EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON RCC STRUCTURE

CONTENT
• PROJECT MEMBERS
• INTRODUCTION
 SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA
 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
 ABOUT THE SOFTWARE
• METHODOLOGY/PLANNING OF PROJECT WORK
• UTILITY OF PROJECT
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES

PROJECT MEMBER
• ABHINAV VERMA
• KUWAR LIMAY SIDDHARTHA
• SURAJ KUMAR ARYA
• AVINASH SINGH

INTRODUCTION
 When an Earthquake struck any residential area, Hundreds of people get killed and many get injured.
Tremors can be felt from at hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake.
 An Earthquake is a phenomena in which Earth’s surface shakes due to the release of seismic energy from
large blocks of the crust along a fault. Faults are cracks in the crust. The point under the earth crust on the
fault surface where the processes of earthquakes begins, it is the source of earthquake and it is termed as the
focus. Focus is the center from where Seismic waves radiates outward.
 The term Earthquake can be used to describe any kind of seismic event which may be either natural or
initiated by humans, which generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused commonly by rupture of
geological faults; but they can also be triggered by other events like volcanic activity, mine blasts, landslides
and nuclear tests. An abrupt release of energy in the earth's crust which creates seismic waves results in what
is called an earthquake, which is also known as a tremor, a quake or a temblor.

CONT.….
The frequency, type and magnitude of earthquakes experienced over a period of time
defines the seismicity (seismic activity) of that area. The observations from a seismometer
are used to measure earthquake. Earthquakes greater than approximately 5 are mostly
reported on the scale of moment magnitude.
Those smaller than magnitude 5, which are more in number, as reported by the national
seismological observatories are mostly measured on the local magnitude scale, which is
also known as the Richter scale.

CONT.….
Here in this project work based on software named Staad pro has been used. Few standard
problems also have been solved to show how STAAD pro can be used in different cases. These
typical problems have been solved using basic concept of loading, analysis, condition as per IS
code. These basic techniques may be found useful for further analysis of problems.
These developments are most welcome, as they relieve the engineer of the often lengthy
calculations and procedures required to be followed while large or complicated structures are
analyzed using classical methods.

TERMS OF EARTHQUAKE:-
I. FOCUS
II. EPICENTER
III.SEISMIC WAVES (P-WAVE,S-WAVE,SURFACE WAVE, L-WAVE)
IV.TECTONIC PLATE
V. MEASURING AN EARTHQUAKE ON SEISMOGRAPH
VI.RICHTER SCALE

OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
This project aims for learning of concept of structural design with the help of computer
aids. Briefly we have gone through following points through out of the project work.:-
 Main objective is analysis and design methodology using Staad.Pro Software .
 Understanding of design and detailing concept.
Understanding of Earthquake Effect and its analysis according to Earthquake or Seismic
loads
Approach for professional practice in the field of structural engineering.

ABOUT THE SOFTWARE
 STAAD Pro is stand on Structure Analysis And Design.
 Staad is powerful design software licensed by Bentley .
 Staad stands for structural analysis and design any object which is stable under a given loading can be
considered as structure. So first find the outline of the structure, whereas analysis is the estimation of
what are the type of loads that acts on the beam and calculation of shear force and bending moment
comes under analysis stage.
 Design phase is designing the type of materials and its dimensions to resist the load. This we do after
the analysis.

CONT.….
To Calculate S.F.D and B.M.D of a complex loading beam it takes about an hour. So when
it comes into the building with several members it will take a week.
Staad pro is a very powerful tool which does this job in just an hour’s staad is a best
alternative for high rise buildings.
Now a day’s most of the high rise buildings are designed by staad which makes a
compulsion for a Civil engineer to know about this software.
These Software can be used to carry RCC Structure, Steel, Bridge, Truss etc. According to
various Country Codes.

ADVANTAGE OF STAAD PRO
•FLEXIBLE MODELING ENVIRONMENT
• WIDE RANGE OF DESIGN CODES
•CONTAIN FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
• OPEN ARCHITECTURE
•EASY TO USE
LIMITATION OF STAAD PRO
•HUGE OUTPUT DATA
•EVEN ANALYSIS OF A SMALL BEAM
CREATES LARGE OUTPUT.
•UNABLE TO SHOW PLINTH BEAMS.

METHODOLOGY/PLANNING OF PROJECT
•INPUT DATA
•MODELING OF STRUCTURE
•MATERIALS
•LOADS
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
SEISMIC LOAD
•DESIGN PARAMETER
•ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

UTILITY OF PROJECT
Study of Design of various elements of RCC building.
Planning of various components of a building with column positioning.
Introduction of STAAD.Pro v8i.
Modeling of the building in the Staad.Pro v8i giving all boundary conditions (supports,
loading etc…)
Analysis and design of various structural components of the modal building.
Study of analysis data of the Software.
Detailing of Beams, Columns, with section Proportioning and Reinforcement.

GEOMETRIC DEFINATION
••MODEL-1
••MODEL-2
••DIMENSIONS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

MODEL-1
• Plan area of 12m x 12m with a three
panel grid of 4m x 4m in both lateral
directions.
• The space frame thus formed
consists of nine columns placed at
each panel points.
• The columns were 3m in height for
each storey and are considered to extend
for 2m below plinth level upto foundation
which was considered to be fixed.

MODEL-2
• Plan area of 16m x 12m with three panel
grid of 4m x 4m in one direction and four
panel grid of same dimension in other
direction.
• The space frame thus formed consists
of twelve columns placed at each panel
points.
• The columns were 3m in height for each
storey and were considered to extend for
2m below plinth level upto foundation
which was considered to be fixed.

DIMENSIONS OF STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
 Both the models had been analyzed with the following dimensions of structural elements.
 Beam size for all models was fixed as 230mmx450mm.
 All external wall of thickness 230mm
 All floor slabs of thickness 130mm
 Rectangular column size was taken as 300mmx450mm.
 Equivalent square columns were taken as 370mmx370mm.
 Equivalent circular columns were taken as 415mm in dia.

MODELLING
 All the supports and end of columns considered fixed in both types of models
 Seismic load in the two lateral directions was considered as per the equivalent static load
method according to Indian standard IS:1893- 2002.
 The structure was analyzed for zone III with zone factor0.16.
 Response reduction factor(IR) of 5
 Importance factor (I) of 1.
 Rock soil type was taken as medium soil with factor2.
 Damping ratio was taken as 5% .

• TYPICAL FLOOR LOAD
Dead load 4.3 kN/sq.m
 Live load 2 kN/sq.m
Wall load 11.75 kN/m
TERRACE FLOOR LOAD
•Dead load 6.05 kN/sq.m(to account for water proofing).
• Live load 1.5 kN/sq.m
• Wall load 4.15 kN/m (parapet wall.)
Analysis was carried out for 13 load combinations that were defined based on
recommendations as given in IS 456, and IS 1893.

STRUCTUREA STRUCTURE CAN BE DEFINED AS AN ASSEMBLAGE OF ELEMENTS. STAAD IS CAPABLE OF ANALYZING
AND DESIGNING STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF BOTH FRAME, AND FINITE ELEMENT. ALMOST ANY TYPE
OF STRUCTURE CAN BE ANALYZED BY STAAD .
FRAME ELEMENT – BEAM ELEMENTS- 2 NODES
FINITE ELEMENTS – 1)PLATE – 3 OR 4 NODES
2) SOLID – 4 TO 8 NODES
IN CASE OF STAAD
NODE BECOME JOINT IT HAS A NUMBER AND XYZ COORDINATES
BEAM BECOMES MEMBER IT HAS A NUMBER AND NODES AT ITS ENDS
PLATE BECOMES ELEMENT IT HAS A NUMBER AND NODE AT ITS CORNERS

TYPES OF STRUCTURE
• A TRUSS STRUCTURE CONSIST OF TRUSS MEMBERS WHICH CAN HAVE ONLY AXIAL
MEMBER FORCES AND NO BENDING IN THE MEMBER.
• A PLANE STRUCTURE IS BOUND BY A GLOBAL X-Y COORDINATE SYSTEM WITH LOAD
APPLIED IN SAME PLANE.
• A SPACE STRUCTURE, WHICH IS A THREE DIMENSIONAL FRAMED WITH LOAD APPLIED
IN ANY PLANE, IS THE MOST GENERAL.
• A FLOOR STRUCTURE IS A TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE HAVING NO
HORIZONTAL (GLOBAL X OR Z) MOVEMENT OF THE STRUCTURE [FX,FZ & MY ARE
RESTRAINED AT EVERY POINT ].THE FLOOR FRAMING ( IN GLOBAL X- Z PLANE) OF A
BUILDING IS AN IDEAL EXAMPLE OF A FLOOR STRUCTURE . COLUMNS CAN ALSO BE
MODELLED WITH THE FLOOR IN FLOOR STRUCTURE AS LONG AS THE STRUCTURE
HAS NO HORIZONTAL LOADING . IF THERE IS ANY HORIZONTAL LOAD ,IT MUST BE
ANALYZED AS A SPACE STRUCTURE.

GETTING STARTED STAAD WINDOW
Data Area
Main WindowPage
Control
Tool Bar
24

TOOLS USED
ALL THIS OPTIONS IS USED TO SEE THE VIEW OF STRUCTURE FROM VARIOUS SIDE.
ROTATION CAN BE DONE BY ROTATING THE OPTION.
TO ZOOM THE STRUCTURE AND RETURN TO PREVIOUS THESE ARE REQUIRED.
IF YOU WANT TO RETURN THE WHOLE STRUCTURE USE THIS.
TO SEE THE 3D RENDER VIEW USE

VARIOUS TYPES OF CURSORS
VARIOUS SELECTION: SELECTION ARE FOUND FOR VARIOUS
PART SUCH AS NODE, BEAM, SURFACE, PLATE, SOLID.
NODES CURSOR
BEAM CURSOR
PLATES CURSOR
SURFACE CURSOR
SOLID CURSOR
GEOMETRY CURSOR

PAGE CONTROL IN VARIOUS MODES
PAGE CONTROL IN PAGE CONTROL IN
MODELING MODE POST- PROCESSING MODE
27

WIZARD
From
geometry
Here various types o
Structures is given under
each Main division for
choice
Here Various types of
division of Structure is
given for choice

ASSIGNING PROPERTY
ASSIGNING A PROPERTY MEANS TO PROVIDE DIMENSIONS SUCH
AS WIDTH, THICKNESS ETC. TO BEAMS COLUMNS SLAB ETC.
30

SUPPORTS
1.THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF
SUPPORTS PROVIDED TO A
STRUCTURE
• FIXED SUPPORT
• PINNED SUPPORT
• ROLLER SUPPORT
2. THERE ARE OPTIONS PROVIDED
IN STAAD FOR PINNED AND FIXED
SUPPORTS WHILE ROLLER SUPPORT
HAS TO BE CREATED BY RELEASING
THE FX AND MZ COMPONENTS
USING FIXED BUT.

DESIGN
 The static analysis was carried out for the given dead and live loads.
 The design was carried out by the most critical load combination of 1.5 x D.L+ 0.9 x EQ
in +X,-X,+Z,-Z directions respectively for both, rectangular and square model.
 The following parameters were considered for design:-
1. Grade of concrete M25
2. Grade of steel Fe415
3. Clear cover 0.02 m
4. Maximum main reinforcement for column 25 mm
5. Maximum main reinforcement for beams 20 mm
6. Diameter of ties for beams and columns8 mm.

CONCLUSION
Staad pro is widely used by most of the organization for their construction needs.
Unfortunately , well skilled Staad pro engineers are very hard to search.
If we believe in the prediction of the industry expert then those students who will getting trained
on staad pro in the current and upcoming two year will have bright and successful career ahead
in the real state and construction domain.
By attending this STAAD.Pro we were able to learn various feature of STAAD.Pro which will be
very helpful in the near future.

REFERENCES
 IS 456: (2000): Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice.
 IS 1893: (2002-2005): Earthquake design-Code of Practice.
 IS: 875: (Part 2) – 1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures.
 Bentley Software (STAAD Pro V8i )

EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON RCC STRUCTURE

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EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON RCC STRUCTURE