ECOSYSTEM.pptx science class 4 to std 12
- 1. Name: Khushi S Mishra Class: bsc microbiology sem 3 Enrollment number: 230202117014 Subject: basic microbiological principle Topic: ecosystem structure and function Date: 11/11/2024
- 3. ECOSYSTEM • The term ecosystem was first coined by A.G.Tansely. • Ecosystem consists of two Words : Ecosystem Eco Environment System Interaction
- 4. Definition • Ecology is the study of interactions among organism or group of organisms with their environment. The environment consists of both biotic components (living organisms) and abiotic components (non – living organisms). • e.g. Grassland, Forest, Aquarium, Pond, Lake, River and Ocean. Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem Ocean Ecosystem
- 5. Components of an Ecosystem • Abiotic components- (geographical, climatic physicochemical characteristics) Biotic components-(Plants, animals, microbes)
- 6. Structure of Ecosystem Ecosystem Abiotic non-living Eg. soil, water, light, inorganic nutrients and weather Biotic living Eg. producers and consumers
- 7. Biotic Components • The biotic components of ecosystem can be grouped into three categories: Biotic components of Ecosystem Producers Consumers Decomposers
- 8. Producers are • Producers get their food and energy from the sun. (Plants and some bacteria) • Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food photosynthetically or by chemical synthesis
- 9. Consumers • The consumers are animals that obtain their energy and protein directly by grazing,feeding on other animals or both
- 10. Types of consumers are • There are FOUR types of Consumers Carnivores Herbivores Omnivores. Scavengers • Carnivores only eat meat (other animals)
- 11. Herbivores eat only plants Omnivores eat both meat (animals) and plants Decomposers Decomposers eat dead things and turn them back into dirt, or soil. The decomposers/recyclers are fungi and bacteria that decompose the organic matter of producers and consumers into inorganic substances that can be reused as food by the producers.so decomposers are also called recyclers of the biosphere
- 12. Energy Flow through the Ecosystem • All organisms require energy,for growth, maintenance, reproduction, locomotion, etc. • The flow of energy is the most important factor that controls what kind of organisms live in an ecosystem and how many organisms the ecosystem can support.
- 13. Energy and Nutrient flow through Ecosystem
- 14. • Energy flows through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds. • When respiration occurs,the carbon carbon bonds are broken • The carbon is combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.This process releases the energy • It is either used by the organism or the energy may be lost as heat • Inorganic nutrients include the phosphorous in our teeth,bones and cellular membranes,the nitrogen in our aminoacids and the iron in our blood • Inorganic nutrients are passed from organism to organism as one organism is consumed by another • Atlast all organisms die and become detritus,food for the decomposers.At this stage the last of the energy is extracted and inorganic nutrients are returned to the soil or water to be taken up again
- 15. What is Food Chain? • Flow of energy in an ecosystem is one way process. The sequence of organism through which the energy flows, is known as food chain.
- 16. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT FOOD CHAINS • In a food chain each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below. • Plants are called producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis • Animals are consumers because they cannot create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need.
- 17. Tropic levels in a food chain Producers Consumers (i) Primary consumers (ii) Secondary consumers (iii) Tertiary consumers (iv) Quaternary consumers Decomposers
- 18. Different food webs • Soil food web • Aquatic food web • Food web in forest • Food web of grassland • Food web in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem
- 20. Aquatic Food Web
- 21. Food Web in Forest
- 23. Food web in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem
- 24. Significance of Food Web • Food webs distinguish levels of producers and consumers by identifying and defining the importance of animal relationships and food sources, beginning with primary producers such as plants, insects and herbivores. • Food webs are important tools in understanding that plants are the foundation of all ecosystems and food chains, sustaining life by providing nourishment and oxygen needed for survival and reproduction. • The food web provide stability to the ecosystem.
- 25. Thank You