Exoplanets for the Masses: Crowdsourcing the Search for New Worlds
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1) The document discusses how citizen science projects like Planet Hunters and Exoplanet Explorers have helped discover exoplanets by analyzing light curve data from NASA's Kepler and K2 missions. 2) The NASA TESS mission, launched in 2018, will provide light curves for over 20 million stars that will need analysis from citizen scientists through new crowdsourcing platforms. 3) Citizen science has proven highly impactful in exoplanet discovery so far and will continue to play an important role in analyzing the huge amount of data expected from NASA's TESS mission.
Exoplanets for the Masses: Crowdsourcing the Search for New Worlds
- 1. Exoplanets for the Masses: Crowdsourcing the Search for New Worlds Dr. Joshua Schlieder NASA Goddard Space Flight Center CSW2018 - Oct. 27, 2018 joshua.e.schlieder@nasa.gov
- 3. (Sizes to scale - Separations NOT to scale) Asteroids What about planets around other stars?
- 4. Why Study Exoplanets? 1. Planet Formation - From gas and dust to planets —> how? 2. Planet Demographics - Are there diverse planets orbiting the diversity of stars? 3. Habitability - How common are planets that can potentially support life?
- 5. Finding Exoplanets - The Transit Method Monitor the brightness of a star while a planet crosses in front and measure a characteristic drop https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/
- 6. Kepler and K2 - Measuring Transits From Space NASA Kepler measured the brightness of about 150,000 stars, every 30 minutes, over 4 years Kepler discovered more than 2,500 exoplanets and taught us something fundamental about the Universe – Planets are common and most stars host them!
- 7. A Sad Day for Exoplaneteers May 2013 – hardware failures lead to the loss of Kepler pointing control Kepler becomes K2 and continues discovering exoplanets – more than 300 as of September 2018!
- 8. Kepler and K2 – A Wealth of Data The data from Kepler/K2 is represented as a light curve Time (days) Brightness Brightness Brightness Petigura et al. 2016
- 9. Kepler and K2 – A Wealth of Data Kepler and K2 have provided a very large number of light curves Kepler light curves - >150,000 K2 light curves - >500,000 and counting The large data set and nature of the light curves make Kepler/K2 prime for crowdsourced citizen science!
- 10. Exoplanet Citizen Science Projects hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform (www.zooniverse.org) www.planethunters.org www.exoplanetexplorers.org
- 11. Planet Hunters - www.planethunters.org
- 12. Planet Hunters - www.planethunters.org
- 13. Planet Hunters - www.planethunters.org
- 14. Planet Hunters - www.planethunters.org What have Planet Hunters citizen scientists discovered? A planet in a quadruple star system “The most mysterious star in the Galaxy” Schwamb et al. 2013, Haven Giguere/Yale; Boyajian et al. 2016, NASA/JPL
- 18. Exoplanet Explorers www.exoplanetexplorers.org What have Exoplanet Explorers citizen scientists discovered? April 2017 - A five planet system discovered on live TV Christiansen et al. 2018, ABC/BBC/Zooniverse
- 19. What’s next for Exoplanet Citizen Science? Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS An MIT led NASA Astrophysics Mission launched in April 2018
- 20. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS -Four telescopes -High precision brightness measurements of the closest stars -All-sky survey over 2 years -Designed to detect transiting planets in the Solar Neighborhood
- 21. TESS - four small telescopes working together 24o 96o
- 22. TESS’s First Planet Candidate Huang et al. 2018, Gandolfi et al. 2018 By the end of its mission, TESS will provide light curves for >20,000,000(!) stars Citizen scientists will be needed and astronomers are getting ready with new crowdsourcing platforms – stay tuned!
- 23. Exoplanet Citizen Science -Kepler /K2 provided data for exoplanet discovery via crowdsourcing -Citizen scientists used Planet Hunters and Exoplanet Explorers to make high impact discoveries -TESS will provide tens of millions of light curves for crowdsourced citizen science
- 25. Kepler - Exoplanets as of 2017 NASA
- 26. Kepler - What did we learn? A planetary censusPlanets are COMMON and most stars host at least one Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes are the most frequent planets NASA, Petigura+2013 Earth size planets in habitable zones? Some detected, but very hard!
- 27. The road to launch Observatory fully integrated and tested
- 28. The road to launch Complete TESS space craft sent to Kennedy Space Center to undergo final preparation for launch
- 29. TESS Commissioning Observations TESS data is rich with science MIT, NASA
- 30. TESS First Light NASA, MIT
Editor's Notes
- #5: Micron sized dust grains grow 13 orders of magnitude in size and 40 orders of magnitude in mass in millions of years
- #9: Introduce Light curves, Show examples, Describe that there is more to be found – large data volume, biases in planet detection algorithms, prime for crowd sourcing
- #10: Introduce Light curves, Show examples, Describe that there is more to be found – large data volume, biases in planet detection algorithms, prime for crowd sourcing
- #19: Star Gazing Live Chris Lintott, Brian Cox, Julia Zemiro
- #21: TESS - 200,000 bright targets @2 min cadence, Full Frame Images - 20,000,000 stars @30 min cadence JWST - transmission spectroscopy from 1 - 11 microns using NIRISS, 2 NIRCam grism settings, and MIRI - emission spectroscopy also an option
- #22: TESS - 200,000 bright targets @2 min cadence, Full Frame Images - 20,000,000 stars @30 min cadence
- #23: Known planet is on a 2000 day orbit and is ~10 Jupiter masses.