Educational Technology 1 Technology in Education

al Technology 1by:PROF.ALLAN SANCHEZTIEMPO,MAEM

In two minutes, write down
anything that comes to your
mind when you hear the phrase
educational technology.
( Choose a leader in each group
to write them on the board and
present to the class) .

Concepts
“technology”
Greek word “techne”
which means craft or art.
Based on the etymology of the word “technology”,
the term , therefore refers to
the art or craft of responding to our educational
needs.

Many people think that technology
refers only to the machines such as
computers, tv, videos, and the like. All
these form part of technology but
educational technology is all these
and more! Technology is not just
machines.

It is a “planned, systematic
method of working to achieve
planned outcomes – a
process not a product.
Technology is the applied side
of scientific development.”
Dale, 1969)

overhead projector Smart board

Technology also refers to any valid and
reliable process or procedure that is
derived from basic research using the
scientific method.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org)
wiki/Educational technology#
Perspectives_andmeaning)

Technology refers to “all the ways
people use their inventions and
discoveries to satisfy their needs
and desires.” The world Book
Encyclopedia, Vol 19)

So,
refers to how people use
their inventions and
discoveries to satisfy their
needs and desires,
i.e. learning.

“It is the study and ethical practice
of facilitating learning and improving
performance by creating, using and
managing appropriate technological
processes and resources. “ - by: Association
for Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT)
Definition and Terminology Committee

is profession like teaching. It is
made up of organized effort to
implement the theory, intellectual
technique, and practical
application of educational
technology. (David H. Jonassen, et al
1999).

From the definitions of educational technology
given above, we can say that educational
technology is a very broad term. It is the
application of scientific findings in our method,
process or procedure of working in the field of
education in order to effect learning. It embraces
curriculum and instructional design, learning
environment, theories of teaching – learning. It is
also a field study and a profession. It is the use of
all human inventions for teachers to realize their
mission to teach in order that students learn.

Other terms that are associatedwith educational technology:
technology in education;
instructional technology;
 technology integration; and
 educational media.

Technology in education is the “application of
technology to any of those processes
involved in operating the institutions
which house the educational enterprise. It
includes the application of technology to
food, health, finance, scheduling, grade,
reporting, and other processes which
support education within institutions.”
(David H. Jonassen, et al, 1999).

Instructional technology is a part of educational
technology. Instructional technology refers to
those aspects of educational technology that
“are concerned with instruction as contrasted
to designs and operations of educational
institutions. Instructional technology is a
systematic way of designing, carrying out, and
evaluating the total process of learning and
teaching in terms of specific objectives.” (Lucido
and Borabo, 1997)

Technology integration means using “learning
technologies to introduce, reinforce,
supplement and extend skills.” (Williams,
ed. 2000)Like instructional technology, it is
part of educational technology.
Technology integration is part and parcel
of instructional technology, which in turn
is a part of educational technology.

Educational media are channels or
avenues or instruments of
communication. Examples are books,
magazines newspapers, radio,
television, computer, cellphone and
internet. These media also serve
educational purposes.

• History brought about a process of trial
and error, imitation, individual
creativity, and persuasion leading to
what we know today as educational
technology. To trace its history, we can
identify the following developments:

A. In ancient Greece, the elder sophists
used the term “techne” to refer to
the process of applying knowledge
systematically to the practical art of
instruction. They formulated
cognitive rules, systematically
analyzed subject matter designed
instructional technologies and
devised effective instructional
materials.

B. During the Middle Age Advent of
Scholastic Philosophy, Pierre
Abelard introduced a technology
of instruction which was really a
new method of structuring and
presenting materials that helped
set the style of scholastic
education.

C. Comenius, Pestalozzi,
Froebel, Herbart, and
Montessori contributed
their own concepts on
educational technology
improving on the
educative process.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi is widely considered the pioneer of early
childhood education. His teaching philosophy, which he first proposed in the 1770s, was
based on the principle that children were naturally good and that education should nurture
and preserve this innate innocence. Pestalozzi established several schools for poor and
orphaned children in Switzerland.

D. Johann Amos Comenius was
recognized as the pioneer of
modern instructional technology
by reason of his book Orbis Pictus
(The World in Picture) which was
an illustrated textbook for
children studying Latin and
Sciences.

Asteroid Collision with Earth
Many scientists believe that a large asteroid or comet struck Earth about 65 million years ago, changing the
Earth’s climate enough to kill off the dinosaurs.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

E. Edward Thorndike and John Dewey
formulated the scientific theory of
learning and the scientific method,
respectively. Thorndike gave emphasis
to the use of empirical investigation as a
basis for an organized process of
learning. On his part, Dewey introduced
a method of instruction in terms of
scientific method in broad terms.

Playing with Educational Toys
American philosopher, educator, and
psychologist John Dewey reformed
educational theory and practice in the
United States by making learning more
diverse and participatory.
John
Dewey
Edward L. Thorndike
In the late 19th century, American psychologist Edward L.
Thorndike conducted some of the first experiments on animal
learning. Thorndike formulated the law of effect, which states
that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences
will be more likely to be repeated in the future.

F. The 19th century paved in the advent of effective
technological development, including the
production of textbooks, use of blackboards, and
improvements in writing implements like pen and
ink. Photography was invented, giving way to a
movement called “visual instruction. By 1920,
visual media became widely accepted. Then came
the publication of audio-visual media texts. In
1926, educational films were used as instructional
media. In 1927, Pressey wrote on programmed
learning through a machine which tested and
confirmed as learning task.

G. In 1932, the first instructional
Television program was aired at
the State University of Iowa.
About the same time, the 16 mm
motion picture was developed
and this served as the
educational workhorse during
the audio-visual movement of
the time.

• Studio Soundstage
• Most motion pictures are filmed in part on studio
soundstages, where the filmmakers can create the
environment called for in the script. This set replicates
stormy conditions on the water, with fans blowing “rain”
toward the actor in the boat.
• Miro Vintoniv/Stock Boston Inc.
• Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.

Scene from Snow White
Walt Disney pioneered the animated feature-length film with his screen
adaptation of a Grimm fairy tale, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
(1937). The film was produced from more than 400,000 sketches, and
Disney introduced a number of technical innovations that revolutionized
the production of animation for feature-length films.
Archive Photos
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Lets begin at the beginning…………..
-1862- QWERTY KEYBOARD:
Christopher Sholes develops a
machine to print the alphabet

H. During World War II, the U.S.
government encouraged the
implementation of technology of
instruction for military training
programs. This gave impetus to a system
approach to instruction to include:
micro-teaching, individualized
instruction, language laboratories,
behavioral objectives, computer-
assisted instruction, among others.

World War II: The military used
overhead projectors to support
lectures, slide projectors to support
training in ship and aircraft
recognition, and audio equipment for
teaching foreign languages.
overhead projectors

1950’s:
Instructional television usage and
computers began to be used in education
and training.
Philo Farnsworth
Philo Farnsworth
Charles
Babbage

1977:
Apple introduces “ Apple II”.
1981:
IBM home computer and MS
DOS 2.0 are introduced.
MS DOS 2.0 IBM Home Computer

1988:
Smart boards are presented.
Smart board

1997-2007:
The growth of the internet expanded far
faster than most predicted..
200-2011:
Creation of distance education
courses,
Laptop Computer merges,
Touch screen Laptop and IPod are
introduced,
Use of electronic textbooks.

Nowadays, there are many kinds of
computer and non-computer technologies
currently in use in traditional classrooms,
such as:
Computer in the classroom
Class website
Class blogs and wikis
Wireless classroom microphones
Mobile devices
Smart Boards
Online media

We will start by clicking on this video
sponsored by: smart and also by:
Adam Scott Bellow
www.edutecher.net, 2009,

Benefits:
 Easy-to-access course materials:
Course material can be posted on a website for students to study
at a time and location they prefer.
Student motivation:
Computer- based instruction can give instant feedback to
students.
Wide participation:
Learning material can be used for long distance learning.
Improved student’s writing:
Using word processing can improve the quality of student’s
writing.
Subjects made easier to learn:
Educational Software is designed to help students to learn
specific subjects.

But don’t worry………
Teachers will always be
necessary!!!

References:
Adam Scott Bellow www.edutecher.net, 2009,
Corpus, B.B. and Lucido, P. I., 2008. Educational
Technology 1. Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
David H. Jonassen, et al, 1999
Lucido, P.I., and Borabo, M.L., 1997. Educational
Technology. Metro Manila: Katha Publishing Inc.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ0nlh5FU5A

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Educational Technology 1 Technology in Education

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