Eco202 final revision
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The document discusses several topics related to population growth and development. It notes that world population is projected to reach 8.3 billion by 2025 and 10 billion by 2050. It also discusses Malthus' theory of population growth, the stages of demographic transition, problems associated with rapid population growth, human capital formation, types of agriculture, water usage and stress factors, forest products, mineral resource development stages, and the relationship between income and environmental degradation.
Eco202 final revision
- 1. Chapter 3 Numbers of population growth : World population is expected to reach 8.3 billion by 2025 and 10 billion by 2050 Why the population growth are not the main problem ? This view point argues that the main problem facing the world is not population grows, but such as : 1- The unequal distribution of world resource 2- The unequal population distribution 3- Lack of development strategies Malthus Theory or Malthus Trap : Malthus argued that population world grow at a geometric rate (e.g. , 1 , 2 , 4 , …) due mainly to a lack of conscious restrains on fertility. Meanwhile, food would grow at an arithmetic rate (e.g., 1 , 2 , 3 , …) It dose not take into account the role and impact of technological Explain the stage of demographic transition : 1) The preindustrial stage : both high death and high birth rates. EX: very poor country 2) The transitional stage : resulting in lowered death rates, but birth rates remain high. Ex: development country
- 2. 3) the industrial stage : when the birth rate drops due to modernization 4) the postindustrial stage : below zero population growth What are the problem of population growth ? Economic problem associated with rapid population growth : 1) Insufficient food production 2) Growing poverty in LDCs 3) Low level of per capita income 4) Unemployment Chapter 5 Human Capital : Human capital refers to knowledge, skills, ability and capacity possessed by people Human Capital requirement include : A) Tangible human capital aspect : include : strength, energy, as well as eyesight and hearing B) Intangible human characteristics include : Creativity, innovativeness, problem-solving and leadership Major element of human capital formation depend on : 1) Nutrition 2) Health 3) Education Chapter 6 Major types of settled farming system : A) Small subsistence family farms B) Larger Commercial family farms C) Corporate farms
- 3. D) State farms E) Group farms Agriculture in the developing/develop world Characteristics of developing/develop countries agriculture: A) Low/high labor productivity B) Small/large family farms C) Limited/unlimited commercialization Chapter 8 Major uses of fresh water “demand of water” Why we use water ? 1- Agriculture uses 2- Industrial uses 3- Household uses 4- Recreational uses 5- Environmental uses The factors of water stress : 1- Population growth 2- Increased wealth 3- Expansion of business activity 4- Rapid urbanization 5- Climate change Chapter 9 Forest product : A forest product is any material derived from a forest for commercial use, such as lumber, paper, or hunt for livestock. Wood is considered the main commercial forest product.
- 4. Chapter 10 Stage mineral resources development : A) Exploitation stage B) Extraction stage C) Processing stage D) Manufacturing stage E) Marketing stage Chapter 14 The meaning of sustainable development : In other words, a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generation to come. Basic elements of sustainable development : 1) The economic element 2) Environmental element 3) Social element The relationship between per capita income and environmental degradation :
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