing the swarm. … Offensive complete. Complete requests: 100000 Requests per second: 502.420000 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 360.114000 [ms] (mean) 50% response time: 451.000000 [ms] (mean) 90% response time: 402.000000 [ms] (mean) Mission Assessment: Target crushed bee offensive. The swarm is awaiting new orders.
- 52. Read 2 bees from the roster. Connecting to the hive. Assembling bees. Each of 2 bees will fire 50000 rounds, 500 at a time. Stinging URL so it will be cached for the attack. Organizing the swarm. Bee 0 is joining the swarm. Bee 1 is joining the swarm. Bee 0 is firing his machine gun. Bang bang! Bee 0 lost sight of the target (connection timed out). Bee 1 lost sight of the target (connection timed out). Offensive complete. Target timed out without fully responding to 2 bees. No bees completed the mission. Apparently your bees are peace-loving hippies. The swarm is awaiting new orders.
- 53. bees down
- 54. Read 2 bees from the roster. Connecting to the hive. Calling off the swarm. Stood down 2 bees.
- 60. There are many tools… •Gatling.io •Wrk •Vegeta •Tsung •…
- 61. What about the client side?
- 62. In modern web applications more latency comes from the client-side than the server-side.
- 67. npm install psi
- 69. WBench
- 78. Instrument everything = code, databases, caches, queues, third party services, and infrastructure.
- 80. Statsd + Graphite + Grafana
- 82. Track performance of end users
- 83. webpagetest.org
- 87. SiteSpeed.io
- 100. Test for failures • NetFlix Simian Army + Chaos Monkey • What happens if you lose a caching layer? • What happens if dependencies slow down?
- 101. Performance Ma*ers • Treat performance as a feature • Using the 14kb Rule for instant loading • Markup management • Elimina$ng excess AJAX calls • Working with and around applica$on cache • Developing a responsive design + image strategy • Implemen$ng a good touch-first strategy • Code management for good produc$on and development experiences • Using task runners to build and deploy produc$on code
- 102. Best Prac$ces • Treat performance as a feature • Capacity plan and load test the server-side • Op-mize and performance test the client-side • Understand your star-ng point • Instrument everything • Monitor performance in development and produc-on • Measure the difference of every change • Automate performance tes-ng in your build and deployment process • Understand how failures impact performance
- 103. The protocols are evolving • The limita$ons of HTTP/1.X forced us to develop various applica$on workarounds (sharding, concatena$on, spri$ng, inlining, etc.) to op$mize performance. However, in the process we’ve also introduced numerous regressions: poor caching, unnecessary downloads, delayed execu$on, and more. • HTTP/2 eliminates the need for these hacks and allows us to both simplify our applica$ons and deliver improved performance. • You should unshard, unconcat, and unsprite your assets • You should switch from inlining to server push • Read Ilya Grigorik awesome book on browser performance - h*p://hpbn.co/ h*p2
- 104. Integrate automated performance tes-ng into con-nuous integra-on for server-side and client-side
- 107. Ques-ons?