Elevators presentation (altacit template)
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The document provides a historical overview of elevator technology from ancient origins to modern innovations. It discusses early hydraulic elevators in the mid-1800s and important safety inventions like Elisha Otis's passenger safety brake elevator of 1852. Major milestones include the first passenger elevator in 1857, electric elevators in the late 1800s, and computerized controls in the 1960s. The document also analyzes elevator patent holders, infringement cases, and future trends in environmentally friendly and smarter elevator technologies.
Elevators presentation (altacit template)
- 1. A Brief Exposé on Elevators An oft neglected requirement of our modern society, the elevator gives structure for our modern urban pursuits and represents a technological leap forward for vertical transportation.
- 2. History of the elevator Early BC origins of elevator systems Hydraulic elevators were popular in the mid-1800s and are still the norm for low-rise buildings; problematically, they require hydraulic oil and are inefficient “ Standing rope control” for elevators invented in 1850 Credit goes to Elisha Otis for having invented the first safety passenger (brake) elevator in 1852 This elevator featured a lock-spring which would engage should the elevator descend too quickly ie if the cable were to break
- 3. (Cont) 1857: Otis showcases the first passenger elevator (for a department store) 1874: JW Meaker patents safety method for elevator doors 1880: World’s first electric elevator 1889: Direct-connected geared electric elevator 1903: Gearless traction elevator 1940’s: push-button elevators (not requiring human dispatchers) 1950’s: pre-programmed elevators responding to peak hours 1960’s: introduction of microcomputers to create a more efficient elevator 1996: Machine room-less elevators by Kone save space and energy (1/3 the energy use of hydraulic elevators)
- 4. Patent information: total US patents granted Elevator – 24,800 hits A refined inspection of the patents reveals that 2796 (approx.) have been filed in the US which are pertinent to elevator technology Includes inventive steps to elevator systems, safety features, physical design, electronic monitoring, control systems and ancillary features 374 patents for induction motors 13 patents for machine room-less
- 5. Major patent-holders 1139 42 (with Westinghouse, 289) Inventio – 350 31 164 72 51 2 (American office)
- 6. Examples of Patents and *Published Applications Serial Number Invention Title Serial Number Invention Title 1 (2010) Elevator 6 (1980) Floor selector system for elevator 2 (2005) Elevator System *7 Method for determining replacement state of wear of elevator means 3 (2003) Elevator belt assembly with noise reducing groove arrangement *8 Elevator system (speed) 4 (2000) Interactive elevator communication system *9 Elevator guide-rail system 5 (2002) Method for preventing an inadmissibly high speed of the load *10 Security-based elevator control
- 8. Patents observed in situ Earthquake-setting control system Machine room-less elevator Elevator system Gap-sealing technology Elevator group control system Safety equipment for preventing an elevator car collision with an object Method for preventing unnatural high-speed Interactive elevator communication system
- 9. Notable patent infringement cases Schindler v Otis (2010) – for an elevator feature capable of recognizing a user upon walking into a monitored area and sending an elevator to bring the user to the relevant floor, no infringement was found. Kone v Zheijiang (China) – elevator driving device attached to the wall instead of the ceiling was found to infringe under the “doctrine of equivalents”.
- 10. (cont) Inventio AG v ThyssenKrupp – defendant prevails in this suit alleging infringement for temporary overlay patent providing controls with dispatch functionality; plaintiff’s patents revoked. Advanced Hydraulics v Otis – “hydraulic elevator” patent of 1951 assigned to plaintiff and was likely infringed; however, estoppel due to delay and laches prohibited the claim Kone v ThyssenKrupp (2009) – pending suit
- 11. Future of the industry Looking at environmentally-friendly technology and efficient use of shaft space Passenger comfort and smarter technologies to recognize passengers for security purposes, with emphasized research into computerized innovations Economic downturn has been reducing sales and stymied high-rise development Replacements for outdated and irreparable elevator systems less in demand than previously predicted Competitiveness of the field set to increase following the immense fines (nearly $1 billion USD) levied against the largest elevator companies by the EU Competition Commission for price fixing and illicit collusion
- 12. Bizarre and logical tech improvements “ Vacuum” elevators of science fiction, using air pressure to transport tenants and workers “ Smell sensors” to determine whether or not the tenant is actually whom he presents himself to be Magnetic suspension system – Mitsubishi – in trial stage More efficient hydraulic systems for cities with blackouts and electrical precariousness
- 13. FIN