EAPP Q1 L1_Notes on Academic Text Discussion

NOTES ON
ACADEMIC TEXT
DISCUSSION
Presented By : Leah Lunday-Condina
Boljoon National High School | EAPP 12

Colloquialisms are informal expressions or phrases
that are commonly used in everyday spoken language but
are typically considered inappropriate in formal writing,
such as academic texts. These expressions can vary
widely depending on the region, culture, or social group
and often include slang, idioms, and contractions.
COLLOQUIALISM 1

EXAMPLES OF COLLOQUIALISMS:
1."Gonna" instead of "going to":
Colloquial: "I'm gonna go to the store."
Formal: "I am going to go to the store."
2. "Wanna" instead of "want to":
Colloquial: "Do you wanna hang out?"
Formal: "Do you want to spend time together?"
2

3
3. "Y'all" instead of "you all" or "everyone":
Colloquial: "Y'all coming to the party?"
Formal: "Is everyone coming to the party?"
4. "Kinda" instead of "kind of":
Colloquial: "I'm kinda tired."
Formal: "I am kind of tired."

4
5. "Cool" as a general expression of approval:
Colloquial: "That's cool!"
Formal: "That is impressive."
6. "Hang out" instead of "spend time":
Colloquial: "Let's hang out later."
Formal: "Let us spend time together later."

Slang refers to informal, often unconventional words or
phrases that emerge within specific groups, subcultures, or
communities. These expressions are usually considered non-
standard and are often used to convey a sense of familiarity,
belonging, or identity within a group. Slang can be playful,
humorous, or even vulgar, and it evolves quickly, sometimes
going out of fashion as rapidly as it comes into use.
SLANG 1

EXAMPLES OF SLANG:
1. "Lit":
Meaning: Exciting or excellent.
Example: "That party was lit!"
2. "GOAT":
Meaning: Greatest of All Time.
Example: "Michael Jordan is the GOAT of basketball."
2

3. "Salty":
Meaning: Upset or bitter about something.
Example: "She got salty when she lost the game."
4. "Flex":
Meaning: To show off.
Example: "He's always flexing his new car."
2

5. "Ghost":
Meaning: To suddenly cut off all communication with
someone.
Example: "He just ghosted me after our third date."
6. "Epic fail":
Meaning: A complete and embarrassing failure.
Example: "Trying to cook for the first time was an epic fail."
2

Idioms are phrases or expressions whose meanings
cannot be understood from the literal meanings of the
individual words. Instead, idioms have figurative meanings
that are widely recognized by native speakers of a
language. Idioms add color and expressiveness to the
language, making communication more vivid and
interesting.
IDIOMS
1

EXAMPLES OF IDIOMS:
1. "Break the ice":
Meaning: To initiate conversation in a social setting, especially
to overcome initial awkwardness.
Example: "He told a joke to break the ice at the beginning of
the meeting."
2. "Bite the bullet":
Meaning: To face a difficult situation with courage.
Example: "I decided to bite the bullet and finish the project
ahead of the deadline."
2

3. "Piece of cake":
Meaning: Something very easy to do.
Example: "The test was a piece of cake; I finished it in 10
minutes."
4."Let the cat out of the bag":
Meaning: To reveal a secret unintentionally.
Example: "She let the cat out of the bag about the surprise
party."
2

5. "Under the weather":
Meaning: Feeling ill.
Example: "I'm feeling a bit under the weather today, so I'm
going to stay home."
6. "Cost an arm and a leg":
Meaning: Very expensive.
Example: "That new bag costs an arm and a leg."
2

Contractions are shortened forms of words or
combinations of words created by omitting certain letters
and sounds. In written English, contractions typically
involve an apostrophe to indicate where the letters have
been omitted. They are commonly used in informal writing
and speech to make language more concise and
conversational.
CONTRACTIONS 1

EXAMPLES OF CONTRACTIONS:
1. "I'll" (I will) and "you're" (you are):
Without Contractions:
"I will finish my homework tonight, and you are going to review
your notes for the test tomorrow."
With Contractions:
"I'll finish my homework tonight, and you're going to review your
notes for the test tomorrow."
2

2. "They've" (they have) and "can't" (cannot):
"They have been practicing hard for the competition, but they
cannot participate if it rains."
With Contractions:
"They've been practicing hard for the competition, but they can't
participate if it rains."
2

3. "Wouldn't" (would not) and "you'd" (you would):
"You would not believe how easy it is to understand the concept
once you have studied the examples."
With Contractions:
"You wouldn't believe how easy it is to understand the concept
once you've studied the examples."
2

4. "I've" (I have) and "couldn't" (could not):
"I have completed the project, but I could not have done it
without your help."
With Contractions:
" I've completed the project, but I couldn't have done it without
your help."
2

REFERENCES:
• Swan, M. (2005). Practical English Usage (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
• Trask, R. L. (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. Routledge.
• Green, J. (2015). The Vulgar Tongue: Green's History of Slang. Oxford
University Press.
• Dalzell, T. (2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and
Unconventional English (2nd ed.). Routledge.
• McCarthy, M., & O'Dell, F. (2010). English Idioms in Use (Advanced). Cambridge
University Press.
• Spears, R. A. (2000). NTC's Dictionary of Everyday American English
Expressions. McGraw-Hill.
• Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English
Language. Cambridge University Press.
• Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive
Grammar of the English Language. Longman.

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