![49. In our mind’s eye, Horatio. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.
Warton. Thomas Warton (1728–1790). See vol. V. Lectures on the
English Poets, p. 120 and note.
50. At every fall. Milton, Comus, 251.
51. Nod to him, elves. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1.
The breezy call. Gray’s Elegy written in a Country Churchyard.
52. Air [shape] and gesture proudly eminent. Paradise Lost, Book I.
590.
53. It is place which lessens. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.
54. Sigh our souls. Merchant of Venice, Act V. Sc. 1.
Snyders. Franz Snyders (1579–1657), of Antwerp, painter of hunting
scenes.
55. Of the earth, earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47.
We think it had better not be seen. The Magazine article adds:—‘We
never very much liked this picture; but that may probably be our
fault.’
PICTURES AT WILTON, STOURHEAD, Etc.
From The London Magazine, October 1823.
The article ends with the words:—‘Blenheim in our next, which will
conclude this series of articles.’
Note. The author of Vathek. William Beckford (1759–1844), whose
romance was written in French in 1781–1782, translated
anonymously into English in 1784, and published in French in 1787.
57. Ranged in a row. ‘Ranged o’er the chimney, glistened in a row,’
Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, 236.
58. Keep their state. Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act V. Sc. 2.
Burke’s description of the age of chivalry. Reflections on the
Revolution in France, Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-43-320.jpg)
![The mood of lutes [flutes]. Paradise Lost, Book I. 551.
Mount on barbed steeds, etc. Cf. ‘Mounting barbed steeds.’ King
Richard III., Act I. Sc. 1. and,
‘Witch the world with noble horsemanship.’
1 King Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 1.
The Goose Gibbie. See Old Mortality.
59. Of all men the most miserable. 1 Cor. xv. 19.
Above all pain. Pope’s Epistle to Robert, Earl of Oxford.
Berchem. See ante, note to p. 22.
Hath a devil. S. Luke vii. 33.
60. Mieris. A family of Delft and Leyden painters, the best known of
whom are Frans van Mieris, one of twenty-three children (1635–
1681), the ‘prince of Dou’s pupils,’ and William van Mieris, his son
(1662–1747).
The porcelain of Franguestan. ‘Vathek voluptuously reposed in his
capacious litter upon cushions of silk, with two little pages beside
him of complexions more fair than the enamel of Franguistan.’ The
description is commented on in a note which explains that they were
Circassian boy-slaves.
Sir Richard Colt Hoare. Historian of Wiltshire (1758–1838).
61. Tempt but to betray.
Cf. ‘Whose fruit though fair, tempts only to destroy.’
Cowper, The Progress of Error, 238.
PAGE
61. Trace his footsteps.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-44-320.jpg)
![Cf. ‘Where shall I seek
His bright appearances, or footstep trace?
For, though I fled him angry, yet, recalled
To life prolonged and promised race, I now
Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts
Of glory, and far-off his steps adore.’
Paradise Lost, XI. 328.
Though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300.
Of the court, courtly. Cf. ‘Of the earth, earthy.’ 1 Cor. xv. 47.
PICTURES AT BURLEIGH HOUSE
From the New Monthly Magazine, vol. IV., 1822, Table Talk, No. IV.
62. And dull [dead] cold winter. The Two Noble Kinsmen, Act II. Sc.
1.
Faded to the light. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality.
Ways were mire. Milton, Sonnet XX.
63. And still walking under. See ante, note to p. 10.
I was brutish [beastly] like, warlike as the wolf. Cymbeline, Act III.
Sc. 3.
Paul Potter. Of Enkhuizen (1625–1654), animal painter.
64. To see the sun to bed. Lamb, John Woodvil, Act II.
Hunt half a day. Wordsworth’s Hart-Leap Well, Part II.
65. Humbled by such rebuke. Paradise Lost, VI. 342.
And in its liquid texture. Ibid., VI. 348–9.
Inimitable on earth. Ibid., III. 508.
66. Hesperian fable true. Ibid., IV. 250.
Dream of a Painter. See Northcote’s Varieties on Art in his Memoirs
of Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc. (1813–1815), p. xvi. See also vol. I. The
Round Table, note to Guido, p. 162.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-45-320.jpg)
![All eyes shall see me. Cf. Isaiah xlv. 22–23 and Romans xiv. 11.
70. Clappeth his wings, and straightway he is gone. Cf. Pope, Eloisa
to Abelard, 74:
‘Spreads his light wings, and in a moment flies.’
Majestic, though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300.
Giuseppe Ribera. Josef Ribera (1588–1656), of San Felipe, near
Valencia, a pupil of Caravaggio and leader of the realist school of his
time.
71. Lucid mirror. Cowper, The Task, I. 701.
And fast by hanging in a golden chain. Paradise Lost, II. 1051.
In form resembling a goose pie. Cf. ‘A thing resembling a goose-pie,’
Swift, Vanburgh’s House, l. 104.
The old Duchess of Marlborough. Sarah Churchill, née Jennings
(1660–1744), wife of John, 1st Duke of Marlborough.
72. Leave stings. Cf. ‘Would leave a sting within a brother’s heart.’
Young, Love of Fame, Sat. II. 113.
73. Sure never were seen. Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act II.
Sc. 2. [Other horses are clowns.] See vol. I. The Round Table, p. 150.
Mr. T. Moore’s ‘Loves of the Angels.’ Published Jan. 1, 1823.
75. As if increase of appetite. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.
We are ignorance itself. 1 King Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 1.
CRITICISM ON HOGARTH’S MARRIAGE A-
LA-MODE
See vol. I. The Round Table, pp. 25 et seq., and notes thereto.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-47-320.jpg)
![93. Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease. Goldsmith, The
Traveller, 41–2.
CHAPTER II
September 17
94. Bidding the lovely scenes. Collins, Ode on the Passions.
98. The pomp of groves. Beattie, The Minstrel, I. 9.
99. Note. Gil Blas’s Supper. Cf. Book I. chap. 2.
Note. Chateaubriand ... On the Censorship. François René, Vicomte
de Chateaubriand’s (1768–1848) phase of politics between 1824 and
1830 was one of Liberalism. His writings in the Journal des Débats
and elsewhere caused the Chamber to abandon its proposed law
against the press.
100. Swinging slow with sullen roar. Il Penseroso, 76.
CHAPTER III
September 24
102. My tables. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.
103. Like the fat weed. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.
105. Exhalation [steam] of rich-distilled perfumes. Milton, Comus,
556.
106. Let their discreet hearts believe [think] it. Othello, Act II. Sc. 1.
CHAPTER IV.
September 28](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-49-320.jpg)
![106. First and last and midst. Paradise Lost, v. 165.
Worn them as a rich jewel. Hazlitt quotes from himself. See vol. VI.,
Table Talk, p. 174.
Thrown into the pit. Cf. Genesis xxxvii. 24.
School calleth unto School. Psalm xlii. 7: ‘deep calleth to deep.’
107. My theme [shame] in crowds. Goldsmith, The Deserted Village,
412.
Brave o’er-hanging firmament. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.
Hang upon the beatings of my heart. Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey.
Stood the statue that enchants the world. Thomson, The Seasons,
Summer, 1347.
There was old Proteus. Altered from Wordsworth’s Sonnet, ‘The
world is too much with us.’
Sit squat, like a toad. Paradise Lost, IV. 800.
108. The death of the King. Louis XVIII. of France died in September
1824.
Sir Thomas Lawrence. Portrait-painter (1769–1830).
109. To cure [drive] all sadness but despair. Paradise Lost, IV. 156.
Verdurous wall of Paradise. Ibid., IV. 143.
In darkness visible. Ibid., I. 63.
Hulling. ‘Hull on the flood.’ Ibid., XI. 840.
Blind with rain.
Cf. ‘When the chill rain begins at shut of eve
In dull November, and their chancel vault,
The Heaven itself, is blinded throughout night.’
Keats’s Hyperion, II. 36–38.
Lord Byron ... Heaven and Earth. Sc. III.
PAGE
110. Le Brun. See ante, note to p. 25.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-50-320.jpg)
![Sebastian Bourdon. French painter and engraver (1616–1671). He
was one of the twelve artists who founded the Academy of Painting
and Sculpture in 1648.
Le Sueur. Eustache Le Sueur (1616–1655), French historical painter,
also one of the twelve (see above). He is one of the greatest of French
painters, and is often called the French Raphael.
Philip Champagne. Philippe de Champaigne (1602–1674), of the
French school of historical and portrait painting, though of Brussels
birth. He was one of the first members of the Academy, worked for
Cardinal Richelieu, and was greatest as a portrait painter.
David. See ante, note to p. 30.
Daniel Volterra. Daniele Ricciarelli, or Daniele da Volterra from the
place of his birth (1509–1566), the friend of Michael Angelo, who
aided him in his chief work, the frescoes in the Capella Orsini, Trinità
de Monti, Rome.
111. Weenix. Jan Weenix (1640–1719), of Amsterdam, noted for his
painting of dead game.
Wouvermans. See ante, note to p. 21.
Ruysdael. See ante, note to p. 22.
Non equidem invideo, miror magis. Virgil, Eclogues, I. 11.
112. Thick as the autumnal leaves. Paradise Lost, I. 303.
113. Founded as the rock. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
Coop’d [cribb’d] and cabin’d. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
CHAPTER V
October 5. No. VI. (October 6) in the newspaper, begins at the
paragraph ‘The ordinary prejudice,’ etc., on p. 118.
If the French have a fault. A Sentimental Journey. Character,
Versailles.
115. Jump at. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-51-320.jpg)
![116. The finest line in Racine. ‘Je crains Dieu, cher Abner, et n’ai
point d’autre crainte.’ Athalie, Act I. Sc. 1.
118. Pleas’d with a feather [rattle]. Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. II. 275.
Marmontel’s Tales. Jean Francois Marmontel’s (1723–1799), Contes
Moraux (1761), of which several editions have appeared in English.
119. Quickens, even with blowing. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2.
The melancholy of Moorditch. 1 King Henry IV., Act I. Sc. 2.
120. Rousseau’s Emilius. Published 1762.
La Place. Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749–1827), the great
astronomer and mathematician.
Lavoisier. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794), the founder of
modern chemistry: he was guillotined in the Revolution.
Cuvier. Leopold Christian Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier, better known as
Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), the great zoologist and reformer in
Education.
Houdon. Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741–1828), one of the greatest of
French sculptors. Of his statue of St. Bruno, the founder of the
Carthusian order, Pope Clement XIV. said that ‘it would speak were
it not for the Carthusian rule of silence.’
121. Laborious foolery. Cf. vol. VIII. p. 554, Hazlitt’s letter to The
Morning Chronicle on Modern Comedy.
Horace Vernet. Emile Jean Horace Vernet (1789–1863), the ‘Paul
Delaroche of military painting.’
122. Good haters. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, note to p. 180.
PAGE
CHAPTER VI
October 8. Numbered VI. in the newspaper, but see ante, note to
chapter V.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-52-320.jpg)
![gigantic size of his pictures and figures.
CHAPTER VII
October 22. Numbered VIII.
Those faultless monsters which the art [world]. From the Essay on
Poetry of John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham.
Hand-writing on the wall. Daniel v. 5.
130. Vice to be hated. Pope, Essay on Man, II. 217–18.
131. Girodet. Anne Louis Girodet-De-Roussy-Trioson (1767–1824),
French historical painter. The picture ‘Endymion’ is one of his best
known works.
132. Mezentius. See the Æneid, VIII. 485.
Quod sic mihi ostendis. Horace, Ars Poet., 188.
With hideous ruin. Paradise Lost, I. 46.
Accumulated horror.
‘On horror’s head horrors accumulate.’
Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
PAGE
133. It out-herods Herod. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.
Note. Dip it in the ocean. A Sentimental Journey, The Wig, Paris.
Note. Perilous stuff that weighs upon the heart. Macbeth, Act V. Sc.
3.
136. Like stars, shoot madly [start] from their spheres. Hamlet, Act
I. Sc. 5.
Paul Guerin. Paulin Jean Baptiste Guérin, French portrait and
historical painter (1783–1855); his chief work is the one of which
Hazlitt speaks.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-54-320.jpg)
![137. La Thiere. Guillaume Gillon Lethière, French historical painter
(1760–1832), of Creole birth (Guadeloupe). At one time he was
considered David’s rival.
The human face divine. Paradise Lost, III. 44.
Ducis. Louis Ducis (1773–1847), a pupil of David.
138. Magnis excidit ausis. Ovid, Met. II. 328.
CHAPTER VIII
October 23. Numbered IX.
Captain Parry. Captain, afterwards Sir William Edward Parry
(1790–1855), explorer of the North-West Passage.
139. Note. Painful scene in Evelina. Letter XXV.
142. Note. My old acquaintance (Dr. Stoddart). Sir John Stoddart
(1773–1856), Hazlitt’s brother-in-law. He was knighted in 1826.
144. Mutually reflected charities. Burke, Select Works, ed. Payne, II.
40.
Note. In the manner of Swift. Add, from the newspaper:—‘So
accomplished an equestrian (thought I) might ascend a throne with
popularity and effect! It was not the first or the last time in my life I
have been rebuked for glancing a sceptical eye at the same sort of
grave masquerading.—Cucullus non facit Monachum. It was but the
other day that I was called to account for having hinted that a
subscriber to The Sentinel,[60]
and a patron and prime mover in
Blackwood, is not one of the best and greatest characters of the age;
or that, if so, then a tool of power, a party-bigot, and a suborner of
private slander, in support of public wrong, is one of the best and
greatest characters of the age. Mr. Blackwood should take care how
he implicates any really respectable character by defending it. The
worst ever supposed of the author of Waverley was, that there was a
clandestine understanding between him and Mr. Blackwood—
through Sir Walter Scott! The Ned Christian[61]
compliment turns
upon this. Mr. Taylor of Fleet-street, need not have disavowed the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-55-320.jpg)
![Monsieur Potier. Charles Potier (1775–1838), comic actor.
154. Brunet. Jean-Joseph Mira, called Brunet (1766–1851).
Talma. François Joseph Talma (1763–1826), one of the greatest of
French tragic actors.
Mademoiselle Georges. Marguerite-Joséphine Weimer, otherwise
Georges (1787–1867), one of the most famous actresses of her day,
beautiful, haughty, and wayward.
PAGE
154. Madame Paradol. Anne-Catherine-Lucinde Prévost-Paradol
(1798–1843).
Mademoiselle Duchesnois. Catherine-Joseph Rufuin, otherwise
Duchesnois (1777–1835), classical tragédienne. She was an intimate
friend of Talma, and has been considered his equal. The rivalry
between her and the beautiful Mlle. Georges extended to their
respective admirers and to the press.
CHAPTER X
October 26. Numbered XI.
157. Inigo Jones. The architect of Lincoln’s Inn Chapel, the
banqueting-house at Whitehall, St. Paul’s Church, Covent-Garden,
etc. (1573–1652).
The famous passage in Burke. A Letter to a Noble Lord (Works,
Bohn, V. 137).
Mr. Jerdan. William Jerdan (1782–1869), editor of the Tory Sun
(1813–1817), and then associated for many years with the Literary
Gazette.
The painful warrior. Shakespeare, Sonnet XXV.
159. What though the radiance. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of
Immortality [taken from my sight.... Of splendour in the grass, of
glory in the flower.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-58-320.jpg)
![The burden and the mystery. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey.
The worst ... returns to good. Cf. ‘the worst returns to laughter,’ King
Lear, Act IV. Sc. 1.
And bring with thee [and add to these] retired Leisure. Il Penseroso,
49.
Nature to advantage drest. Pope, Essay on Criticism, Part II. 97.
Paradise of dainty devices. The name given to a collection of poems
published 1576 and various times later.
The Frenchman’s darling. Cowper, The Task, IV. 765.
161. With glistering spires. Paradise Lost, III. 550.
Low farms and [poor] pelting villages. King Lear, Act II. Sc. 3.
162. But let thy spiders. King Richard II., Act III. Sc. 2 [treacherous
feet ... thy sovereign’s enemies].
Bear the beating of so strong a passion. Twelfth Night, Act II. Sc. 4.
CHAPTER XI
November 2. Numbered XII.
163. I also am a painter. See Vasari’s Lives (ed. Blashfield and
Hopkins), III. 32, note 28.
Roubilliac. Louis Francis Roubilliac (d. 1762). See vol. VII. The Plain
Speaker, p. 89 and note thereto.
164. Bernini. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), painter,
sculptor, and architect, the Michael Angelo of his day.
And when I think that his immortal wings. Heaven and Earth, Part
I. Scene 1.
165. Thinly scattered to make up a shew. Romeo and Juliet, Act V.
Sc. 1.
The Chevalier Canova. Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (1757–
1822) was commissioned by the Roman Government in 1815, after](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-59-320.jpg)
![the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, to recover the art treasures that
had been taken to France.
Note. He heard it. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV. 141.
166. Vestris. Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi, Madame Vestris (1797–
1856), the famous actress, subsequently wife of the younger
Mathews. See vol. VIII. A View of the English Stage, p. 327 and note.
167. Razzi. Giovanni Antonio dei Razzi of Piedmont (1477–1549).
Cortot. Jean Pierre Cortot (1787–1843). The Virgin and Child was
painted for the Cathedral of Arras.
PAGE
167. Espercieux. Jean Joseph Espercieux (1758–1840).
Chaudet. Antoine Denis Chaudet (1763–1810).
168. Gayrard. Raymond Gayrard (1777–1858).
CHAPTER XII
November 4. Numbered XIII
170. The upturned eyes of wondering mortals. Romeo and Juliet,
Act II. Sc. 2.
His Devin du Village. Rousseau’s opera (1753), now best known
because of the air in it called ‘Rousseau’s Dream.’
171. Derivis. Henri Etienne Dérivis (1780–1856), operatic singer,
renowned for his powerful bass voice.
It is my vice to spy into abuses. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
173. Non sat[is] est pulchra poemata esse, dulcia sunto. Horace, Ars
Poet., 99.
174. Madame Le Gallois. Amélie-Marie-Antoinette Legallois, born
1804. She was a favourite dancer for many years, and retired about
1839.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-60-320.jpg)
![Nina. An Italian opera, produced at Naples, May 1787. See vol. VII.
The Plain Speaker, p. 325.
Oh for a beaker full of the warm South. Keats, Ode to a Nightingale.
Gazza Ladra. A comic opera by Rossini, produced 1817.
Mombelli. Esther Mombelli (b. 1794).
Pellegrini. Félix Pellegrini (1774–1832).
175. The Maid and the Magpie. See vol. VII. A View of the English
Stage, pp. 244, 279.
CHAPTER XIII
April 5, 1825. Numbered XIV
Note. Madame Pasta. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 324, et seq.
176. In summer shade [yield him], in winter fire. Pope, Ode on
Solitude.
Maritorneses. From the name of the servant wench in Don Quixote,
who had hair like a horse’s tail.
177. A thing of life. Byron’s Corsair, Canto I. 3.
Fit for speed succinct. Paradise Lost, III. 643.
Mark how a plain tale shall put them down. 1 King Henry IV., Act II.
Sc. 4.
178. Dr. S. Dr. Stoddart. See ante, note to p. 142.
Famous poet’s pen. Cf. Spenser’s Verses to the Earl of Essex.
182. M. Martine’s Death of Socrates. Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat
de Lamartine’s (1791–1869) work was published in 1823.
A nation of shopkeepers. See vol. I. The Round Table, note to p. 150.
M. de la Place. Pierre Antoine de la Place (1707–1793) translated
Tom Jones. The third edition of 1751 is in the British Museum.
183. L. H. Leigh Hunt.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-61-320.jpg)
![CHAPTER XIV
April 6. Numbered XV
Devoutly to be wished. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.
184. Honest sonsie bawsont face. Burns, The Twa Dogs.
The icy fang and season’s difference. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 1.
Mr. Theodore Hook. Theodore Edward Hook (1788–1841), novelist
and political writer, the Lucian Gay of ‘Coningsby,’ and editor of the
Tory ‘John Bull’ newspaper.
PAGE
186. Here was sympathy. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II. Sc. 1.
De Stutt—Tracey’s ‘Idéologie.’ Antoine Louis Claude Comte Destutt
de Tracy’s (1754–1836), Élémens d’Idéologie was published in 1817–
1818.
Mignet’s French Revolution. François-Auguste-Marie Mignet’s
(1796–1884) Histoire de la Révolution Française was published in
1824.
Sayings and Doings. Nine novels of Theodore Hook, published
1826–1829.
Irving’s Orations. Probably Edward Irving’s Four Orations for the
Oracles of God, published in 1823, a third edition of which was
issued in the following year. Cf. vol. iv. The Spirit of the Age, p. 228.
The Paris edition of ‘Table Talk.’ See vol. VI. Bibliographical Note to
Table Talk.
187. Note. Mr. Canning’s ‘faithlessness.’ He had the reputation for
preferring devious paths. ‘I said of him “that his mind’s-eye
squinted,”’ wrote Croker to Lord Brougham, March 1839. See the
Croker Papers, vol. II. p. 352.
Note. Like that ensanguined [sanguine] flower. Lycidas, 106.
Note. Francesco Guicciardini’s (1483–1540), History of Italy from
1494–1532.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-62-320.jpg)
![Note. Enrico Caterino Davila (1576–1631) of Padua, author of a
History of the Civil Wars of France.
190. The merit of the death of Hotspur. 1 King Henry IV., Act V. Sc.
4.
He who relished. i.e., Rousseau.
The Magdalen Muse of Mr. Moore. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p.
368.
191. Where Alps o’er [on] Alps arise. Pope, Essay on Criticism, II. 32.
This fortress, built by nature. King Richard II., Act II. Sc. 1.
Nodded to him. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1.
193. Hemskirk. Maerten van Veen of Heemskerk, near Haarlem
(1498–1574), a follower of Michael Angelo.
Kean. Edmund Kean (1787–1833).
194. With cautious haste [wanton heed] and giddy cunning.
L’Allegro, 141.
CHAPTER XV
July 15. Numbered XVI
196. A gentle usher; Authority [husher, vanity] by name. The Faerie
Queene I., iv. 13.
197. Teres et rotundus. Horace, Sat. II. 7.
Spagnoletto. Josef or Jusepe de Ribera, otherwise Lo Spagnoletto
(1588–1656), of Spanish birth, whose chief work was done in Naples.
His subjects are generally delineations of scourgings and other
scenes of torture. See ante, note to p. 70.
200. With marriageable arms. Paradise Lost, V. 217.
To-morrow to fresh fields [woods]. Lycidas, 193.
Mr. Crabbe. George Crabbe (1754–1832).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-63-320.jpg)
![202. Serious in mortality. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.
203. Methought she looked at us—So everyone believes that sees a
Duchess!—Old Play. Perhaps Hazlitt had in mind the following lines
from Middleton’s Women Beware Women, Act I. Sc. 3.
Bian. ‘Did not the duke look up? methought he saw us.
Mother. That’s every one’s conceit that sees a duke.’
Mengs. Anton Rafael Mengs (1728–1779), of Bohemian birth, best
known by his fresco paintings.
PAGE
204. The sense aches at them. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2.
205. John of Bologna. Born at Douai about 1524, died 1608, the
greatest Italian sculptor, architect, and worker in bronze, after the
death of Michael Angelo.
Professor Mezzofanti. Joseph Caspar Mezzofanti (1771–1848), who
was created Cardinal in 1838, and who claimed to be able to express
himself in seventy-eight languages.
Giotto. Giotto di Bondone (1266–76—1337), the inspirer of
naturalistic painting in Italy.
Ghirlandaio. Domenico Bigordi (1449–1494), generally called
Ghirlandaio, the Garland-maker (his father was a goldsmith), one of
the greatest artists in his time, and the teacher of Michael Angelo.
206. Note. Dr. Gall. John Joseph Gall, the phrenologist (1758–1828).
See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 17 et seq. and 137 et seq.
207. By their works [fruits]. S. Matthew vii. 20.
CHAPTER XVI
July 22. Numbered XVII
And when she spake. The Faerie Queene, II., II. 24.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-64-320.jpg)
![234. Though Mr. Hobhouse has written Annotations. John Cam
Hobhouse, Baron Broughton de Gifford (1786–1869). See his
Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of ‘Childe Harold,’
containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome, PAGE
and an Essay on Italian Literature, 1818, and the Notes to the Canto
in Byron’s Poetical Works.
234. He hears it not. Byron, Childe Harold, IV. cxli. with sundry
alterations.
236. So sit two Kings of Brentford. Cowper, The Task, I. 78.
237. Youthful poets dream of [fancy] when they love. Rowe’s Fair
Penitent, Act III. Sc. 1.
Julia de Roubigne. A novel by Henry Mackenzie, the ‘Man of
Feeling,’ (1745–1831), published 1777.
Miss Milner. The heroine of Mrs. Elizabeth Inchbald’s (1753–1821)
novel, A Simple Story (1791).
238. Guercino. See ante, note to p. 25.
Garofolo. Benvenuto Tisi, called Garofolo from his birth-place
(1481–1559). His best works are to be seen at Ferrara.
239. Gaspar Poussin. See ante, note to p. 14.
Ariosto. Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533), the author of Orlando
Furioso.
Pietro da Cartona. Pietro Berrettini of Cartoni (1596–1669). The
ceiling of the grand saloon of the Palazzo Barberini is his; it is
generally recognised as one of the greatest accomplishments of
decorative art.
240. Andrea Sacchi. A Roman painter (d. 1661). His greatest work is
the ‘St. Romuald with his Monks’ in the Vatican.
CHAPTER XX
242. Scribe. Eugène Scribe (1791–1861).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/68199-250322121847-2bb62843/85/Engineering-Fundamentals-and-Problem-Solving-8th-Edition-Arvid-R-Eide-68-320.jpg)
Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 8th Edition Arvid R. Eide
- 1. Read Anytime Anywhere Easy Ebook Downloads at ebookmeta.com Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 8th Edition Arvid R. Eide https://ebookmeta.com/product/engineering-fundamentals-and- problem-solving-8th-edition-arvid-r-eide/ OR CLICK HERE DOWLOAD EBOOK Visit and Get More Ebook Downloads Instantly at https://ebookmeta.com
- 3. Page i Engineering Fundamentals & Problem Solving Arvid R. Eide Iowa State University Steven K. Mickelson Iowa State University Cheryl L. Eide Iowa State University Roland D. Jenison Iowa State University Larry L. Northup Iowa State University Eighth Edition
- 5. Page ii ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS AND PROBLEM SOLVING Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright ©2023 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LKV 27 26 25 24 23 22 ISBN 978-1-265-14055-7 MHID 1-265-14055-3 Cover Image: Liu zishan/Shutterstock All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill
- 6. LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. mheducation.com/highered
- 7. Page iii Contents 1 The Engineering Profession 1.1 An Engineering Career 1.2 The Technology Team 1.3 The Engineering Profession 1.4 The Engineering Functions 1.5 The Engineering Disciplines 1.6 Conclusion 2 Education for Engineering 2.1 Education for Engineering 2.2 The Engineer as a Professional 2.3 Conclusion 3 Introduction to Engineering Design 3.1 An Introduction to Engineering Design 3.2 The Design Process
- 8. 3.3 Design and the Customer 3.4 The Nature of Engineering Design 3.5 Experiencing the Design Process in Education 3.6 Design Opportunities and Challenges of the Future 4 Engineering Solutions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Problem Analysis 4.3 The Engineering Method 4.4 Problem Presentation 4.5 Standards of Problem Presentation 5 Representation of Technical Information 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Collecting and Recording Data 5.3 General Graphing Procedures 5.4 Empirical Functions 5.5 Curve Fitting 5.6 Method of Selected Points and Least Squares 5.7 Empirical Equations: Linear 5.8 Empirical Equations: Power Curves 5.9 Empirical Equations: Exponential Curves Page iv
- 9. 6 Engineering Measurements and Estimations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Measurements: Accuracy and Precision 6.3 Measurements: Significant Digits 6.4 Errors 6.5 Estimations 7 Dimensions, Units, and Conversions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Progress in the United States toward Metrification 7.3 Physical Quantities 7.4 Dimensions 7.5 Units 7.6 SI Units and Symbols 7.7 Rules for Using SI Units 7.8 U.S. Customary and Engineering Systems 7.9 Conversion of Units 7.10 Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Absolute Scales 8 Introduction to Engineering Economics 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Simple and Compound Interest 8.3 Cash-Flow Diagram 8.4 Present Worth and Future Worth
- 10. 8.5 Annual Worth and Gradients 8.6 Summary Table 9 Economics: Decision Making 9.1 Economic Decision Making 9.2 Depreciation and Taxes 10 Statistics 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Frequency Distribution 10.3 Measures of Central Tendency 10.4 Measures of Variation 10.5 Linear Regression 10.6 Coefficient of Correlation Page v 11 Inferential Statistics and Decision Making 11.1 Inferential Statistics 11.2 Experimental Design 11.3 Sampling 11.4 Use of Various Distributions 11.5 Level of Significance and Confidence Intervals 12 Mechanics: Statics
- 11. 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Scalars and Vectors 12.3 Forces 12.4 Types of Force Systems 12.5 Transmissibility 12.6 Resolution of Forces 12.7 Moments 12.8 Free-Body Diagrams 12.9 Equilibrium 13 Mechanics: Strength of Materials 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Stress 13.3 Strain 13.4 Modulus of Elasticity 13.5 Design Stress 13.6 Stress Concentration 14 Material Balance 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Conservation of Mass 14.3 Processes 14.4 A Systematic Approach 15 Energy Sources and Alternatives
- 12. 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Fossil Fuels 15.3 Finite Supply of Fossil Fuels 15.4 Major Areas of Energy Consumption in the United States 15.5 Alternate Energy Sources 16 Fundamental Energy Principles 16.1 Introduction to Thermodynamics 16.2 Stored Energy 16.3 Energy in Transit 16.4 First Law of Thermodynamics: The Conservation of Energy 16.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics 16.6 Efficiency 16.7 Power 16.8 Refrigeration Cycles Page vi 17 Electrical Theory 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Structure of Electricity 17.3 Static Electricity 17.4 Electric Current 17.5 Electric Potential
- 13. 17.6 Simple Electric Circuits 17.7 Resistance 17.8 DC Circuit Concepts 17.9 DC Electric Power 17.10 Terminal Voltage 17.11 Kirchhoff’s Laws 17.12 Mesh Currents 18 Flowcharts 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Flowcharting Appendices A. Part 1 Unit Conversions Part 2 Unit Prefixes Part 3 Physical Constants Part 4 Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities B. Greek Alphabet C. Chemical Elements D. NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers E. Areas under the Standard Normal Curve from 0 to z F. Part 1 Selected Algebra Topics Part 2 Selected Trigonometry Topics Answers to Selected Problems Index
- 15. Page vii Preface To the Student As you begin the study of engineering no doubt you are filled with enthusiasm, curiosity, and a desire to succeed. Your first year will be spent primarily in establishing a solid foundation in mathematics, basic sciences, and communications. Also, you will be introduced to selected engineering topics that will demonstrate how engineers approach problem solving, arrive at correct solutions, and interface with other engineering professionals and the general public to implement the solutions. You will see how mathematics, science, and communications provide the means to solve problems and convey the solutions in a manner that can be clearly understood and quickly verified by the appropriate persons. Next, you will discover the need for more in-depth study in many engineering subjects in order to solve increasingly complex problems. We believe the material presented in this book will provide you with a fundamental understanding of how engineers function in today’s technological world. After your study of topics in this text, we believe you will be eager to enter the advanced engineering subjects in your chosen discipline, confident that you will successfully achieve your educational goals. You will also find profiles of practicing engineers who were in your shoes a few years ago. They will show the result of your hard work will result in amazing careers. To the Instructor
- 16. Engineering courses for first-year students cover a wide range of topics from an overview of the engineering profession to discipline- specific subjects. A broad set of course goals, including coverage of prerequisite material, motivation, and retention, have spawned a variety of first-year activity. Courses in introductory engineering and problem solving routinely utilize spreadsheets and mathematical solvers in addition to teaching the rudiments of a computer language. The Internet has become a major instructional tool, providing a wealth of data to supplement your class notes and textbooks. This eighth edition continues the authors’ intent to introduce the profession of engineering and to provide students with many of the tools and techniques needed to succeed. The eighth edition of this text draws on the experiences the authors have encountered with the first seven editions and incorporates many excellent suggestions from faculty and students using the text. Over the past 40+ years the fundamentals of problem solving have remained nearly the same, but the numerical tools and presentation techniques have improved tremendously. Therefore our general objectives remain the same for this eighth edition, and we have concentrated on new and emerging problems like microplastics pollution and desalination of water for drinking and community use and improvements in the textual material. The objectives are (1) to motivate engineering students during their first year when exposure to the subject matter of engineering is limited, (2) to provide students with experience in solving problems in both SI and customary units while presenting solutions in a logical manner, (3) to introduce students to subject areas common to most engineering disciplines that require the application of fundamental engineering concepts, and (4) to develop students’ skills in solving open-ended problems. Page viii The material in this book is presented in a manner that allows each of you to emphasize certain aspects more than others without loss of continuity. In the eighth edition, new engineering graduate profiles have been added to help student understand better what an
- 17. engineer does and what recommendations they would have for a new engineering student. Modern engineering examples, data, and photos have been integrated throughout the chapters, and more problems have been added to Connect. The problems that follow most chapters vary in difficulty so that students can experience success rather quickly and still be challenged as problems become more complex. There is sufficient material in the 18 chapters for a three-credit semester course. By omitting some chapters and/or by varying coverage from term to term, you can present a sound introductory problem-solving course in two to four quarter credits or two semester credits. The book may be visualized as having three major sections. The first, encompassing the first three chapters, is an introduction to the engineering profession. Chapter 1 provides information on engineering disciplines and functions. If a formal orientation course is given separately, Chapter 1 can be simply a reading assignment and the basis for students to investigate disciplines of interest. Chapter 2 outlines the course of study and preparation for an engineering work environment. Interdisciplinary projects, teaming, and ethics are discussed. Chapter 3 is an introduction to the design process. If time permits, this material can be supplemented with case studies and your personal experiences to provide an interesting and motivating look at engineering. The second major section, Processing Engineering Data, includes materials we believe that all engineering students require in preparation for success in the engineering profession. Chapters 4 and 5 provide procedures for approaching an engineering problem, determining the necessary data and method of solution, and presenting the results. The authors have found that emphasis in this area will reap benefits when the material and problems become more difficult later. Chapters 6 and 7 include engineering estimations and dimensions and units (including both customary and SI units). Throughout the book discussions and example problems tend to emphasize SI metric. However, other dimension systems are used extensively today, so a number of our examples and problems contain nonmetric units to ensure that students are exposed to conversions and other units that are commonly used.
- 18. Chapters 8 and 9, Engineering Economy, demonstrate the importance of understanding the time value of money in making engineering decisions. Chapter 8 emphasizes basic calculations using everyday information such as credit card debt, savings accounts, and current interest rates. Additionally, the Summary Table 8.8 is a valuable resource that students use well beyond this course. Chapter 9 follows with applications to engineering decision making for equipment selection, depreciation, investments, and taxes. Chapters 10 and 11, Statistics, provide an introduction to a subject that is assuming a greater role in engineering decision making. Chapter 10 introduces basic descriptive statistics, linear regression, and coefficient of correlation. Chapter 11 includes normal distributions as well as Student’s t, F, and Chi-Square. It also adds new material on the use of inferential statistics and a general introduction to randomized sampling and experimental design. The ability to take large amounts of test or field data, perform statistical analyses, and draw correct conclusions is crucial in establishing performance parameters. Engineering Economy and Statistics are subdivided, permitting you to choose the first chapter for an introduction to the fundamentals and, if time permits, applications to specific engineering activities can be covered. Page ix The third major section provides engineering content that you can use to reinforce fundamentals from the previous section. Chapters 12 through 17 allow you as an instructor a great deal of flexibility. Chapters 12 and 13 on engineering mechanics provide an introduction to statics and strength of materials. Force vectors, two- dimensional force systems, and the conditions of equilibrium are emphasized in Chapter 12. Chapter 13 emphasizes stresses and strains and requires Chapter 12 as a prerequisite. Chapter 15 has undergone significant updating. Chapter 15 discusses energy forms and sources. The authors believe that engineering students need to become aware of the world’s current dependence on fossil fuels very early in their studies so they may apply this knowledge to the use and development of alternative sources of energy.
- 19. Chapter 16 follows with an introduction to thermodynamics and applications of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The study of Chapter 16 should be preceded by coverage of Chapter 15. Chapter 14, Material Balance, and Chapter 17, Electrical Theory, complete the third major section and contain upgraded example problems. Certain problems suggest the use of a computer or spreadsheet for solution. These are open-ended or “what-if” problems. Depending on the students’ prior work with programming or spreadsheets, additional instruction may be required before attempting these problems. Chapter 18 covers the use of flowcharts, which can be of tremendous help when programming with all kinds of computer languages. The appendices are provided as a ready reference on selected areas that will enable students to review topics from algebra and trigonometry. The National Society of Professional Engineers’ Code of Ethics for Engineers is included and is highly recommended for reading and class discussion. Other appendices include tables, unit conversions, formulas, and selected answers to chapter problems. Because the text was written for first-year engineering students, mathematical expertise beyond algebra, trigonometry, and analytical geometry is not required for any material in the book. The authors have found, however, that additional experience in pre-calculus mathematics is very helpful as a prerequisite for this text. Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to many who assisted in the development of this edition of the textbook. First, we would like to thank the faculty of the former Division of Engineering Fundamentals and Multidisciplinary Design at Iowa State University, who have taught the engineering computations courses over the past 40+ years. They, with the support of engineering faculty from other departments, have made the courses a success by their efforts. Several thousands of students have taken the courses, and we want to thank them for their comments and ideas, which have influenced this edition. The many suggestions of faculty and students alike have provided us with much information that was necessary to improve the previous editions. Special thanks go to the reviewers for this edition whose
- 20. suggestions were extremely valuable. These suggestions greatly shaped the manuscript in preparation of the eighth edition. Finally, we thank our families for their continuing support of our efforts. Arvid R. Eide Steven K. Mickelson Cheryl L. Eide Roland D. Jenison Larry L. Northup
- 21. Page x Instructors: Student Success Starts with You Tools to enhance your unique voice Want to build your own course? No problem. Prefer to use an OLC-aligned, prebuilt course? Easy. Want to make changes throughout the semester? Sure. And you'll save time with Connect's auto-grading too. Study made personal Incorporate adaptive study resources like SmartBook® 2.0 into your course and help your students be better prepared
- 22. in less time. Learn more about the powerful personalized learning experience available in SmartBook 2.0 at www.mheducation.com/highered/connect/smartboo k Laptop: McGraw Hill; Woman/dog: George Doyle/Getty Images Affordable solutions, added value Make technology work for you with LMS integration for single sign-on access, mobile access to the digital textbook, and reports to quickly show you how each of your students is doing. And with our Inclusive Access program you can provide all these tools at a discount to your students. Ask your McGraw Hill representative for more information. Padlock: Jobalou/Getty Images Solutions for your challenges A product isn’t a solution. Real solutions are affordable, reliable, and come with training and
- 23. ongoing support when you need it and how you want it. Visit www.supportateverystep.com for videos and resources both you and your students can use throughout the semester. Checkmark: Jobalou/Getty Images Page xi Students: Get Learning that Fits You Effective tools for efficient studying Connect is designed to help you be more productive with simple, flexible, intuitive tools that maximize your study time and meet your individual learning needs. Get learning that works for you with Connect.
- 24. Study anytime, anywhere Download the free ReadAnywhere app and access your online eBook, SmartBook 2.0, or Adaptive Learning Assignments when it’s convenient, even if you’re offline. And since the app automatically syncs with your Connect account, all of your work is available every time you open it. Find out more at www.mheducation.com/readanywhere “I really liked this app—it made it easy to study when you don't have your textbook in front of you.” - Jordan Cunningham, Eastern Washington University Everything you need in one place Your Connect course has everything you need—whether reading on your digital eBook or completing assignments for class, Connect makes it easy to get your work done. Calendar: owattaphotos/Getty Images Learning for everyone
- 25. McGraw Hill works directly with Accessibility Services Departments and faculty to meet the learning needs of all students. Please contact your Accessibility Services Office and ask them to email accessibility@mheducation.com, or visit www.mheducation.com/about/accessibility for more information. Top: Jenner Images/Getty Images, Left: Hero Images/Getty Images, Right: Hero Images/Getty Images
- 26. Page xiii About the Authors Arvid R. Eide received his baccalaureate degree in mechanical engineering from Iowa State University. Upon graduation he spent two years in the U.S. Army as a commissioned officer and then returned to Iowa State as an instructor while completing a master’s degree in mechanical engineering. Professor Eide has worked for Western Electric, John Deere, and the Trane Company. He received his Ph.D. in 1974 and was appointed professor and Chair of Freshman Engineering, a position he held from 1974 to 1989, at which time Dr. Eide was appointed Associate Dean of Academic Affairs. In 1996, he returned to teaching as a professor of mechanical engineering. In January 2000 he retired from Iowa State University as professor emeritus of mechanical engineering. Steven K. Mickelson is the Chuck R. and Jane F. Olsen Professor of Engineering at Iowa State University. His tenure home is in the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE). Dr. Mickelson was the Chair for the ABE department from 2011 to 2021. He is currently the Special Advisor to the Senior Vice President and Provost, co-leading the roleout of Iowa State University’s new student information and receivable system. His teaching specialties include computer-aided graphics, engineering problem solving, engineering design, and soil and water conservation engineering. His research areas include evaluation of best management practices for reducing surface and groundwater contamination, manure management evaluation for environmental protection of water resources, and the scholarship of teaching and learning. Dr. Mickelson has been very active in the American Society for
- 27. Engineering Education and the American Society of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers for the past 40 years. He received his agricultural engineering degrees from Iowa State University in 1982, 1984, and 1991. He is a fellow within the American Society for Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Cheryl L. Eide has worked with undergraduate student recruitment, retention, advising, and the development of programs to support women and minorities pursuing engineering. Her teaching portfolio includes engineering fundamentals and problem solving, engineering economy, material handling, factory layout, and computer simulation. Dr. Eide helped to re-activate and charter the Heart of Iowa Section of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) and served as the faculty advisor to the Iowa State SWE student section. She is a member of the Cardinal Key Honor Society, which recognizes outstanding leadership, character, service, and scholarship at Iowa State University where Dr. Eide earned her bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate degrees. Roland D. (Rollie) Jenison taught for 35 years in aerospace engineering and lower-division general engineering. He taught courses in engineering problem solving, engineering design graphics, aircraft performance, and aircraft stability and control, in addition to serving as academic adviser to many engineering students. He was a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and published numerous papers on engineering education. He served as chair of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of ASEE in 1986–1987. He was active in the development of improved teaching methodologies through the application of team learning, hands-on projects, and open-ended problem solving. He retired in June 2000 as professor emeritus in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University. Page xiv Larry L. Northup is a professor emeritus of civil, construction, and environmental engineering at Iowa State University. He has 40 years of teaching experience, with 25 years devoted to lower-division
- 28. engineering courses in problem solving, graphics, and design. He has two years of industrial experience and is a registered engineer in Iowa. He has been active in ASEE (Engineering Design Graphics Division), having served as chair of the Freshman Year Committee and Director of Technical and Professional Committees (1981–1984). He also served as chair of the Freshman Programs Constituent Committee of ASEE in 1983–1984.
- 29. Page 1 CHAPTER 1 The Engineering Profession Chapter Objectives When you complete your study of this chapter, you will be able to: 1.1 An Engineering Career The rapidly expanding and developing sphere of science and technology may seem overwhelming to the individual exploring a career in a technological field. A technical specialist today may be called engineer, scientist, technologist, or technician, depending on education, industrial affiliation, and specific work. For example, about 700 colleges and universities in 29 countries offer close to 3 600 engineering programs accredited by ABET, the main accrediting body for engineering and technology programs. Included in these programs are such traditional specialties as aerospace, agricultural, architectural, chemical, civil, Understand the role of engineering in the world Understand how to prepare for a meaningful engineering career Understand the role of an engineer in the engineering workplace Describe the responsibilities and roles of the most common engineering disciplines Gain academic career advice from past engineering graduates from various engineering disciplines
- 30. computer, construction, electrical, industrial, manufacturing, materials, mechanical, and software engineering—as well as expanding bioengineering, biomedical, biological, electromechanical, environmental, and telecommunications. Programs in engineering, mechanics, mining, nuclear, ceramic, software, and petroleum engineering add to a lengthy list of career options in engineering alone. Coupled with thousands of programs in science and technical training offered at hundreds of universities, colleges, and technical schools, the task of choosing the right field no doubt seems formidable (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1 Imagine the number of engineers who were involved in the design of the windmill related to construction, material choices, electrical systems, and mechanical systems. Oorka/Shutterstock Since you are reading this book, we assume that you are interested in studying engineering or at least are trying to decide whether to do so. Up to this point in your academic life you probably have had little experience with engineering as a career and have gathered your impressions from advertising materials, counselors, educators, and perhaps a practicing engineer or two. Now you must investigate as many careers as you can as soon as possible to be sure of making the right choice. The study of engineering requires a strong background in mathematics and the physical sciences. Section 1.5 discusses typical areas of study within an engineering program that lead to the bachelor’s degree. You also should consult with your academic counselor about specific course requirements. If you are enrolled in an engineering program but have not chosen a specific discipline, consult with an adviser or someone on the engineering faculty about particular course requirements in your areas of interest.
- 31. Page 2 When considering a career in engineering or any closely related fields, you should explore the answers to several questions: Finding answers to such questions can be difficult and time consuming, but essential to determining the proper path for you as an individual. To assist you in assessing your educational goals, we have included a number of student profiles. These are students that have recently graduated from an accredited engineering program and selected different career paths. Each student background is unique and each career path is different. We hope you find these helpful. Page 3 1.2 The Technology Team In 1876, 15 men led by Thomas Alva Edison gathered in Menlo Park, New Jersey, to work on “inventions.” By 1887, the group had secured over 400 patents, including ones for the electric lightbulb and the phonograph. Edison’s approach typified that used for early engineering developments. What is engineering? What are the career opportunities for engineers? What are the engineering disciplines? Where does the engineer fit into the technical spectrum? How are engineers educated? What is meant by professionalism and engineering ethics? What have engineers done in the past? What are engineers doing now? What will engineers do in the future? What are the workplace competencies needed to be a successful engineer?
- 32. Usually one person possessed nearly all the knowledge in one field and directed the research, development, design, and manufacture of new products in this field. Today, however, technology has become so advanced and sophisticated that one person cannot possibly be aware of all the intricacies of a single device or process. The concept of systems engineering thus has evolved; that is, technological problems are studied and solved by a technology team. Scientists, engineers, technologists, technicians, and craftspersons form the technology team. The functions of the team range across what often is called the technical spectrum. At one end of the spectrum are functions that involve work with scientific and engineering principles. At the other end of this technical spectrum are functions that bring designs into reality. Successful technology teams use the unique abilities of all team members to bring about a successful solution to a human need. Each of the technology team members has a specific function in the technical spectrum, and it is of utmost importance that each specialist understands the role of all team members. It is not difficult to find instances where the education and tasks of team members overlap. For any engineering accomplishment, successful team performance requires cooperation that can be realized only through an understanding of the functions of the technology team. The technology team is one part of a larger team that has the overall responsibility for bringing a device, process, or system into reality. This team, frequently called a project or design team, may include managers, sales representatives, field service persons, financial representatives, and purchasing personnel in addition to the technology team members. These project teams meet frequently from the beginning of the project to ensure that schedules and design specifications are met, and that potential problems are diagnosed early. We will now investigate each of the team specialists in more detail. 1.2.1 Scientist Scientists have as their prime objective increased knowledge of nature (see Figure 1.2). In the quest for new knowledge, the scientist conducts research in a systematic manner. The research steps, referred to as the scientific method, are often summarized as follows: 1. Formulate a hypothesis to explain a natural phenomenon. 2. Conceive and execute experiments to test the hypothesis.
- 33. 3. Analyze test results and state conclusions. 4. Generalize the hypothesis into the form of a law or theory if experimental results are in harmony with the hypothesis. 5. Publish the new knowledge. Figure 1.2 Scientists use the laboratory for discovery of new knowledge. SDI Productions/Getty Images An open and inquisitive mind is an obvious characteristic of a scientist. Although the scientist’s primary objective is that of obtaining an increased knowledge of nature, many scientists are also engaged in the development of their ideas into new and useful creations. But to differentiate quite simply between the scientist and engineer, we might say that the true scientist seeks to understand more about natural phenomena, whereas the engineer primarily engages in applying new knowledge. Science degree programs include chemistry, physics, agronomy, biology, horticulture, botany, genetics, earth science, geology, meteorology, and many more. Page 4 1.2.2 Engineer The profession of engineering takes the knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences gained through study, experience, and practice and applies this knowledge with judgment to develop ways to utilize the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of all humans.
- 34. An engineer is a person who possesses this knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences, and through the principles of analysis and design applies this knowledge to the solution of problems and the development of devices, processes, structures, and systems. Both the engineer and scientist are thoroughly educated in the mathematical and physical sciences, but the scientist primarily uses this knowledge to acquire new knowledge, whereas the engineer applies the knowledge to design and develops usable devices, structures, and processes. In other words, the scientist seeks to know, the engineer aims to do. You might conclude that the engineer is totally dependent on the scientist for the knowledge to develop ideas for human benefit. Such is not always the case. Scientists learn a great deal from the work of engineers. For example, the science of thermodynamics was developed by a physicist from studies of practical steam engines built by engineers who had no science to guide them. On the other hand, engineers have applied the principles of nuclear fission discovered by scientists to develop nuclear power plants and numerous other devices and systems requiring nuclear reactions for their operation. The scientist’s and engineer’s functions frequently overlap, leading at times to a somewhat blurred image of the engineer. What distinguishes the engineer from the scientist in broad terms, however, is that the engineer often conducts research but does so for the purpose of solving a problem. Page 5 The end result of an engineering effort—generally referred to as design —is a device, structure, system, or process that satisfies a need. A successful design is achieved when a logical procedure is followed to meet a specific need. The procedure, called the design process, is similar to the scientific method with respect to a step-by-step routine, but it differs in objectives and end results. The design process encompasses the following activities (all of which must be completed): 1. Define the problem to be solved. 2. Acquire and assemble pertinent data. 3. Identify solution constraints and criteria. 4. Develop alternative solutions. 5. Select a solution based on analysis of alternatives. 6. Communicate the results.
- 35. As the designer proceeds through each step, new information may be discovered and new objectives may be specified for the design. If so, the designer must backtrack and repeat steps. For example, if none of the alternatives appears to be economically feasible when the final solution is to be selected, the designer must redefine the problem or possibly relax some of the constraints to admit less expensive alternatives. Thus, because decisions must frequently be made at each step as a result of new developments or unexpected outcomes, the design process becomes iterative. As you progress through your engineering education, you will solve problems and learn the design process using the techniques of analysis and synthesis. Analysis is the act of separating a system into its constituent parts, whereas synthesis is the act of combining parts into a useful system. In the design process you will observe how analysis and synthesis are utilized to generate a solution to a human need. 1.2.3 Technologist and Technician Much of the actual work of converting the ideas of scientists and engineers into tangible results is performed by technologists and technicians (see Figure 1.3). A technologist generally possesses a bachelor’s degree and a technician an associate’s degree. Technologists are involved in the direct application of their education and experience to make appropriate modifications in designs as the need arises. Technicians primarily perform computations and experiments and prepare design drawings as requested by engineers and scientists. Thus technicians (typically) are educated in mathematics and science but not to the depth required of scientists and engineers. Technologists and technicians obtain a basic knowledge of engineering and scientific principles in a specific field and develop certain manual skills that enable them to communicate technically with all members of the technology team. Some tasks commonly performed by technologists and technicians include drafting, estimating, model building, data recording and reduction, troubleshooting, servicing, and specification. Often they are the vital link between the idea on paper and the idea in practice.
- 36. Figure 1.3 Technicians modify a tabletop robot for use in a research project. Goran Bogicevic/Shutterstock Page 6 1.2.4 Skilled Tradespersons/Craftspersons Members of the skilled trades possess the skills necessary to produce parts specified by scientists, engineers, technologists, and technicians. Craftspersons do not need to have an in-depth knowledge of the principles of science and engineering incorporated in a design (see Figure 1.4). They often are trained on the job, serving an apprenticeship during which the skills and abilities to build and operate specialized equipment are developed. Specialized positions include welder, machinist, electrician, carpenter, plumber, and mason.
- 37. Figure 1.4 Skilled craftspersons are key in building specialized equipment as designed by the engineers. Don Hammond/Design Pics 1.3 The Engineering Profession Engineering is an exciting profession. Engineers don’t just sit in a cubicle and solve mathematical equations; they work in teams to solve challenging engineering problems to make life safer, easier, and more efficient for the world we live in. Engineers must demonstrate competence in initiative, professionalism, engineering knowledge, teamwork, innovation, communication, cultural adaptability, safety awareness, customer focus, general knowledge, continuous learning, planning, analysis and judgment, quality orientation, and integrity. In addition, engineers are expected to be leaders. Engineers help to shape government policies, international development, and education at all levels. Engineering is fun and challenging, and it provides for a meaningful career. Page 7 1.4 The Engineering Functions As we alluded to in Section 1.2, engineering feats dating from earliest recorded history up to the Industrial Revolution could best be described as individual accomplishments. The various pyramids of Egypt were usually designed by one individual, who directed tens of thousands of laborers during construction. The person in charge called every move, made every decision, and took the credit if the project was successful or accepted the consequences if the project failed. The Industrial Revolution brought a rapid increase in scientific findings and technological advances. One-person engineering teams were no longer practical or desirable. Today, no single aerospace engineer is responsible for a jumbo jet and no one civil engineer completely designs a bridge. Automobile manufacturers assign several thousand engineers to the design
- 38. of a new model. So we not only have the technology team as described earlier, but we have engineers from many disciplines who are working together on single projects. One approach to explaining an engineer’s role in the technology spectrum is to describe the different types of work that engineers do. For example, agricultural, biological, civil, electrical, mechanical, and other engineers become involved in design, which is an engineering function. The engineering functions, which are discussed briefly in this section, are research, development, design, production, testing, construction, operations, sales, management, consulting, and teaching. Several of the engineering disciplines will be discussed later in the chapter. Page 8 To avoid confusion between “engineering disciplines” and “engineering functions,” let us consider the following. Normally a student selects a curriculum (e.g., aerospace, chemical, mechanical) either before or soon after admission to an engineering program. When and how the choice is made varies with each school. The point is, the student does not choose a function but rather a discipline. To illustrate further, consider a student who has chosen mechanical engineering. This student will, during an undergraduate education, learn how mechanical engineers are involved in the engineering functions of research, development, design, and so on. Some program options allow a student to pursue an interest in a specific subdivision within the curriculum, such as energy conversion in a mechanical engineering program. Most other curricula have similar options. Upon graduation, when you accept a job with a company, you will be assigned to a functional team performing in a specific area such as research, design, or sales. Within some companies, particularly smaller ones, you may become involved in more than one function—design and testing, for example. It is important to realize that regardless of your choice of discipline, you may become involved in one or more of the functions discussed in the following paragraphs: Space Exploration: Where Do We Go from Here? Clayton Anderson
- 39. NASA Clayton Anderson received his undergraduate degree in Physics from Hastings College, Nebraska, and an MS in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University. He joined the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in 1983 in Mission Planning and Analysis, before moving to the Missions Operations Directorate and leading the trajectory design team for the Galileo planetary mission. He became supervisor of the Ascent Flight Design Section in 1992, which was then reorganized into the Flight Design Engineering Group. In 1993 he was named chief of the Flight Design Branch and in 1996 he assumed the role of manager of the Emergency Operations Center at JSC. His broad expertise in space operations at JSC led to his selection as a NASA Mission Specialist astronaut in 1998. Intensive training for missions to the International Space Station (ISS) included physiological aspects and flight training in a T-38 aircraft, as well as underwater training and wilderness survival techniques. In 2007, Anderson embarked on his first space adventure aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis to the ISS. Aboard the ISS he served as the Flight Engineer and Science Officer. During the 152-day stay, he performed three EVAs (extravehicular activity or spacewalks) totaling 18 hours. His second mission came in 2010 when he rode Space Shuttle Discovery on a resupply mission to the ISS. During this short 15-day stay, he performed three more EVAs totaling 20 hours, 17 minutes. Anderson retired from NASA in 2013 very proud of his accomplishments and filled with a strong desire to educate the public on the knowledge, research, and training necessary to conduct continued space exploration in a logical and safe manner. To this end, he has traveled extensively around the country giving keynote presentations on his experiences and visions for future space endeavors. Recently there have been efforts to develop commercial launching rockets to transport travelers into space (and the ISS), to the moon, and possibly to Mars. Anderson asks, “What capabilities does the commercial space industry need to have in order to transport spacefaring neophytes safely? Will passengers need three years of intensive astronaut training? How could
- 40. engineers design controls and user interfaces to better serve inexperienced space travelers?” Anderson believes we must take measured steps in educating and training the public for space travel and he believes the first step is using our Moon. “. . . Theoreticians claim that the surface of Mars or the Moon may provide on-site (in situ) resources that could be used. They tout our ability to concoct fuel, extract water, and create oxygen, simply by living off the land. While this may be true, how do we do this? What technologies are needed? It does not seem completely practical to commit to Mars before we have answers to these fundamental questions. We can use our 35 years of space experience with moon missions and space station operations to develop the foundation for longer missions. A mission to Mars and its 20-minute communication lapses introduce new psychological implications within an 18-month trip requiring sufficient fuel, food, water, spare parts, clothing, etc. Planning and training for such a mission is a huge and, as yet, not completely defined task.” In 2014, Anderson was named an Iowa State University Distinguished Faculty Fellow in Aerospace Engineering. He has developed a prototype workshop in space flight operations intended to expose students to training events similar to those completed by astronauts. For example, scuba diving certification will help students learn how to work in a hazardous environment while following distinctly operational procedures. Wilderness survival training uniquely introduces students to the basic concepts of mission planning, expeditionary behavior, and teamwork. Aircraft flight simulation training reinforces procedural concepts while introducing more “big picture” and anticipatory thinking. Further, in an effort to provide ISU graduating students with a new and different thought process, the workshop attempts to address the needs of the emerging commercial spaceflight companies, by providing students whose decision analysis and leadership capabilities reflect this more operational background. Supplemented with general training in spacecraft subsystems, space physiology, and space suits, the workshop experience is coupled with virtual reality spaceflight scenarios using the C6 virtual reality room in the Virtual Reality Applications Center at Iowa State University. Anderson is collaborating with Dr. Nir Keren, Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural and BioSystems Engineering and a Graduate Faculty member at the Virtual Reality Applications Center. Dr. Keren utilizes VirtuTrace, a powerful simulation engine he developed with his research team, to simulate the main U.S. living section of the ISS and the exterior of the station in full scale three-dimension in exquisite detail. Students experience the space station environment and
- 41. the inherent stressors associated with combating an in-flight emergency situation. Page 9 1.4.1 Research Successful research is one catalyst for starting the activities of a technology team or, in many cases, the activities of an entire industry. The research engineer seeks new findings, as does the scientist; but keep in mind that the research engineer also seeks a way to use the discovery. Key qualities of a successful research engineer are perceptiveness, patience, and self-confidence. Most students interested in research will pursue the master’s and doctor’s degrees in order to develop their intellectual abilities and the necessary research skills. An alert and perceptive mind is needed to recognize nature’s truths when they are encountered. When attempting to reproduce natural phenomena in the laboratory, cleverness and patience are prime attributes. Research often involves tests, failures, retests, and so on for long periods of time (see Figure 1.5). Research engineers therefore are often discouraged and frustrated and must strain their abilities and rely on their self-confidence in order to sustain their efforts to a successful conclusion. Figure 1.5 Research requires high-cost, sophisticated equipment. Janiecbros/Getty Images Billions of dollars are spent each year on research at colleges and universities, industrial research laboratories, government installations, and independent research institutes. The team approach to research is
- 42. Another Random Scribd Document with Unrelated Content
- 43. 49. In our mind’s eye, Horatio. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2. Warton. Thomas Warton (1728–1790). See vol. V. Lectures on the English Poets, p. 120 and note. 50. At every fall. Milton, Comus, 251. 51. Nod to him, elves. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1. The breezy call. Gray’s Elegy written in a Country Churchyard. 52. Air [shape] and gesture proudly eminent. Paradise Lost, Book I. 590. 53. It is place which lessens. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3. 54. Sigh our souls. Merchant of Venice, Act V. Sc. 1. Snyders. Franz Snyders (1579–1657), of Antwerp, painter of hunting scenes. 55. Of the earth, earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47. We think it had better not be seen. The Magazine article adds:—‘We never very much liked this picture; but that may probably be our fault.’ PICTURES AT WILTON, STOURHEAD, Etc. From The London Magazine, October 1823. The article ends with the words:—‘Blenheim in our next, which will conclude this series of articles.’ Note. The author of Vathek. William Beckford (1759–1844), whose romance was written in French in 1781–1782, translated anonymously into English in 1784, and published in French in 1787. 57. Ranged in a row. ‘Ranged o’er the chimney, glistened in a row,’ Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, 236. 58. Keep their state. Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act V. Sc. 2. Burke’s description of the age of chivalry. Reflections on the Revolution in France, Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89.
- 44. The mood of lutes [flutes]. Paradise Lost, Book I. 551. Mount on barbed steeds, etc. Cf. ‘Mounting barbed steeds.’ King Richard III., Act I. Sc. 1. and, ‘Witch the world with noble horsemanship.’ 1 King Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 1. The Goose Gibbie. See Old Mortality. 59. Of all men the most miserable. 1 Cor. xv. 19. Above all pain. Pope’s Epistle to Robert, Earl of Oxford. Berchem. See ante, note to p. 22. Hath a devil. S. Luke vii. 33. 60. Mieris. A family of Delft and Leyden painters, the best known of whom are Frans van Mieris, one of twenty-three children (1635– 1681), the ‘prince of Dou’s pupils,’ and William van Mieris, his son (1662–1747). The porcelain of Franguestan. ‘Vathek voluptuously reposed in his capacious litter upon cushions of silk, with two little pages beside him of complexions more fair than the enamel of Franguistan.’ The description is commented on in a note which explains that they were Circassian boy-slaves. Sir Richard Colt Hoare. Historian of Wiltshire (1758–1838). 61. Tempt but to betray. Cf. ‘Whose fruit though fair, tempts only to destroy.’ Cowper, The Progress of Error, 238. PAGE 61. Trace his footsteps.
- 45. Cf. ‘Where shall I seek His bright appearances, or footstep trace? For, though I fled him angry, yet, recalled To life prolonged and promised race, I now Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts Of glory, and far-off his steps adore.’ Paradise Lost, XI. 328. Though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300. Of the court, courtly. Cf. ‘Of the earth, earthy.’ 1 Cor. xv. 47. PICTURES AT BURLEIGH HOUSE From the New Monthly Magazine, vol. IV., 1822, Table Talk, No. IV. 62. And dull [dead] cold winter. The Two Noble Kinsmen, Act II. Sc. 1. Faded to the light. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality. Ways were mire. Milton, Sonnet XX. 63. And still walking under. See ante, note to p. 10. I was brutish [beastly] like, warlike as the wolf. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3. Paul Potter. Of Enkhuizen (1625–1654), animal painter. 64. To see the sun to bed. Lamb, John Woodvil, Act II. Hunt half a day. Wordsworth’s Hart-Leap Well, Part II. 65. Humbled by such rebuke. Paradise Lost, VI. 342. And in its liquid texture. Ibid., VI. 348–9. Inimitable on earth. Ibid., III. 508. 66. Hesperian fable true. Ibid., IV. 250. Dream of a Painter. See Northcote’s Varieties on Art in his Memoirs of Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc. (1813–1815), p. xvi. See also vol. I. The Round Table, note to Guido, p. 162.
- 46. Paul Brill. Of Antwerp (1556–1626), a follower of Titian. 67. His light shone in darkness. Cf. S. John i. 5. Luca Jordano. Luca Giordano (1632–1705), of Naples, ‘Il Presto,’ the quick worker, who imitated all the great painters. Grinling Gibbons. The wood carver (1648–1720), of Rotterdam. He was brought to public notice by Evelyn, the Diarist, and his work may be seen in St. Paul’s, London, and Trinity College Library, Cambridge. 68. Lords who love their ladies like. Cf. Home’s Douglas, Act I. Sc. 1: ‘As women wish to be who love their lords.’ PICTURES AT OXFORD AND BLENHEIM From the London Magazine, November 1823 The article ends as follows:—‘We now take leave of British Galleries of Art. There are one or two others that we had intended to visit; but they are at a great distance from us and from each other; and we are not quite sure that they would repay our inquiries. Besides, to say the truth, we have already pretty well exhausted our stock of criticism, both general and particular. The same names were continually occurring, and we began sometimes to be apprehensive that the same observations might be repeated over again. One thing we can say, that the going through our regular task has not lessened our respect for the great names here alluded to; and, if we shall have inspired, in the progress of it, any additional degree of curiosity respecting the art, or any greater love of it in our readers, we shall think our labour and our anxiety to do justice to the subject most amply rewarded.’ PAGE 69. With glistering spires. Paradise Lost, III. 550. Hold high converse. Thomson, The Seasons: Winter, 431. No mean city. Acts xxi. 39.
- 47. All eyes shall see me. Cf. Isaiah xlv. 22–23 and Romans xiv. 11. 70. Clappeth his wings, and straightway he is gone. Cf. Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 74: ‘Spreads his light wings, and in a moment flies.’ Majestic, though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300. Giuseppe Ribera. Josef Ribera (1588–1656), of San Felipe, near Valencia, a pupil of Caravaggio and leader of the realist school of his time. 71. Lucid mirror. Cowper, The Task, I. 701. And fast by hanging in a golden chain. Paradise Lost, II. 1051. In form resembling a goose pie. Cf. ‘A thing resembling a goose-pie,’ Swift, Vanburgh’s House, l. 104. The old Duchess of Marlborough. Sarah Churchill, née Jennings (1660–1744), wife of John, 1st Duke of Marlborough. 72. Leave stings. Cf. ‘Would leave a sting within a brother’s heart.’ Young, Love of Fame, Sat. II. 113. 73. Sure never were seen. Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act II. Sc. 2. [Other horses are clowns.] See vol. I. The Round Table, p. 150. Mr. T. Moore’s ‘Loves of the Angels.’ Published Jan. 1, 1823. 75. As if increase of appetite. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2. We are ignorance itself. 1 King Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 1. CRITICISM ON HOGARTH’S MARRIAGE A- LA-MODE See vol. I. The Round Table, pp. 25 et seq., and notes thereto.
- 48. NOTES OF A JOURNEY THROUGH FRANCE AND ITALY The circumstances which led to and succeeded the tour in France and Italy described in the following letters will be found detailed in the Memoirs of William Hazlitt, pp. 107 et seq. The journey began in August 1824, shortly after Hazlitt married Mrs. Bridgewater; and it ended in October 1825, by the return home alone of Hazlitt and his son. CHAPTER I From the Morning Chronicle, Tuesday, Sept. 14, 1824 90. Forever the same. Add, from the newspaper:—‘The sea at present puts me in mind of Lord Byron—it is restless, glittering, dangerous, exhaustless, like his style.’ Can question thine. Add:—‘Hearing some lines repeated out of Virgil, while B—— and I were sitting near the melancholy Scottish shores, looking towards England, I said that the sound of the Latin language was to me like the sound of the sea—melodious, strange, lasting! So the verses we had just heard had lingered on the ear of memory, had flowed from the learned tongue, for near two thousand years!’ PAGE 91. In a great pool. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4. 92. Otto of roses. Add:—‘It was like other beds in France—not aired.’ A compound of villainous smells. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III. Sc. 5. Mieris. See ante, note to p. 60. Jan Steen. Of Leyden (1626–1679), a follower of Van Ostade, Brouwer, and Van Goyen.
- 49. 93. Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease. Goldsmith, The Traveller, 41–2. CHAPTER II September 17 94. Bidding the lovely scenes. Collins, Ode on the Passions. 98. The pomp of groves. Beattie, The Minstrel, I. 9. 99. Note. Gil Blas’s Supper. Cf. Book I. chap. 2. Note. Chateaubriand ... On the Censorship. François René, Vicomte de Chateaubriand’s (1768–1848) phase of politics between 1824 and 1830 was one of Liberalism. His writings in the Journal des Débats and elsewhere caused the Chamber to abandon its proposed law against the press. 100. Swinging slow with sullen roar. Il Penseroso, 76. CHAPTER III September 24 102. My tables. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5. 103. Like the fat weed. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5. 105. Exhalation [steam] of rich-distilled perfumes. Milton, Comus, 556. 106. Let their discreet hearts believe [think] it. Othello, Act II. Sc. 1. CHAPTER IV. September 28
- 50. 106. First and last and midst. Paradise Lost, v. 165. Worn them as a rich jewel. Hazlitt quotes from himself. See vol. VI., Table Talk, p. 174. Thrown into the pit. Cf. Genesis xxxvii. 24. School calleth unto School. Psalm xlii. 7: ‘deep calleth to deep.’ 107. My theme [shame] in crowds. Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, 412. Brave o’er-hanging firmament. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2. Hang upon the beatings of my heart. Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey. Stood the statue that enchants the world. Thomson, The Seasons, Summer, 1347. There was old Proteus. Altered from Wordsworth’s Sonnet, ‘The world is too much with us.’ Sit squat, like a toad. Paradise Lost, IV. 800. 108. The death of the King. Louis XVIII. of France died in September 1824. Sir Thomas Lawrence. Portrait-painter (1769–1830). 109. To cure [drive] all sadness but despair. Paradise Lost, IV. 156. Verdurous wall of Paradise. Ibid., IV. 143. In darkness visible. Ibid., I. 63. Hulling. ‘Hull on the flood.’ Ibid., XI. 840. Blind with rain. Cf. ‘When the chill rain begins at shut of eve In dull November, and their chancel vault, The Heaven itself, is blinded throughout night.’ Keats’s Hyperion, II. 36–38. Lord Byron ... Heaven and Earth. Sc. III. PAGE 110. Le Brun. See ante, note to p. 25.
- 51. Sebastian Bourdon. French painter and engraver (1616–1671). He was one of the twelve artists who founded the Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1648. Le Sueur. Eustache Le Sueur (1616–1655), French historical painter, also one of the twelve (see above). He is one of the greatest of French painters, and is often called the French Raphael. Philip Champagne. Philippe de Champaigne (1602–1674), of the French school of historical and portrait painting, though of Brussels birth. He was one of the first members of the Academy, worked for Cardinal Richelieu, and was greatest as a portrait painter. David. See ante, note to p. 30. Daniel Volterra. Daniele Ricciarelli, or Daniele da Volterra from the place of his birth (1509–1566), the friend of Michael Angelo, who aided him in his chief work, the frescoes in the Capella Orsini, Trinità de Monti, Rome. 111. Weenix. Jan Weenix (1640–1719), of Amsterdam, noted for his painting of dead game. Wouvermans. See ante, note to p. 21. Ruysdael. See ante, note to p. 22. Non equidem invideo, miror magis. Virgil, Eclogues, I. 11. 112. Thick as the autumnal leaves. Paradise Lost, I. 303. 113. Founded as the rock. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4. Coop’d [cribb’d] and cabin’d. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4. CHAPTER V October 5. No. VI. (October 6) in the newspaper, begins at the paragraph ‘The ordinary prejudice,’ etc., on p. 118. If the French have a fault. A Sentimental Journey. Character, Versailles. 115. Jump at. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.
- 52. 116. The finest line in Racine. ‘Je crains Dieu, cher Abner, et n’ai point d’autre crainte.’ Athalie, Act I. Sc. 1. 118. Pleas’d with a feather [rattle]. Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. II. 275. Marmontel’s Tales. Jean Francois Marmontel’s (1723–1799), Contes Moraux (1761), of which several editions have appeared in English. 119. Quickens, even with blowing. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2. The melancholy of Moorditch. 1 King Henry IV., Act I. Sc. 2. 120. Rousseau’s Emilius. Published 1762. La Place. Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749–1827), the great astronomer and mathematician. Lavoisier. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794), the founder of modern chemistry: he was guillotined in the Revolution. Cuvier. Leopold Christian Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier, better known as Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), the great zoologist and reformer in Education. Houdon. Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741–1828), one of the greatest of French sculptors. Of his statue of St. Bruno, the founder of the Carthusian order, Pope Clement XIV. said that ‘it would speak were it not for the Carthusian rule of silence.’ 121. Laborious foolery. Cf. vol. VIII. p. 554, Hazlitt’s letter to The Morning Chronicle on Modern Comedy. Horace Vernet. Emile Jean Horace Vernet (1789–1863), the ‘Paul Delaroche of military painting.’ 122. Good haters. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, note to p. 180. PAGE CHAPTER VI October 8. Numbered VI. in the newspaper, but see ante, note to chapter V.
- 53. 122. Guerin. Pierre Marcisse, Baron Guérin, French historical painter (1774–1833). His chief work is ‘The Return of Marcus Sixtus’ (1799). 123. Rouget. Georges Rouget (1784–1869), French portrait and historical painter, a pupil of David. Ward. Possibly James Ward (1769–1859), animal painter. Haydon. Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846), historical painter, whose pupils included Bewick, Landseer, and Eastlake. Drölling. Michel Martin Drolling (1786–1851), French portrait and historical painter, a pupil of David. Gerard. François Pascal Simon, Baron Gérard (1770–1837), French portrait and historical painter, a follower of David, chiefly celebrated for his portraits. 124. Madame Hersent. Louise Marie Jeanne Mauduit (1784–1862), the wife of Louis Hersent. Both were historical and portrait painters. Bouton. Charles Marie Bouton (1781–1853), a pupil of David. His collaborator in the invention of the Diorama was Daguerre. 125. Mons. Caminade. Alexandre François Caminade (1783–1862), French historical and portrait painter. 126. Mr. Hayter. Sir George Hayter (1792–1871), appointed miniature painter to Queen Charlotte in 1816, knighted in 1842. His father, Charles Hayter, was also a miniature painter. Sir George Hayter painted ‘The Trial of Queen Caroline’ (see p. 128). Mr. Constable. John Constable (1776–1837), one of the greatest of English landscape painters. 127. Copley Fielding. Anthony Vandyke Copley Fielding (1787– 1855), water-colour landscape painter. Jacquot. Georges Jacquot (1794–1874). His work may be seen in the museums of Nancy and Amiens and at Versailles. Chantry. Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey (1781–1841). Nantreuil. Charles François-Leboeuf Nanteuil (1792–1865). 129. Jouvenet. Jean Jouvenet (1644–1717), historical and portrait painter of French birth and Italian descent. He is noted for the
- 54. gigantic size of his pictures and figures. CHAPTER VII October 22. Numbered VIII. Those faultless monsters which the art [world]. From the Essay on Poetry of John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham. Hand-writing on the wall. Daniel v. 5. 130. Vice to be hated. Pope, Essay on Man, II. 217–18. 131. Girodet. Anne Louis Girodet-De-Roussy-Trioson (1767–1824), French historical painter. The picture ‘Endymion’ is one of his best known works. 132. Mezentius. See the Æneid, VIII. 485. Quod sic mihi ostendis. Horace, Ars Poet., 188. With hideous ruin. Paradise Lost, I. 46. Accumulated horror. ‘On horror’s head horrors accumulate.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3. PAGE 133. It out-herods Herod. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2. Note. Dip it in the ocean. A Sentimental Journey, The Wig, Paris. Note. Perilous stuff that weighs upon the heart. Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 3. 136. Like stars, shoot madly [start] from their spheres. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5. Paul Guerin. Paulin Jean Baptiste Guérin, French portrait and historical painter (1783–1855); his chief work is the one of which Hazlitt speaks.
- 55. 137. La Thiere. Guillaume Gillon Lethière, French historical painter (1760–1832), of Creole birth (Guadeloupe). At one time he was considered David’s rival. The human face divine. Paradise Lost, III. 44. Ducis. Louis Ducis (1773–1847), a pupil of David. 138. Magnis excidit ausis. Ovid, Met. II. 328. CHAPTER VIII October 23. Numbered IX. Captain Parry. Captain, afterwards Sir William Edward Parry (1790–1855), explorer of the North-West Passage. 139. Note. Painful scene in Evelina. Letter XXV. 142. Note. My old acquaintance (Dr. Stoddart). Sir John Stoddart (1773–1856), Hazlitt’s brother-in-law. He was knighted in 1826. 144. Mutually reflected charities. Burke, Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 40. Note. In the manner of Swift. Add, from the newspaper:—‘So accomplished an equestrian (thought I) might ascend a throne with popularity and effect! It was not the first or the last time in my life I have been rebuked for glancing a sceptical eye at the same sort of grave masquerading.—Cucullus non facit Monachum. It was but the other day that I was called to account for having hinted that a subscriber to The Sentinel,[60] and a patron and prime mover in Blackwood, is not one of the best and greatest characters of the age; or that, if so, then a tool of power, a party-bigot, and a suborner of private slander, in support of public wrong, is one of the best and greatest characters of the age. Mr. Blackwood should take care how he implicates any really respectable character by defending it. The worst ever supposed of the author of Waverley was, that there was a clandestine understanding between him and Mr. Blackwood— through Sir Walter Scott! The Ned Christian[61] compliment turns upon this. Mr. Taylor of Fleet-street, need not have disavowed the
- 56. paragraph; it might as well have been laid to the charge of Mr. Taylor of The Sun. The passage was not worth speaking of—but I have since done the same thing better, and the one passage is (cleverly enough) brought forward as a screen to the other.’ 145. Thrust us from a level consideration. 2 King Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 1. Garlanded with flowers. Cf. ‘All garlanded with carven imag’ries Of fruits, and flowers, and bunches of knot-grass.’ Keats, The Eve of St. Agnes, XXIV. The lean abhorred monster. Romeo and Juliet, Act V. Sc. 3. No black and melancholic yew-trees. Webster’s The White Devil, Act IV. Sc. 2. Pansies for thoughts. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 5. 146. The daughter of Madame d’Orbe. Sixième Partie, Lettre XI. 146. Ney. Michel Ney (1769–1815), Napoleon’s great general, ‘the bravest of the brave,’ who had five horses shot under him at Waterloo. He urged Napoleon to abdicate after the campaign of 1814, and on Napoleon’s return from Elba was sent to fight him. He went over to his old Emperor, however, and, after Waterloo, was arrested for high treason, condemned to death, and shot in the Luxembourg Gardens. Massena. André Masséna (1756–1817), another of Napoleon’s generals, ‘the favoured child of victory.’ Kellerman. François Christophe de Kellermann (1735–1820), the successful general at Valmy (1792). Fontaine. Jean de la Fontaine (1621–1695), the fabulist. De Lille. Jacques Delille (1738–1813), French poet and translator of Paradise Lost. CHAPTER IX
- 57. November 17. Numbered X. 147. Mademoiselle Mars. See vol. VII., The Plain Speaker, pp. 324 et seq. Mrs. Jordan. Dorothea or Dorothy Jordan (1762–1816). See vol. VIII., containing Hazlitt’s dramatic writings, for criticism upon her and the following actresses. Mrs. Siddons. Sarah Siddons (1755–1831). Miss Farren. Elizabeth Farren (1759?-1829), Countess of Derby. See vol. VIII., Lectures on the Comic Writers, 165, etc. Mrs. Abington. Frances Abington (1737–1815). Miss O’Neil. Eliza O’Neil (1791–1872), afterwards Lady Becher. See vol. I., The Round Table, note to p. 156, and vol. VIII. A View of the English Stage, p. 291. Flavia the least and slightest toy. Bishop Atterbury’s Flavia’s Fan. 149. Monsieur Damas. For more than twenty-five years one of the most brilliant actors at the Comédie Française. He retired from the stage in 1825 and died in 1834. 151. Midsummer madness. Twelfth Night, Act III. Sc. 4. Mr. Bartolino Saddletree. See Scott’s Heart of Midlothian. Whole loosened soul. Cf. ‘All my loose soul unbounded springs to thee.’ Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 228. Mrs. Orger. Mrs. Mary Ann Orger (1788–1849), chiefly remembered for her excellence in farce at Drury Lane. 152. Mr. Braham. The famous tenor. See note to vol. VII., The Plain Speaker, p. 70. Note. No single volume paramount. Wordsworth, Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty, XV., Sonnet beginning ‘Great men have been among us.’ 153. Odry. Jacques-Charles Odry (1781–1853). He played at the Variétés for forty years, the idol of his audiences.
- 58. Monsieur Potier. Charles Potier (1775–1838), comic actor. 154. Brunet. Jean-Joseph Mira, called Brunet (1766–1851). Talma. François Joseph Talma (1763–1826), one of the greatest of French tragic actors. Mademoiselle Georges. Marguerite-Joséphine Weimer, otherwise Georges (1787–1867), one of the most famous actresses of her day, beautiful, haughty, and wayward. PAGE 154. Madame Paradol. Anne-Catherine-Lucinde Prévost-Paradol (1798–1843). Mademoiselle Duchesnois. Catherine-Joseph Rufuin, otherwise Duchesnois (1777–1835), classical tragédienne. She was an intimate friend of Talma, and has been considered his equal. The rivalry between her and the beautiful Mlle. Georges extended to their respective admirers and to the press. CHAPTER X October 26. Numbered XI. 157. Inigo Jones. The architect of Lincoln’s Inn Chapel, the banqueting-house at Whitehall, St. Paul’s Church, Covent-Garden, etc. (1573–1652). The famous passage in Burke. A Letter to a Noble Lord (Works, Bohn, V. 137). Mr. Jerdan. William Jerdan (1782–1869), editor of the Tory Sun (1813–1817), and then associated for many years with the Literary Gazette. The painful warrior. Shakespeare, Sonnet XXV. 159. What though the radiance. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality [taken from my sight.... Of splendour in the grass, of glory in the flower.]
- 59. The burden and the mystery. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey. The worst ... returns to good. Cf. ‘the worst returns to laughter,’ King Lear, Act IV. Sc. 1. And bring with thee [and add to these] retired Leisure. Il Penseroso, 49. Nature to advantage drest. Pope, Essay on Criticism, Part II. 97. Paradise of dainty devices. The name given to a collection of poems published 1576 and various times later. The Frenchman’s darling. Cowper, The Task, IV. 765. 161. With glistering spires. Paradise Lost, III. 550. Low farms and [poor] pelting villages. King Lear, Act II. Sc. 3. 162. But let thy spiders. King Richard II., Act III. Sc. 2 [treacherous feet ... thy sovereign’s enemies]. Bear the beating of so strong a passion. Twelfth Night, Act II. Sc. 4. CHAPTER XI November 2. Numbered XII. 163. I also am a painter. See Vasari’s Lives (ed. Blashfield and Hopkins), III. 32, note 28. Roubilliac. Louis Francis Roubilliac (d. 1762). See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p. 89 and note thereto. 164. Bernini. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), painter, sculptor, and architect, the Michael Angelo of his day. And when I think that his immortal wings. Heaven and Earth, Part I. Scene 1. 165. Thinly scattered to make up a shew. Romeo and Juliet, Act V. Sc. 1. The Chevalier Canova. Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (1757– 1822) was commissioned by the Roman Government in 1815, after
- 60. the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, to recover the art treasures that had been taken to France. Note. He heard it. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV. 141. 166. Vestris. Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi, Madame Vestris (1797– 1856), the famous actress, subsequently wife of the younger Mathews. See vol. VIII. A View of the English Stage, p. 327 and note. 167. Razzi. Giovanni Antonio dei Razzi of Piedmont (1477–1549). Cortot. Jean Pierre Cortot (1787–1843). The Virgin and Child was painted for the Cathedral of Arras. PAGE 167. Espercieux. Jean Joseph Espercieux (1758–1840). Chaudet. Antoine Denis Chaudet (1763–1810). 168. Gayrard. Raymond Gayrard (1777–1858). CHAPTER XII November 4. Numbered XIII 170. The upturned eyes of wondering mortals. Romeo and Juliet, Act II. Sc. 2. His Devin du Village. Rousseau’s opera (1753), now best known because of the air in it called ‘Rousseau’s Dream.’ 171. Derivis. Henri Etienne Dérivis (1780–1856), operatic singer, renowned for his powerful bass voice. It is my vice to spy into abuses. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3. 173. Non sat[is] est pulchra poemata esse, dulcia sunto. Horace, Ars Poet., 99. 174. Madame Le Gallois. Amélie-Marie-Antoinette Legallois, born 1804. She was a favourite dancer for many years, and retired about 1839.
- 61. Nina. An Italian opera, produced at Naples, May 1787. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p. 325. Oh for a beaker full of the warm South. Keats, Ode to a Nightingale. Gazza Ladra. A comic opera by Rossini, produced 1817. Mombelli. Esther Mombelli (b. 1794). Pellegrini. Félix Pellegrini (1774–1832). 175. The Maid and the Magpie. See vol. VII. A View of the English Stage, pp. 244, 279. CHAPTER XIII April 5, 1825. Numbered XIV Note. Madame Pasta. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 324, et seq. 176. In summer shade [yield him], in winter fire. Pope, Ode on Solitude. Maritorneses. From the name of the servant wench in Don Quixote, who had hair like a horse’s tail. 177. A thing of life. Byron’s Corsair, Canto I. 3. Fit for speed succinct. Paradise Lost, III. 643. Mark how a plain tale shall put them down. 1 King Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 4. 178. Dr. S. Dr. Stoddart. See ante, note to p. 142. Famous poet’s pen. Cf. Spenser’s Verses to the Earl of Essex. 182. M. Martine’s Death of Socrates. Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat de Lamartine’s (1791–1869) work was published in 1823. A nation of shopkeepers. See vol. I. The Round Table, note to p. 150. M. de la Place. Pierre Antoine de la Place (1707–1793) translated Tom Jones. The third edition of 1751 is in the British Museum. 183. L. H. Leigh Hunt.
- 62. CHAPTER XIV April 6. Numbered XV Devoutly to be wished. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1. 184. Honest sonsie bawsont face. Burns, The Twa Dogs. The icy fang and season’s difference. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 1. Mr. Theodore Hook. Theodore Edward Hook (1788–1841), novelist and political writer, the Lucian Gay of ‘Coningsby,’ and editor of the Tory ‘John Bull’ newspaper. PAGE 186. Here was sympathy. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II. Sc. 1. De Stutt—Tracey’s ‘Idéologie.’ Antoine Louis Claude Comte Destutt de Tracy’s (1754–1836), Élémens d’Idéologie was published in 1817– 1818. Mignet’s French Revolution. François-Auguste-Marie Mignet’s (1796–1884) Histoire de la Révolution Française was published in 1824. Sayings and Doings. Nine novels of Theodore Hook, published 1826–1829. Irving’s Orations. Probably Edward Irving’s Four Orations for the Oracles of God, published in 1823, a third edition of which was issued in the following year. Cf. vol. iv. The Spirit of the Age, p. 228. The Paris edition of ‘Table Talk.’ See vol. VI. Bibliographical Note to Table Talk. 187. Note. Mr. Canning’s ‘faithlessness.’ He had the reputation for preferring devious paths. ‘I said of him “that his mind’s-eye squinted,”’ wrote Croker to Lord Brougham, March 1839. See the Croker Papers, vol. II. p. 352. Note. Like that ensanguined [sanguine] flower. Lycidas, 106. Note. Francesco Guicciardini’s (1483–1540), History of Italy from 1494–1532.
- 63. Note. Enrico Caterino Davila (1576–1631) of Padua, author of a History of the Civil Wars of France. 190. The merit of the death of Hotspur. 1 King Henry IV., Act V. Sc. 4. He who relished. i.e., Rousseau. The Magdalen Muse of Mr. Moore. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p. 368. 191. Where Alps o’er [on] Alps arise. Pope, Essay on Criticism, II. 32. This fortress, built by nature. King Richard II., Act II. Sc. 1. Nodded to him. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1. 193. Hemskirk. Maerten van Veen of Heemskerk, near Haarlem (1498–1574), a follower of Michael Angelo. Kean. Edmund Kean (1787–1833). 194. With cautious haste [wanton heed] and giddy cunning. L’Allegro, 141. CHAPTER XV July 15. Numbered XVI 196. A gentle usher; Authority [husher, vanity] by name. The Faerie Queene I., iv. 13. 197. Teres et rotundus. Horace, Sat. II. 7. Spagnoletto. Josef or Jusepe de Ribera, otherwise Lo Spagnoletto (1588–1656), of Spanish birth, whose chief work was done in Naples. His subjects are generally delineations of scourgings and other scenes of torture. See ante, note to p. 70. 200. With marriageable arms. Paradise Lost, V. 217. To-morrow to fresh fields [woods]. Lycidas, 193. Mr. Crabbe. George Crabbe (1754–1832).
- 64. 202. Serious in mortality. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3. 203. Methought she looked at us—So everyone believes that sees a Duchess!—Old Play. Perhaps Hazlitt had in mind the following lines from Middleton’s Women Beware Women, Act I. Sc. 3. Bian. ‘Did not the duke look up? methought he saw us. Mother. That’s every one’s conceit that sees a duke.’ Mengs. Anton Rafael Mengs (1728–1779), of Bohemian birth, best known by his fresco paintings. PAGE 204. The sense aches at them. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2. 205. John of Bologna. Born at Douai about 1524, died 1608, the greatest Italian sculptor, architect, and worker in bronze, after the death of Michael Angelo. Professor Mezzofanti. Joseph Caspar Mezzofanti (1771–1848), who was created Cardinal in 1838, and who claimed to be able to express himself in seventy-eight languages. Giotto. Giotto di Bondone (1266–76—1337), the inspirer of naturalistic painting in Italy. Ghirlandaio. Domenico Bigordi (1449–1494), generally called Ghirlandaio, the Garland-maker (his father was a goldsmith), one of the greatest artists in his time, and the teacher of Michael Angelo. 206. Note. Dr. Gall. John Joseph Gall, the phrenologist (1758–1828). See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 17 et seq. and 137 et seq. 207. By their works [fruits]. S. Matthew vii. 20. CHAPTER XVI July 22. Numbered XVII And when she spake. The Faerie Queene, II., II. 24.
- 65. 209. Cloud-clapt. Cf. ‘Cloud-capp’d towers.’ The Tempest, Act IV. Sc. 1. 211. My friend L. H. Leigh Hunt. The rival families of the Gerardeschi and the ——. The missing word should be Visconti. Enriched. Burns, Tam o’ Shanter, 16. 212. Enchants the world. Thomson, The Seasons, Summer, 1347. Lord Burghersh. John Fane, eleventh Earl of Westmorland (1784– 1859) was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Florence in 1814. 214. Alien Bill. In consequence of the flight from France during the Revolution, Alien Bills were passed in 1792–1793 giving the crown power to banish foreigners. Molière’s Tartuffe. For the ordinance of the Archbishop of Paris see MM. Despois and Mesnard’s edition of Molière, vol. IV. p. 322. Fishy fume. Paradise Lost, IV. 168. 215. Paved with good intentions. An old saying: Hazlitt probably had in mind Dr. Johnson’s use of it. (See Boswell’s Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill, vol. II. p. 360.) 216. Omne tulit punctum. Horace, Ars Poet., 343. 218. Otiosa Æternitas. Milton’s Sylvæ, De Ideâ Platonicâ Quemadmodum Aristoteles Intellexit. Redi. Francesco Redi (1626–1698), Italian physician, naturalist and poet. He helped in the compilation of the dictionary of the Academia Della Crusca. See Masson’s Life of Milton, 1881, vol. I. p. 786. CHAPTER XVII July 26. Numbered XVIII 219. Bandinello. Bartolommeo Bandinelli, sculptor, of Florence (1493–1560).
- 66. The Perseus of Benvenuto Cellini. See Roscoe’s translation of Cellini’s Memoirs, chapters 41, 43, etc. 220. Men of no mark or likelihood. 1 King Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2. 221. Even in death there is animation too. Cf. ‘That were a theme might animate the dead,’ Cowper, Table Talk, 202. PAGE 221. Forsyth. Joseph Forsyth (1763–1815), whose Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters, during an Excursion in Italy in the years 1802 and 1803, were published in 1813. 222. Elegant Extracts. Elegant Extracts in Prose, in Verse, and Epistles, 1789, and often reprinted later. Compiled by Vicesimus Knox (1752–1821), Master of Tonbridge School, 1778–1812. 223. Trim’s story of the sausage-maker’s wife. Tristram Shandy, Book II. 17. Labour of love. 1 Thessalonians i. 3. As Rousseau prided himself. Les Confessions, Partie II. Livre ix. 224. Just washed in the dew. The Taming of the Shrew, Act II. Sc. 1. Strange child-worship. Lamb, Lines on the celebrated picture by Leonardo da Vinci; called the Virgin of the Rocks. Luini. Bernardino Luini (c. 1460–70–c. 1530), whose style so resembles that of Leonardo da Vinci that it is difficult to distinguish their works. 225. Bronzino. A name applied to a family of Florentine painters, Angiolo Allori (1502–1572), Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), and Cristofano Allori (1577–1621). The late Mr. Opie. John Opie (1761–1807), portrait painter. See vol. VI. Mr. Northcote’s Conversations, p. 343 and note. A thing of life. Byron’s Corsair, Canto I. 3. 226. Deliberation sits and public care. Paradise Lost, II. 303. Julio Romano. See ante, note to p. 18. Andrea del Sarto. See ante, note to p. 25.
- 67. Giorgioni. See ante, note to p. 26. Schiavoni. ?Andrea Meldolla, or Il Schiavone (1522–1582), of Dalmatian birth, a follower of Titian. Cigoli. Lodovico Cardi, otherwise called Cigoli (1559–1613), Florentine painter, a follower of Andrea del Sarto and Michael Angelo. Fra Bartolomeo. Bartolommeo di Pagholo del Fattorino, generally called Fra Bartolommeo (1475–1517). Some of his earliest sketches he committed to the flames under the influence of Savonarola in 1489 and, later, became a monk. Shardborne beetle. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 2. Lady Morgan. Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan (1783?-1859), the novelist. Her Life of Salvator Rosa was published in 1823; see Hazlitt’s review of it, vol. X., Edinburgh Review Articles, pp. 276 et seq. CHAPTER XVIII July 29. Numbered XIX 229. Old Burnet. Thomas Burnet (1635?-1715), Master of the Charterhouse (1685–1715). See Telluris Theoria Sacra, lib. I. cap. 9. A thousand storms, a thousand winters. Beaumont and Fletcher’s Philaster, Act V. Sc. 3. 232. A house that had belonged to Milton. See vol. IV. The Spirit of the Age, pp. 189, 190 and note; and the frontispiece to vol. III. CHAPTER XIX August 12. Numbered XX
- 68. 234. Though Mr. Hobhouse has written Annotations. John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton de Gifford (1786–1869). See his Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of ‘Childe Harold,’ containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome, PAGE and an Essay on Italian Literature, 1818, and the Notes to the Canto in Byron’s Poetical Works. 234. He hears it not. Byron, Childe Harold, IV. cxli. with sundry alterations. 236. So sit two Kings of Brentford. Cowper, The Task, I. 78. 237. Youthful poets dream of [fancy] when they love. Rowe’s Fair Penitent, Act III. Sc. 1. Julia de Roubigne. A novel by Henry Mackenzie, the ‘Man of Feeling,’ (1745–1831), published 1777. Miss Milner. The heroine of Mrs. Elizabeth Inchbald’s (1753–1821) novel, A Simple Story (1791). 238. Guercino. See ante, note to p. 25. Garofolo. Benvenuto Tisi, called Garofolo from his birth-place (1481–1559). His best works are to be seen at Ferrara. 239. Gaspar Poussin. See ante, note to p. 14. Ariosto. Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533), the author of Orlando Furioso. Pietro da Cartona. Pietro Berrettini of Cartoni (1596–1669). The ceiling of the grand saloon of the Palazzo Barberini is his; it is generally recognised as one of the greatest accomplishments of decorative art. 240. Andrea Sacchi. A Roman painter (d. 1661). His greatest work is the ‘St. Romuald with his Monks’ in the Vatican. CHAPTER XX 242. Scribe. Eugène Scribe (1791–1861).
- 69. Cribb. Tom Cribb (1781–1848), the champion pugilist. See vol. IV. The Spirit of the Age, note to p. 223. 244. A tub to a whale. The tradition is an old one, but Hazlitt may have had in mind the Preface to Swift’s Tale of a Tub. The allusion is undoubtedly to Canning’s recognition of the independence of the Spanish American Colonies in 1823. Fænum in cornu. Horace, Sat. I. iv. 33. 245. Lily-livered. Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 3 and King Lear, Act II. Sc. 2. But that two-handed engine at the door. Lycidas, 130. 246. Finds a taint in the Liberal. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p. 379 and note. Mr. Waithman. Robert Waithman (1764–1833), linen-draper, pamphleteer, Lord Mayor of London (1823), and M.P. for London (1818–1820, 1826–1833). Dr. E. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt states that the name should be Edwards. This incident forms a singular parallel with Johnson’s meeting with his fellow-collegian, Edwards. See Boswell, ed. G. B. Hill, III. 302 et seq. Note. A Mr. Law. Probably a son of Thomas Law (1759–1834), of Washington, writer on finance, whose brother was Edward Law, first Baron Ellenborough (1750–1818). 247. The John Bull. Theodore Hook’s paper. See vol. IV., The Spirit of the Age, p. 217 and note. Mr. Shee’s tragedy. Sir Martin Arthur Shee (1769–1850), one of the founders of the British Institution, portrait painter, and President of the Royal Academy, 1830–50. See ante, p. 434. His play, Alasco, on the partition of Poland, was accepted by Charles Kemble for Covent Garden, but prohibited by the examiner of plays, George Colman the younger. It was published in 1824. To be direct and honest is not safe. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3. Can these things be. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4. PAGE
- 70. 247. Note. Mr. Barrow. Sir John Barrow (1764–1848) was second secretary of the Admiralty, 1804–1806 and 1807–1845. Croker of course was the other secretary of the Admiralty as well as a contributor to the Quarterly. 248. Very stuff o’ the conscience. Othello, Act I. Sc. 2. Note. Chief Justice Holt. Sir John Holt (1642–1710), Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench (1689–1710), the Verus of The Tatler. See No. 14, May 12, 1709. 249. Man seldom is. ‘Man never Is, but always To be blest.’ Pope, Essay on Man, I. 96. There’s no such thing. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III. Sc. 3. 250. M. Beyle ... De l’Amour. Marie Henri Beyle’s (1783–1842) work was published in 1822. He is better known under his pseudonym of Stendhal. His best works are Le Rouge et le Noir (1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (1839). CHAPTER XXI September 6. Numbered XXII Number XXIV., Sept. 9, begins with the paragraph ‘Tivoli is an enchanting,’ etc., on p. 257. 253. Native to the manner here. ‘Native here, and to the manner born.’ Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 4. Forsyth. See ante, note to p. 221. He speaks of the butcher sticking gold-leaf on his mutton’ (ed. 1813, p. 298). 254. Maria Cosway. Maria Cecilia Louisa Cosway (fl. 1820), miniature painter, of Florentine birth and English extraction. She married Richard Cosway in 1781.