Error Analysis with Examples and Details
- 1. By: Syeda Uzma Paiam
- 2. Outline • Objectives • Introduction To Error Analysis • Difference between error and mistake • Types Of Errors In Linguistics • Forms Of Errors • Sources/Causes Of Errors • Steps In Error Analysis • Conclusion
- 3. Objectives At the end of this presentation students will be able to: • Define error and error analysis • Identify the different types of errors • Explain the sources of errors • Describe the process of error analysis
- 4. What is an error? • An error is a systematic deviation from the rules of the target language • Errors occur when learner deviates from the norms of the language being learned. • An error is the use of a word, speech or grammatical items in such a way it seems imperfect and indicates an incomplete learning.
- 5. Difference Between Error And Mistake Error Mistake Error is systematic deviation Mistake is random deviation Error cannot be self corrected Mistake can be self corrected Errors occur due to incomplete learning Mistakes occur due to carelessness
- 6. Error analysis • Error analysis, a branch of “applied linguistic” developed by Pit Corder in 1960s. • Error analysis is the study of errors made by the second and foreign language learners.” • It is the process to observe, analyze, and classify the deviations of the rules of the second
- 7. Why Error Analysis Is Done? 1. To find out the level of language proficiency the learner has reached. 2. To obtain information about common difficulties in language learning. 3. To find out how people learn a language.
- 8. Types of errors There are two types of errors 1. Interlingual errors 2. Intralingual errors
- 9. 1. Interlingual Errors • Errors that occur due to the negative influence the mother tongue on the performance of target language are interlingual errors. • It depends on linguistic differences between the first language and the target language.
- 10. Interlingual Errors tree” ship” • Examples • Substitution of words like “ three • Shortening of long vowels like “sheep , “meet mit” • Transfer of the morphological elements of L1 Two pig took the role of leader (pigs)
- 11. 2. Intralingual Errors • Intralingual error is an error that takes place due to a misuse of a particular rule of the target language • Intralingual errors occur due to the faulty or partial learning of target language. • it is, in fact, quite the opposite of Interlingual error, it puts the target language into focus.
- 12. Intralingual Errors • Examples: • Overgeneralization when a learner uses the regular past tense verb ending -ed like “I walked” to produce sentences like “I goed” or “I rided” because he thinks that “ed” rule can be applied to every verb. • Faulty categorization she wants to lives in Paris (live)
- 13. Forms Of Errors • Omission Leaving out some required linguistic elements. Example: My father is doctor (instead of My father is a doctor) • Addition Unnecessary use of certain elements in sentences Example: Please answer to my letter soon. • Substitution Replacement of incorrect elements for correct ones Example: I am not afraid from dogs.
- 15. Sources/Causes Of Errors 1. Overgeneralization 2. Incomplete application of rules 3. Transfer error 4. The teaching style 5. The materials 6. Literal Translation 7. Communication strategies. 8. Carelessness and lack of motivation can also be a source of error
- 16. Steps In Error Analysis Collection of Data Identificationof Data Description of Errors Explanation of Errors Correction of Errors
- 17. 1. Collection of Errors • The first stage of error analysis is ‘collection of error’. In this stage We have to collect the relevant data that contains errors committed by the language learners. Data may be written or spoken, general or specific
- 18. 2. Identification of Errors • In second stage, existing errors in data are identified. It means distinguishing errors. For this, errors are distinguished from mistakes in general. • Errors are distinguished from mistakes on the basis of their occurring frequency.
- 19. 3. Description of Errors • Description of the errors is a comparative process between the learner’s incorrect sentence and correct statement to show where the learner has committed the error. • The description of errors follows the categorization of errors such as grammatical errors which includes. Omission, Addition, Substitution ,wrong transformation, wrong plural formation and use of wrong verb forms etc
- 20. 4. Explanation of Errors • The explanation of errors is concerned with accounting for why and how errors come about. • The explanation of errors is an investigation into the reasons as to why the learner has deviated from the rules of the target language. • In other words we can say that explanation of error means determining the causes of error.
- 21. Correction of Errors • In the correction of errors, the teachers correct the errors or the learners correct themselves under the guidance of the teacher. It is not the actual stage of error analysis but goal of error analysis.
- 22. Conclusion • Error analysis is a useful technique to define the learner’s errors of second language. • It is beneficial to the learner and the teacher both because it gives valuable feedback to both teachers and learners regarding strategies and progress. • It is compulsory to evaluate the current status of the learner. It also indicates the problem areas and the solutions of them.