Engaging Developing Regions for Effective Global One Health implementation - The ICOPHAI approach
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The document outlines the objectives and activities of the International Conference on One Health and the ICOPHAI network, emphasizing collaboration among scientists and policymakers from developing nations to address global health issues. It highlights various research and training initiatives aimed at enhancing health surveillance and response systems, as well as innovative strategies for disease prevention and control, particularly related to zoonotic diseases. Additionally, the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and partnerships in tackling complex health and environmental challenges at the human-livestock-wildlife interface is underscored.
Engaging Developing Regions for Effective Global One Health implementation - The ICOPHAI approach
- 3. Principles and Objectives • Bring together developing region scientists and policy-makers across the world; • Build capacity, encourage interactions among scientists from the fields of health, agriculture, environment…; • Establish a global knowledge-sharing platform • Biennial Congress- http://icophai.org • Conduct model Research, training and outreach partnerships on priority global health issues • Innovative- e.g. Novel Rapid Diagnostics of BTB • Implementation- Rabies prevention and control
- 5. ICOPHAI GenomeTrkr 924 isolates submitted to FDA-CFSAN • Brazil (4) • Ethiopia (401) • Kenya (86) • Mexico (63) • Tanzania (64) • Thailand (60) • U.S. –OSU (247)
- 7. ICOPHAI…Global One Health ICOPHAI network members 993 network subscribers; 65+ countries; 225+ institutes/ Mainly developing Join ICOPHAI- info@icophai.org
- 8. 1. Peter Cowen- Key Elements for Starting Up One Health Surveillance and Response Systems: What ICOPHAI Brings to the Table 2. Rudovick Kazwala- One Health Approach to Solve Complex Problems and Improve Livelihoods at the Human-Livestock-Wildlife Interface 3. Michael Bisesi- The Environmental Component of the One Health Approach: An Expanded Paradigm 4. Mateus Matiuzzi- Brazilian Experience in One Health: ICOPHAI - One Health for Sustainable Development 5. Wondwossen Gebreyes- Engaging Health Sciences and Beyond ICOPHAI GRF 2015 Panel
- 9. Key Elements for Starting Up One Health Surveillance and Response Systems: What ICOPHAI Brings to the Table Peter Cowen, DVM, PhD Population Health and Pathobiology Department Global Risk Forum One Health Davos 2015
- 10. Map of Global Risk and Trends Global Risks 2015 World Economic Forum Wildli fe Animal Human Emergi ng Diseas es
- 11. Multidimensionality: What ICOPHAI Brings to the One Health Table Inter Disciplinar yEcosystem Health Human Health Animal Health Multi- dimensionality South-South Partnerships Epidemiologic Diversity Triangular Networks I C O P H A I Effective Global One Health Surveillance & Response Wildlife Animal Huma n Emerging Disease
- 12. South-South and Triangular Collaborations and Networks: A Key Dimensionality of One Health Response. …it is imperative not only that research yield new technologies but that the broadest range of already existing alternative precedents – and new combinations of both –be identified and examined critically for possible applications in different areas of the world or to different circumstances. And this includes particularly careful study of current food production practices in different Third World countries for their broader application. – C.W. Schwabe, 1984 Many of the technologic al challenges of today are not local needs of a single countries but are part of the basic problem of survival and conversation of the worlds resources. - Willy Brant, 1980
- 13. Nigeria’s Avian Influenza Control Program Blocking HPAI H5N1with One Health Preparation of HPAI plan by Agriculture prior to outbreak First African outbreak near Kaduna - 2006 Federal Government set up intersectoral HPAI steering committee jointly chaired by FMANR and MOH. Initial Meetings at Aso Rock chair by Nigerian President Obasanjo Joint Preparedness and Response plan prepared with Ministry of Communication International and multisectorial cooperation included $50 million loan for farmer compensation and other activities Disease eradicated from over 300 farms Highly successful program run with high levels of One Health cooperation.
- 14. Nigeria Defeats Ebola: One Health NFELTP – A Key Response Resource This is not the first time Ebola has appeared in Africa. There have been more than 20 outbreaks since 1976. Not one of them has been declared a global problem. Of course, circumstances are different this time. But if we had been prepared, if we had learned from the past, we wouldn’t be where we are today. NFELTP Inaugural Cohort Abuja, 2008- 10 Following this diagnosis, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) and the Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP ) were mobilised to investigate, manage and control the epidemic - with support from the Lagos State Government.
- 15. Cowen JAVMA 2006
- 16. Central Question: Does information sharing and the use of ‘informal’ or unofficial sources speed up the detection of emerging diseases? ProMED founders: Stephen Morse, Jack Woodall, Barbara Hatch Rosenberg in a 1999 photo. ProMED – mail Editorial Team, 2009 The Organizational Design and Potential for a Multidisciplinary South -South and Triangular Dialogues Third ProMED – Mail Editorial Team, 2006
- 18. One Health Approach to Solve Complex Problems and Improve Livelihoods at the Human-Livestock-Wildlife Interface
- 19. Ruaha Landscape of Tanzania PI Ihefu Wetland
- 20. Ruaha Landscape of Tanzania – in 20th century
- 21. Water Scarcity – sharing of resources Pre-1993: Year round flow of Great Ruaha 2005: 119 days of no flow Mtera Dam meter gauge - 2005 22 Aug 1991 322 km2 21 July 2000 153 km2 2-9 Feb 2006 84 km2 Declining wet lands Increasing Water Scarcity …21st century
- 22. Identifying the Problem Model • Pastoralist interviews • Field visits • Pre-project stake holder workshop Stakeholder-Research Partnership Humans LivestockWildlife ONE HEALTH
- 23. HALI Project – Approach Pastoralist household surveys, workshops, & focus groups Livestock sampling Wildlife sampling Water sampling Disease Data Health and economic impact of disease Recommendations for disease prevention Recommendations for water management TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING Socioeconomic Data
- 24. HALI Project – Livestock Disease Slaughtered animals • 170 cattle and 58 shoats • 18% M. bovis – Both cattle & shoats Live cattle • BTB reactor prevalence = 2% (n=1350 cattle) • Herd BTB reactor prevalence = 18% (18/102 households) • Herd BTB prevalence w/ suspects = 28% (28/102 households) • Brucella seropositve = 7% (88/1334 cattle) • Herd Brucella seropositive = 42% (39/93 households) Photo: HALI
- 25. HALI Project – Wildlife Disease BTB Samples collected in 2006/2007 through mid- 2009 11/70 (15.7%) positive for BTB via culture 2 impala, 1 buffalo, 1 lesser kudu Brucella 1/27 (4%) tested to date seropositive Only seropositive animal was the BTB infected buffalo
- 26. HALI Project – Potential BTB Transmission Animal spp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4 Buffalo 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 9 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 0 0 Impala 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 Lesser kudu 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Cow 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
- 27. HALI Project – Water Sampling Cryptosporidium oocyst Giardia oocyst Note: • Heaviest protozoa burden in water source frequented by humans and livestock Detection of water borne parasites: • Giardia • Cryptosporidium
- 28. HALI Project – Water Sampling 571bp 244bp M 14 15 16 17 18 19 C2 C3 C4 C5 Salmonella -virulence gene PCRs 19 Salmonella isolates characterized for relatedness using rapid PCR and virulence genes Isolations of enteric bacteria: • E. coli • Salmonella • Vibrio • Shigella
- 29. One Health Approach to Livelihood Improvement • HALI Project has demonstrated that when livestock and wildlife are in close proximity, diseases can have severe impacts on livelihoods and biodiversity, and may also affect human health. • These findings call for the One Health approach in intervening the challenges presented in ecosystems with interfaces between livestock, wildlife and humans. • Trade-offs are needed to balance the needs of people and their domestic animals with wildlife. • Disease control must consider natural resource use, cultural or indigenous practices, and perceptions.
- 30. The Environmental Component of the One Health Approach: An Expanded Paradigm Michael S. Bisesi, PhD, REHS, CIH Senior Associate Dean, College of Public Health Chairman (interim), Environmental Health Science Director, Center for Public Health Practice Ohio State University USA
- 31. Some Emerging Certainties in Developing Countries. . . Historically and currently there has been more focus on pathogenic organisms and vectors and associated communicable infectious diseases. . . With growing economic development, transportation, and industrialization, there are expanding needs to address non-communicable diseases, including those attributable to toxic chemical exposures. . .
- 32. EXAMPLE: “Ambient” Environment . . .
- 33. EXAMPLE: “Occupational” Environment Abattoir to Tannery
- 34. . . . and, “contamination” from “occupational” to “ambient” environments. . .
- 35. Physical (Energy) Agents: - Toxic Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation - Noise - Illumination Chemical Agents: - Toxic Inorganic and Organic Elements or Compounds Biological Agents: - Infectious, Allergenic, or Intoxicating Organisms EXTERNAL EXPOSURES Psychological Agents: - Distress
- 36. Environmental Quality Air Wate r Food Soil n Health c o n t a m i n a n t s c o n t a m i n a n t s c o n t a m i n a n t s Human Health Animal Health Michael Bisesi, PhD 2014
- 37. Impacting Resulting in Environmental Controls Engineering/Technology Regulations , Policies, and Guidelines Management Practices Community Education Which Drive Societal Processes Political Legal Economic Ethical Personal / Group Responses Emotional/social reactions to -real and perceived hazards/risks/effects Environmental Agents Physical Chemical Biological Environmental Matrices/ Pathways Air Water Soil Food Surfaces Sources of Environmental Agents Natural Anthropogenic Human and Animal Receivers’ Exposures/Impacts Exposures - External - Internal Transmissible? Effects Release What kind of agent is it? Where does the agent come from? Where does the agent go? Distribution Movement through and/or storage in media Agents changed in and/or eliminated from media Vector? Vehicle? How does the agent get to humans and animals? What are the possible effects on the health of the people and animals? How do people respond to the effects or possible effects? What do people do to get the issue addressed? How is the issue addressed? Environmental Health Science Model (revised for One Health Approach Reference: NIH-NIEHS Project Excite - C. Keil and M. Bisesi Enter Move/Change
- 38. Physical (Energy) Agents: - Toxic Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation - Noise - Illumination Chemical Agents: - Toxic Inorganic and Organic Elements or Compounds Biological Agents: - Infectious, Allergenic, or Intoxicating Organisms EXTERNAL EXPOSURE EFFECTS INTERNAL EXPOSURE Human Health & Animal Health Psychological Agents: - Distress
- 39. Dr. Michael S. Bisesi One Health Approach Improved Global Health Environmental Health Sciences Environmental Quality: Control pathogen and toxicant contamination of air, water, soil and food; and, related exposures to humans and animals
- 40. Brazilian Experience in One Health: ICOPHAI - One Health for Sustainable Development Mateus Matiuzzi Federal University of São Francisco Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- 42. • Tuberculosis • Malaria • Infectious diarrhea • Rabies • Leishmaniasis • Chagas Diseases • Dengue • Leptospirosis • Schistosomiasis Zoonosis and Vector Borne Diseases
- 44. Participants • 275 researchers were enrolled from more than 40 countries; • 55 in the pre-congress activities, • Scientists • Ministries/ Policy-Makers • Intergovernmental Organizations- FAO • Ungraduate students, • Post-graduate students • Professionals
- 45. Subjects Pre-Congress (August, 11 to 14 of 2013): Molecular Epidemiology and Applications in Foodborne, Nosocomial and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Global Significance
- 46. Congress (August, 14 to 17 of 2013): One Health for Sustainable Development
- 47. • ONE HEALTH AND META-LEADERSHIP: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS • VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOSES AND IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH • EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THE ROLE OF WILDLIFE • DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE • FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE DISEASES • GENOMICS AND MOLECULAR DETECTION SYSTEMS • ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND GLOBAL IMPACT • IMMUNOLOGY, HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Thematic areas
- 48. Scientific Presentations 301 Abstracts 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oral Pôster
- 49. 3rd ICOPHAI- Thailand Countries with Abstracts Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Colombia, Cote D’ Ivoire, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda and United States of America
- 50. Thematic areas 1. One Health and Meta-Leadership 2. Vector-borne; Emerging Zoonoses and Wildlife 3. Antimicrobial alternatives, Drug Development and Resistance 4. Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases 5. Genomics and Rapid Detection Systems 6. Immunology and Vaccine Development
- 51. Opportunities • Multidisciplinarity • Government agencies
- 53. Ohio State-Ethiopia One Health Partnership
- 55. Capable professionals, healthy public!
- 56. Capacity Building TrainingService LearningResearch- MERS
- 57. Innovation Zoonotic TB- Rapid Diagnostics Control Sample 5+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 4+ 3+ 2+ 1+ 0 0 200100 50 10 5 1 0.5 0.10.050.010.0050.001 0.00050.0001 0 0 1 2 3 Spiked M.tb H37Rv LAM (mg/ml) SampleBandInt D Sample Band Intensity: + ++ +++ ++++ +++++ 0 1 2 3 4 5 Urine Spiked LAM (0.005mg/ml) SampleBandIntensity Rv Ra Erd 878 No a-mannosidase a-mannosidase Rv Ra Erd / + 878 - / + a-mannosidase Control Sample - / + - / + - / + 200100 50 10 5 1 0.5 0.10.050.010.0050.001 0.00050.0001 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Spiked M.tb H37Rv LAM (mg/ml) B SampleBandIntensity Detection as low as 500 pg/ml (1+) Sample Band Intensity: + ++ +++ ++++ +++++ Spiked LAM 05mg/ml) a Erd 878 No a-mannosidase a-mannosidase A B SampleBandIntensity SampleBandIntensity C SampleBandIntensity
- 60. Outreach and Resource Stewardship for cancer screening and treatment access
- 61. Technology efficient and transformative partnership