Embedded system
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This document provides an overview of embedded systems and their processors. It defines an embedded system as having computer hardware and software embedded as important components. Processors are the heart of embedded systems and can be microprocessors or microcontrollers. Components include hardware, memories, ports and application software. Languages for programming embedded systems include C and C++. Embedded systems are classified based on scale, connectivity and mobility. They have constraints like limited memory and need for low power. Common applications include household appliances, audio players, vehicle controllers and medical equipment.
Embedded system
- 1. Embedded System Processor Submitted to Dr. Ritula Thakur (NITTTR CHD) Submitted by Jawahar Lal (151506) Kauleshwar Pandey (151507) Tsering Sangdup (151520) Vikas Singh (151521) Vinod Srivastava (151522) 1
- 2. CONTENTS System Embedded System Processor Components of embedded system Hardware Features Languages for programming Classification Embedded system constraints Applications 2
- 3. System A system is a way of working, organizing or doing one or many tasks according to a fixed plan, program or set of rules. A system is also an arrangement in which all its units assemble and work together according to the plan or program. 3
- 4. 4SYSTEM EXAMPLES WATCH It is a time display SYSTEM Parts: Hardware, Needles, Battery, Dial, Chassis and Strap Rules 1.All needles move clockwise only 2.A thin needle rotates every second 3.A long needle rotates every minute 4.A short needle rotates every hour 5.All needles return to the original position after 12 hours
- 5. 5 WASHING MACHINE It is an automatic clothes washing SYSTEM Parts: Status display panel, Switches & Dials, Motor, Power supply & control unit, Inner water level sensor and solenoid valve. Rules 1.Wash by spinning 2.Rinse 3.Drying 4.Wash over by blinking 5.Each step display the process stage 6.In case interruption, execute only the remaining
- 6. 6EMBEDDED SYSTEM Definition: An Embedded System is one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as one of its important components. SOFTWARE PROGRAM #include <16f876a.h> #use delay (clock=20000000) #byte PORTB=6 main() { set_tris_b(0); portb=255; //decimal delay_ms(1000); portb=0x55; //hexadecimal delay_ms(1000); portb=0b10101010; //binary delay_ms(500); } Its software embeds in ROM (Read Only Memory). It does not need secondary memories as in a computer HARDWARE
- 7. Processor A Processor is the heart of the Embedded System. An embedded processor is a microprocessor that is used in an embedded system. For an embedded system designer knowledge of microprocessor and microcontroller is a must. Two Essential Units: Operations Control Unit (CU), Fetch Execution Unit (EU) Execute 7
- 8. 8 Microprocessor Microcontroller CPU is stand alone, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer are separate. CPU, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer all are on single chip. Designer can decide amount of RAM,ROM, & I/O ports. Fixed amount of on-chip RAM,ROM, & I/O ports. High processing power Low processing power High power consumption Low power consumption Typically 32/64 bit 8/16 bit General purpose Single purpose(control oriented) Less reliable Highly reliable Eg.- 8086,8085 8051
- 10. Layout model
- 11. Few Examples of Embedded system
- 12. Embedded system for a car
- 13. Components of Embedded System It has Hardware Processor, Timers, Interrupt controller, I/O Devices, Memories, Ports, etc. It has main Application Software Which may perform concurrently the series of tasks or multiple tasks. It has Real Time Operating System (RTOS) RTOS defines the way the system work. Which supervise the application software. It sets the rules during the execution of the application program. A small scale embedded system may not need an RTOS. 13
- 15. BLOCK DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM SENSORS CONTROL UNIT ACTUATOR
- 16. Features of an embedded system Single-functioned Executes a single program, repeatedly Tightly-constrained Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc. Life threatening 24/7/365 Reactive and real-time Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment Must compute certain results in real-time without delay
- 17. Future of Embedded processors Embedded processor account for 100% worldwide microprocessor production Microprocessor production Embedded:Desktop=100:1 Embedded processors in a house 40-50(approx) Embedded processors in a modern car 50-60
- 18. Languages for Programming Embedded Systems Assembly language was the pioneer for programming embedded systems till recently. Nowadays there are many more languages to program these systems. Some of the languages are C, C++, Ada, Forth, and Java together with its new enhancement J2ME. The majority of software for embedded systems is still done in C language. 18
- 19. Recent survey indicates that approximately 45% of the embedded software is still being done in C language. C++ is also increasing its presence in embedded systems. As C++ is based on C language, thus providing programmer the object oriented methodologies to reap the benefits of such an approach. 19
- 20. C is very close to assembly programming and it allows very easy access to underlying hardware. A huge number of high quality compilers and debugging tools are available for the C language. Though C++ is theoretically more efficient than C, but some of its compilers have bugs due to the huge size of the language. These compilers may cause a buggy execution. 20
- 21. Classifications of Embedded System 21
- 22. Real-time Systems Embedded systems in which some specific work has to be done in a specific time period are called real-time systems. Real time embedded systems are classified into two types such as soft and hard real time systems.
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- 24. Stand Alone Embedded Systems Stand alone embedded systems do not require a host system like a computer, it works by itself. It takes the input from the input ports either analog or digital and processes, calculates and converts the data and gives the resulting data through the connected device-Which either controls, drives and displays the connected devices. Examples:- mp3 players, digital cameras, video game consoles, microwave ovens and temperature measurement systems. 24
- 25. Networked Embedded Systems These types of embedded systems are related to a network to access the resources. The connected network can be LAN, WAN or the internet. Example:- home security system wherein all sensors are connected and run on the protocol TCP/IP 25
- 26. Mobile Embedded Systems Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell phones, mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital assistants, etc. The basic limitation of these devices is the other resources and limitation of memory. 26
- 27. Small Scale Embedded System Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller. Little hardware and software complexity. They may even be battery operated. Usually “C” is used for developing these system. The need to limit power dissipation when system is running continuously. Examples:- digital watches Programming tools: Editor, Assembler and Cross Assembler 27
- 28. Medium Scale Embedded System Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers or Digital Signal Processors (DSP) or Reduced Instructions Set Computers (RISC). Both hardware and software complexity. Examples:- Ipod’s Programming tools: C, C++, java, RTOS, Source code Engineering Tool, Simulator, Debugger and Integrated Development Environment (IDE). 28
- 29. Sophisticated Embedded System It uses more than 32 bit microcontroller. Enormous hardware and software complexity Which may need scalable processor or configurable processor and programming logic arrays. Constrained by the processing speed available in their hardware units. Examples:-washing machine Programming Tools: For these systems may not be readily available at a reasonable cost or may not be available at all. A compiler or retargetable compiler might have to br developed for this. 29
- 30. Embedded System Constraints An embedded system is software designed to keep in view three constraints: Available system memory Available processor speed The need to limit the power dissipation When running the system continuously in cycles of wait for events, run, stop and wakeup.
- 31. 31 •Household appliances: Microwave ovens, Television, DVD Players & Recorders •Audio players •Integrated systems in aircrafts and missiles •Cellular telephones •Electric and Electronic Motor controllers •Engine controllers in automobiles •Calculators • Medical equipments •Videogames •Digital musical instruments, etc. Applications
- 32. References http://mvn.edu.in/mvnlms/mod/book/view.php ?id=1394 http://www.slideshare.net/ritula21/8051- microcontroller-46719420?qid=5fa72032- 2f52-49c0-b59f- e66a3cace46f&v=&b=&from_search=1 http://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/diff erence-between-microprocessor-and- microcontroller 32
- 33. THANK YOU 33