ES_Biodiversity_1_Intro&Types
- 1. BIO DIVERSITY INTRODUCTION,CONCEPTS, TYPES Lecture by : SRINIVAS GAJJELA ASST.PROFESSOR@RGUKT BASAR. TS
- 2. BIO DIVERSITY • All the variety of life present on the Earth- Plants, Animals, fungi, micro organisms as well as communities that they form & the habitats in which they live is called Biodiversity. • Biodiversity represents the variability within & among the ecosystems, species & genetic material • The term Biodiversity was introduced by ‘Walter Rosen’.
- 3. WHAT IS A SPECIES? • A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. • The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial, • e.g. Homo sapiens.
- 4. • An Ecosystem includes all the living things – plants, animals, fungi & Microorganisms in a given area interacting with other & also with other non living components like weather, sun, soil. • It is thus the interaction of living & non living things in a particular environment. • A biome : is a specific geographic area notable for large community of plants & animals that live there. – Ex: Tropical rainforests, A Desert & A grassland.
- 5. • ECOSYSTEM: • An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. • These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows
- 6. • “Without biodiversity, there is no future for humanity” - Prof David Macdonald, at Oxford University. • Biodiversity plays an integral role in the way ecosystems work and in the benefits they provide. • Some of the benefits of biodiversity include: – Regulating elements such as climate, water quality, disease, and pollination. – Provisioning resources such as food, clean water, industrial raw materials, and genetic resources. – Cultural promotion such as recreational, aesthetics, spiritual benefits
- 7. • It has been estimated that more than 50million species of plants, animals,& microorganisms exist in the world. • Out of these about 1.4million species have been identified so far. • Each species is adapted well to live in a specific environment. – Mountains peaks, depths of the seas, polar ice caps/ tropical rain forests & deserts. • All this biodiversity of life is confined to a one kilometer thick layer of lithosphere, hydrosphere & atmosphere –which forms the biosphere.
- 9. Types of BIO DIVERSITY • Biodiversity is a key measure of the health any ecosystem & of our entire planet. • Every living organism is dependent on each other & also on the non living components. Ex: Plants & animals need each other for food & depend on the nature for water, shelter etc. • Biodiversity describes the how much variety there is in an ecosystem, species, & genetically within a species.
- 10. Types / Levels of BIO DIVERSITY • There are 4 levels of Biodiversity : 1. Species diversity 2. Genetic Diversity 3. Ecosystem / community diversity 4. Functional diversity.
- 12. 1. Species diversity • The no. of different species of plants, animals, fungi & microorganisms that are represented in a given community is called Species diversity. • Ex: Palm trees, Elephants, or bacteria. • The number of species that live in a particular location is called species richness. • The no. of individuals in each species is called species abundance.
- 13. SPECIES EVENNESS A - SPECIES is ABUNDANCE
- 15. 2. Genetic Diversity • Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characters in the genetic makeup of a species. • The more genetic diversity a population has the more likelihood the population will be able to adapt & survive. • Ex: Poodles, German shepherds & golden retrievers are all dogs, but they look different as they have different genes.
- 18. VARIATIONS IN BUTTERFLIES - GENETIC DIVERSITY
- 19. How many butterflies do you know ????? BUTTER FLIES
- 20. 3. Ecosystem or community diversity • It refers to the biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. • Each ecosystem corresponds to a series of complex relationships between – biotic components (living- plants, animals, fungi & microorganisms) and – abiotic (non living –sunlight, air, water, minerals, nutrients… ). • Ex: Tropical rain forest ecosystem, desert ecosystem, river ecosystem. etc
- 22. 4.Functional diversity • It is the way species behave, obtain food and use natural resources of an ecosystem. • In general a species rich ecosystem will have high functional diversify because there are many species with many different behavior. • Functional diversity is useful to ecologists trying to conserve or restore it when it is damaged, because knowing the behaviors and roles of species can point to gaps in a food cycle or ecological niche that lack species.