Executive Information System in Management Information System
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The document discusses executive information systems (EIS), which support management decision-making through access to relevant internal and external information, while noting their advantages such as improved decision-making and time savings, as well as disadvantages like high costs and potential information overload. It also describes knowledge-based systems (KBS) that utilize AI for problem-solving and decision support, alongside the components of expert systems including user interface, inference engine, and knowledge base. Lastly, it highlights various types of office automation systems (OAS) that streamline business functions and enhance efficiency.
Executive Information System in Management Information System
- 1. Executive Information System Chapter # 7 Abdul Rashed Barakzai
- 2. Introduction An Executive Information System (EIS) also known as an Executive support system It represents a type of Management Information System (MIS) whose purpose is to facilitate access to information and support executive management in the decision-taking process. It offers internal and external information, relevant in reaching the organization strategic objectives.
- 4. Advantages of Executive Information System (EIS) Decision Making Time and cost Saving Personal Efficiency Organization Communication Encourage Learning Competitive advantages
- 5. Dis-advantages of Executive Information System (EIS) System dependent Limited functionality, by design Information Overload for some managers Benefits hard to quantify High implementation costs System may become slow, large, and hard to manage Need good internal processes for data management May lead to less reliable and less secure data Excessive cost for small company
- 6. Knowledge Base System A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer system which generates and utilizes knowledge from different sources, data and information. These systems aid in solving problems, especially complex ones, by utilizing artificial intelligence concepts. These systems are mostly used in problem- solving procedures and to support human learning, decision making and actions. A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a program that captures and uses knowledge from a variety of sources. A KBS assists with solving problems, particularly complex issues, by artificial intelligence. These systems are primarily used to support human decision making, learning, and other activities
- 7. What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. ... Getting machines to simulate human intelligence is the fundamental goal of AI.
- 9. ExpertSystem Expert system, a computer program that uses artificial-intelligence methods to solve problems within a specialized domain that ordinarily requires human expertise.
- 10. Component of Expert System 1. User Interface 2. Inference Engine 3. Knowledge Base
- 11. 1. User Interface User Interface: With the help of a user interface, the expert system interacts with the user, takes queries as an input in a readable format, and passes it to the inference engine. After getting the response from the inference engine, it displays the output to the user. In other words, it is an interface that helps a non-expert user to communicate with the expert system to find a solution.
- 12. 2. Inference Engine The inference engine is known as the brain of the expert system as it is the main processing unit of the system. It applies inference rules to the knowledge base to derive a conclusion or deduce new information. With the help of an inference engine, the system extracts the knowledge from the knowledge base. There are two types of inference engine: 1. Deterministic Inference engine: The conclusions drawn from this type of inference engine are assumed to be true. It is based on facts and rules. 2. Probabilistic Inference engine: This type of inference engine contains uncertainty in conclusions, and based on the probability.
- 13. 3. Knowledge Base The knowledgebase is a type of storage that stores knowledge acquired from the different experts of the particular domain. The more the knowledge base, the more precise will be the Expert System. It is similar to a database that contains information and rules of a particular domain or subject. One can also view the knowledge base as collections of objects and their attributes. Such as a Lion is an object and its attributes are it is a mammal, it is not a domestic animal, etc.
- 14. Continue… Components of Knowledge Base 1. Factual Knowledge: The knowledge which is based on facts and accepted by knowledge engineers comes under factual knowledge. 2. Heuristic Knowledge: This knowledge is based on practice, the ability to guess, evaluation, and experiences.
- 15. Office Automation System Office Automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning. In addition, functions that once required coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an organization, saving both time and money.
- 16. TYPES OF OAS: 1. Office productivity 2. Knowledge management 3. Intranets 4. Process automation 5. Administration system 6. Trainings 7. Business software 8. Data processing 9. Data management 10. Integration 11. Communication 12. Facilities 13. internal control
- 17. Main 6 Types of Information System 1. Transaction Processing Systems. 2. Office Automation Systems. 3. Knowledge Management Systems. 4. Management Information Systems. 5. Decision Support Systems. 6. Executive Support System.