Effective lesson planning and design
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This document discusses effective lesson planning and design, specifically backwards design. It emphasizes the importance of setting clear and measurable learning objectives aligned to standards. The backwards design process is outlined as starting with defining the desired learning outcome, then developing assessments, and finally planning learning activities. An example is provided of modeling this process to plan a lesson on creating scaled bar graphs. Backwards design is contrasted with more traditional planning approaches that start with activities rather than desired learning outcomes.
Effective lesson planning and design
- 1. EFFECTIVE LESSON PLANNING AND DESIGN LaToya Gilmore EDU 650 May 21, 2014
- 2. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN
- 3. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN What are the most important elements of effective lesson design? Setting clear objectives What do you want students to be able to do and understand? Aligned objectives to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Assessments Assignments Activities
- 4. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN Why are good learning objectives critical to planning effective instruction? Objectives are important because they are what a student must achieve to accomplish what the teacher states is to be learned, comprehended, or mastered. (Wong, 1998) Objectives are actions that are going to take place. A teacher must use these to continually make sure that the class is aligned and is on course.
- 5. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN Sample learning objective Specify and partition a whole into equal parts, identifying and counting unit fractions by drawing pictorial area models. This objective is “good” because: Clear Concise Assessable Is aligned with the CCSS – 3.NF.1 Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b
- 6. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN What are common pitfalls in planning effective planning? Designing a lesson plan starting with assignments or activities first. Not aligning objectives with CCSS Activities are not measurable Rushing through content
- 7. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN How to avoid common pitfalls in lesson planning? “Learning should be considered a comprehensive, holist ic, transformative, and wide-ranging process that integrates academic learning, goal setting, student experiences, and assessment, processes that are often considered independent of each other.” (Newman, 2013) Begin with the end goal in mind What is it that you want students to be able to do or understand at the end of this lesson? Think ahead How will this objective and activities connect with future learning concepts?
- 8. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN What is backwards design? Backwards design is a way to design lessons beginning with the focus standard and determining the final outcome. Determine what is it you want students to be know or be able to do at the end of the lesson. Next, design an assessment to measure students. Then, determine which activities or assignments will best help students reach that outcome. Finally, you teach the content based on what you have outlined and prepared for this content.
- 9. EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN How does the CCSS Initiative play a role in designing effective instruction? While the Common Core State Standards significantly reduced the number of standards that must be covered, there are still choices to be made. These include deciding which topic to start teaching, which outcomes to start with, how to scaffold skills and knowledge appropriately, and which standards to break into smaller units, which to teach continuously, and which to teach as a whole (Wiggins & McTighe, 2012).
- 10. BACKWARDS DESIGN VS. TRADITIONAL MODEL
- 11. BACKWARDS DESIGN VS. TRADITIONAL MODEL Begin with the learning outcome Develop assessments before assignments Focuses on the desired goals of the lesson Begins with choosing activities and assignments Focuses on inputs Develop assessments after assignments Starts with the learning standards
- 13. MODELING THE PROCESS Identifying desired outcome Select standard 3.MD.A.1- Draw a picture graph and a scaled bar graph to represent a data set with several catgories. Solve one- and two-step “how many more” and “how many less” problems using information presented on scaled bar graphs. (CCSS, 2013) Determine outcome At the end of this lesson students will be able to draw a scaled bar graph that represents a given data set.
- 14. MODELING THE PROCESS Assessment Evidence Exit Slip – Favorite Color Draw a scaled bar graph using the given set of data Red- 7 Yellow- 3 Blue- 6 Green- 3 Orange- 4
- 15. MODELING THE PROCESS Learning Activities Concept Development (I do – We do – You do) Teacher models constructing a scaled bar graph Teacher models every step it takes to create a scaled bar graph, explicitly explaining the parts of a bar graph and how to use the data set to create a scale and how to label each part of the graph Teacher and student construct a scaled bar graph Students work constructing a scaled bar graph with assistance from teacher Students work independently to construct a scaled bar graph Students should use the previous examples to guide their work. Using the steps to help them complete the bar graph.
- 16. MODELING THE PROCESS Assessment Teacher will use an “exit slip” to assess students’ understanding of the concept. The assessment was created in step 2 of the design process Exit Slip – Favorite Color Draw a scaled bar graph using the given set of data • Red- 7 • Yellow- 3 • Blue- 6 • Green- 3 • Orange- 4
- 17. MODELING THE PROCESS Feedback Teacher will use this assessment to provide feedback to students New Topic After completing the lesson and assessing students’ understanding the teacher will then begin preparing for the new topic
- 18. REFERENCES Lemov, Doug (2010). Teach Like a Champion. Jossey- Bass Wong, Harry (1998). The First Days of School. Harry K. Wong Publications NYS Common Core Mathematics Curriculum (2013). http://www.engageny.org/sites/default/files/resource/atta chments/math-g3-m6-full-module.pdf Newman, Richard (2013). Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century: Connecting the Dots. Bridgepoint Education, Inc.