SAD ASSIGN :)

Assuming The Role of
The System Analyst
Lecture 1
MSCH 241
Wid Yamani

Agenda
 Information
 System
 Types of Systems
 Technologies for Systems
 Roles of System Analyst

Information
 Information is a data that have been processed and
analyzed, so that the results are directly useful to
those in operation and management.
 Information is derived from data by interpretation
 Information is an organizational resource, which
must be managed as carefully as other resources.
 Costs are associated with information processing.

System Definition:
 The supervisor program or operating system on a
computer.
 The entire computer system, including
input/output devices
 Any large program.
 Any method or algorithm.
 Any collection of components that work together
to perform a task.
 An organized method of achieving a goal.
 A set of components that function together in a
meaningful way to accomplish a certain set of
objectives

System
 A collection of subsystems that are interrelated and
interdependent, working together to accomplish
predetermined goals and objectives. All systems have input,
processes, output, and feedback. One example is a computer
information system; another is an organization.
Input
System
Output
Processing

Types of Systems:
Information systems fall into one of the following eight
categories:
 Transaction processing systems (TPS).
 Office automation systems (OAS).
 Knowledge work systems (KWS).
 Management information systems (MIS).
 Decision support systems (DSS).
 Expert systems (ES) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
 Group decision support systems (GDSS) and
Computer-Supported Collaborative Work Systems.
 Executive support systems (EES).

Transaction Process System (TPS)
 Operational level
 Developed to process large amount of data
for routine transaction.
 Reduces time
 People still must input data to computerized
systems
 Up-to-the-minute information about the
companies
Example: Payroll , Inventory.

Office Automation Systems (OAS)
 Knowledge level
 Support data workers who analyze
information as to transform data or
manipulate it before sharing it with
organization
 Word processor, spreadsheet, desktop
publishing, E-mail, video conferencing,
voice mail.

Knowledge work System (KWS)
 Knowledge level
 Support professional workers such as
scientists, engineers, doctors.
 Aiding professional to create new knowledge

Management information System
(MIS)
 Definition: a computer-based system composed of
people, software, hardware, and procedures that
share a common database to help users interpret
and apply data to the business
 Higher level
 Do not replace TPS , but it Includes TPS
 Users share common data base ( Data & Models)
 Output information that is used in decision making
 Help unite functions of a business
 Does not exist as a singular structure

Decision support system
 Higher level class
 Depends on a database as a source of data
 support the decision making, but leave the
ultimate decision to decision maker
 Closely tailored to the person or group using
them

Expert Systems and Artificial
Intelligence
 (AI) machines behave intelligently by:
 Understanding natural language
 Reason through problems to its logical conclusion
 Expert system use the approach of AI reasoning to
solve problem put to them by business users
 Expert system = knowledge-based system
 Select the best solution to a problem
 component of expert system:
 Knowledge base (SQL)
 user interface

Group Decision Support System
 Permit groups to interact with electronic specialized
software and special group facilitator
 Bring group together to solve problem ex. polling,
questionnaires, brain storming.
 Minimize negative group behavior
 Lack of participation due to the fear of expressing unpopular
viewpoint
 Domination by vocal group member
 Group thinking.
 Computer-supported collaborative work system is another
general term for GDSS but include team collaboration via
networked computers

Executive Support System
 Help executives organize their interactions
with the external environment by providing
graphics and communication support in
boardrooms or personal offices
 Relay on information generated by TPS and
MIS

Integrating Technologies for
Systems
 E-Commerce application and web systems
 Enterprise resource planning systems
 System for wireless and handheld devices
 Open source software

Ecommerce applications and web
systems
 Increase awareness of availability of a
service, product, industry, person, or group.
 The possibility of 24 hour access for users
 Standardizing the design of the interface
 Creating a system that can extend globally
rather than remain local, thus reaching people
in remote locations without worry of the time
zone in which they are located.

Enterprise resource planning
systems
 Integrate many information systems existing
on different management level and within
different functions
 Requires enormous commitment and
organizational change
 Software: SAP, PeopleSoft, and packages
from oracle.
 Requires vender training for maintenance,
install , update and use.

Systems for wireless and handheld
devices
 Designing systems for wireless devises and
handheld computers. (Palm , PDAs)
 Designing standard or wireless communication
network (voice, video, and email)
 Wireless ecommerce is referred to as mcommerce.
 Designing wireless local area network ( WLANs)
 Designing intelligent agent software. (amazon.com)

Open Source Software
 Software development in which proprietary code is
hidden from users.
 Distributing software free and publishing its source
code
 Code can be studied, shared and modified by many
users and programmers. Large problems may
solved through extensive collaboration.
 How companies make money?
Providing support, customizing programs for users
 Useful for handheld devices and communication
equipment.

Need for System Analysis and
Design
 Analyze, design , and implement
improvements in the functioning of business
through the use of computerized information
system
 Installing a system without proper planning
will lead to great dissatisfaction and
frequently causes the system to fall.

Roles of System Analyst
 Systems analysts act as:
 Outside consultants to businesses.
 Supporting experts within a business.
 As change agents.

System Analyst as Consultant
 Analyst are hired to address information systems
issues within a business
 Analyzing and designing appropriate information systems
 Rely on info sys users to understand the org. culture from
others viewpoint.
 Advantage: Bring with them a fresh prospective
that other member of an organization do not posses
 Disadvantage: True organization culture can never
be known to an outsider

System Analyst as support expert
 Draws on professional expertise concerning
the computer hardware and software and their
uses in business.
 They are not managing the project but serving
as a resource for those who are.

System analyst as Agent of Change
 Perform any activity in the system development life cycle.
 Develops a plan for change and works with others in
facilitating the change
 Interact with users and management from the very beginning
in order to understand what is happening in the organization.
 If change seems reasonable after analysis the next step is to
develop a plan for the change with people who must enact the
change
 Support a particular avenue of change involving the use of
information system.
 Teach users the process of change, because changes in the
information system do not occur independently , but cause
change in the rest of the org.

Qualities of the System Analyst
 Problem solver, view and analyze problems as a
challenge and enjoy devising workable solutions.
 Communicator, relate to people over extended
periods of time.
 Computer experience
 Have strong personal and professional ethics to
help shape the relations with clients.
 Self disciplined and self motivated who can manage
numerous projects.

Homework
 Define the term expert system. How expert system
differ from decision support system.(q5, p. 23)
 List the problem of group interaction that group
decision support system (GDSS) and computer-
supported collaboration work system (CSCWS)
were designed to address ( q.6, p. 23)
 List three roles that the system analyst is called
upon to play. Provide a definition for each one.
(q13 ,p.23)

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