E learning history and theory
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This document discusses the history and theory of e-learning. It outlines several key developments in e-learning from the 1920s to present day, including Pressey's testing machine in the 1920s, Skinner's work on programmed instruction in the 1950s, McLuhan's ideas about media in the 1960s, and predictions of future home-based learning using computers in the 1970s. It then describes how computers first entered schools in the 1960s-1970s and the development of the internet from the 1960s onward. Finally, it outlines several learning theories that influenced e-learning, from behaviorism to constructivism to communal constructivism.
E learning history and theory
- 1. E-Learning History and Theory Stamma – MAEng1896
- 2. E-Learning was an accident? Futurologist vision: 1920 • Pressey’s testing machine • Programmed Instruction • Inspired by Thorndike 1958 • Skinner box • Behavioral objectives • Drill and Practices
- 3. Cont … 1964 • McLuhan: the medium is the message • Impact of electronic media: “personal services of a tutor as well informed as Aristotle” 1970 • Tofler: future shock • Future school: at home, with vast libraries of data available via computerized information systems
- 4. Cont … 1979 • Christopher Evans: the future ease and freedom of the e-communication • School-based to computer-based education at home 1983 • Stonier: information and education must be harnessed together • Echoed home-based education – global library archives
- 5. How did we get where we are today? 1960’s • 1st computer in school • NCET 1970’s • PARC • 1st Microcomputer ALTAIR 1980-90’s • Computer at schools • MEP • HCI
- 6. THE INTERNET • Internet started in 1969 (ARPANET) • 1990: URL, HTML & HTTP • 1997: WWW
- 8. e-Learning • ICT is only an add-on and tools for education? • Learning with, not about ICT. • Motivating and facilitating broader learning experiences • e-Learning concepts emerges from: education, computer science and psychology
- 10. Behaviorism Pavlov’s dog Skinner’s box Thorndike’s cat Watson
- 11. Behaviorism in e-Learning • Certain stimuli will produce specific reactions • Drill and Practices, and tutorials • Learner fails, put in the tutorial pace again, repeating task or extension. • Leaner succeed, rewarded by congratulatory feedback, progress to the next stage.
- 13. Cognitivism
- 14. Cognitivism • Vigotsky Zone of Proximal Development
- 15. Cognitivism in e-Learning • DIY Tutorials • Problem Solving games • Webquest
- 17. Socio-Constructivism • Social • Reflective • Authentic • Scaffolded • Progressive • Experiental
- 19. e-Learning Theory: From Behaviorism to Comm. Constructivism
- 20. THANK YOU