Elixir紹介

Elixir紹介
2014/05/08
SICP Club LT
Livesense Inc.
HORINOUCHI Masato

Elixirとは
Elixir is a func-onal, meta-programming aware language built on
top of the Erlang VM. It is a dynamic language that focuses on
tooling to leverage Erlang's abili-es to build concurrent, distributed
and fault-tolerant applica-ons with hot code upgrades.

見た目は
Ruby
中身は
Lisp

特徴
• 近代的なシンタックス
• 全てが式
• 強力なメタプログラミング機能
• 第一級オブジェクトとしてのドキュメント
• Erlangランタイムとの相互運用

Fibonacci (Ruby)
class Fib
def self.fib n
case n
when 0 then 0
when 1 then 1
else fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
end
end
end
puts Fib.fib 10

Fibonacci (Elixir)
defmodule Fib do
def fib(0), do: 1
def fib(1), do: 1
def fib(n), do: fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
end
IO.puts Fib.fib 6

Install
• OS X (homebrew)
• $ brew install erlang –devel
• $ brew install elixir
• Windows
• なんか大変らしい
• Ubuntu
• PPA あるよ

REPL
$ iex
iex> defmodule Hello do
...> def world do
...> IO.puts "Hello, world"
...> end
...> end
iex> Hello.world
Hello, world
:ok
iex>

無名関数
iex> f = fn(x) -> x * 2 end
iex> f.(4)
8
iex> (fn(x) -> x * 3 end).(3)
9

map reduce
iex> Enum.map(
...> [1,2,3],
...> fn(x) -> x * 2 end)
[2, 4, 6]
iex> Enum.reduce(
...> [1,2,3],
...> fn(x, acc) -> x + acc end)
6

キーワード引数と括弧の省略
iex> if true do
...> 1
...> else
...> 2
...> end
1
iex> if true, do: 1, else: 2
1
iex> if true, [do: 1, else: 2]
1
iex> if(true, [do: 1, else: 2])
1

Homoiconicity
In a homoiconic language the primary representa3on of programs is
also a data structure in a primi3ve type of the language itself. This
makes metaprogramming easier than in a language without this
property, since code can be treated as data: reﬂec3on in the
language (examining the program's en33es at run3me) depends on
a single, homogeneous structure, and it does not have to handle
several diﬀerent structures that would appear in a complex syntax.
To put that another way, homoiconicity is where a program's source
code is wriDen as a basic data structure that the programming
language knows how to access.

quote
iex> length [1,2,3]
3
iex> quote do: length [1,2,3]
{:length, [context: Elixir, import: Kernel], [[1, 2, 3]]}
iex> 1 + 2
3
iex> quote do: 1 + 2
{:+, [context: Elixir, import: Kernel], [1, 2]}

macro
iex> defmodule MyUnless do
...> defmacro unless(clause, options) do
...> quote do: if !unquote(clause),
...> unquote(options)
...> end
...> end
iex> require MyUnless
nil
Iex> MyUnless.unless true, do: 1, else: 2
2

defmacro if
defmacro if(condition, clauses) do
do_clause = Keyword.get(clauses, :do, nil)
else_clause = Keyword.get(clauses, :else, nil)
quote do
case unquote(condition) do
_ in [false, nil] -> unquote(else_clause)
_ -> unquote(do_clause)
end
end
end

ご清聴ありがとうございました

Elixir紹介

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Elixir紹介