English Language teaching Approaches...

TESOL METHODOLOGY
Ahmad Javed
Country Director
International TEFL
Training institute
Pakistan

TESOL METHODOLOGY
Approach:
The theory of how the particular lesson is taught best.
Method:
A list of techniques used in the lesson. The techniques
should be listed in the order in which they will happen in
the lesson.
Techniques:
Tasks or activities selected by the teacher for the students
to practice the chosen language skills in the lesson.
Examples:
Flashcards, games, worksheets, role-play, pair-work,
discussion.

Communicative approach:
 The primary goal of language teaching is
enabling students to use the language to
communicate. Communication involves using
language functions as well as grammar
structures.
 Language is used in a social Context and
should be appropriate to setting topic and
participants.

Communicative approach (Cont) :
 Students should be given an opportunity to
negotiate meaning, i.e; to try to make
themselves understood.
 Students should be able to express their
opinions and share their ideas and feelings, i.e;
learn to communicate by communicating.

The natural approach:
 The natural approach is based on the theory that learning
a second language is best done in a way that does not
inhibit students from speaking and participating in class.
 Students hold back from producing speech in class, as
they are afraid of making mistakes.
 This approach is designed to allow students to practice
speaking without the fear of correction as no mistakes are
corrected in the lesson.
 It focuses on fluency of communication rather than
accuracy of grammar.

Task-based approach:
 The students learn a second language best by
performing tasks in the target language.
 The focus is more on completing the task being taught
rather than the language being used.
 Students are given a task to complete e.g. “planning an
excursion” while using the English language. When they
have completed the task, the teacher can, if necessary
provide specific language study to help clear up some of
the problems the students had while doing the task.

Lexical approach:
The language is best learnt through
vocabulary taught in word families.

Students centred approach:
 This approach focuses on the students needs and interests.
 Activities are chosen on what the students need to know
or need to be able to do.
 The uses the student as a valuable information resource in
the classroom.
 The teacher extracts student relevant vocabulary and
topics, then builds lesson around them.
 This helps to create independent learners by teaching
students to self-correct and peer-correct.

Whole language approach:
 This approach focuses on teaching all
aspects of the English language
simultaneously.
 Listening, speaking, reading, writing,
spelling, vocabulary and grammar are all
stressed.

Grammar Translation approach:
 This approach focuses on gaining knowledge of the
language, i.e; grammatical accuracy rather than
fluency of communication.
 Grammar and accuracy are stressed.
 Grammar is learned through reading, translation, drills,
repetition and memorization.
 The classroom is a formal setting and is teacher
centred.
 Tasks are mechanical and lacking in creativity.
 Language is “learned” as apposed to “acquired”.

Total physical response approach:
 TPR is based on the notion that learning a second or
other language should be based on a model of first
language learning.
 Listening or understanding the spoken language
precedes speaking.
 Language learning is associated with body movement
and rhythm, and listening, prepares a learner for
speaking.
 Meaning in the target language can only be conveyed
through actions.

Audio-lingual method:
 Language learning is a process of habit formation.
 It is important for teachers to prevent student error
since errors can lead to the formation of bad
habits.
 Students should overlearn the sentence patterns
of the target language.
 Positive reinforcement helps students to develop
correct habits.

Suggestopedia:
Learning is facilitated in a pleasant,
comfortable environment.
The more confident the students feel, the
better they will learn.

Eclectic approach:
 This allowed teachers to combine a variety of
techniques that would normally fall under the
theory of several different approaches.
 This gives a lesson flexibility and variety.
 Students learn language through practising a
combination of techniques the teacher feels
suits the need of the students and allows them
to achieve the lessons language objectives.

English Language teaching Approaches...

English Language teaching Approaches...

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