Experimental Test Conducted on Concrete by Replacing Sand with GBFS and Adding Coconut Fibres
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This document summarizes an experimental study that tested concrete with sand replaced by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and added coconut fibers. Several concrete mixes were tested with 10-50% sand replacement by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber content by weight of cement. Compression, flexural, and split tensile strength tests were performed on concrete cube and cylinder specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that concrete with 30-40% sand replaced by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber achieved the highest compressive strengths of 54.81 MPa and 57.01 MPa at 28 days, indicating GBFS and coconut fiber can improve concrete properties when used as partial replacements.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3387
5. CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion for this study can be given as follows:
Compression strength increases in case of addition
of coconut fibre up to 2% of fibre by weight of
cement in concrete and further increase in fibre
content reduced the strength of the concrete.
Coconut fiber being low in thickness lessens the
general weight of the fiber fortified solid therefore
its utilized as a basic light weight concrete.
The compressive quality of solid increments with
increment in GBFS rate up to a 40 rate supplanting
of fine total alongside 2% fibre and after that it
diminishes.
Compressive strength for 40% replacement of fine
aggregate and 2% fibre is found to be maximum for
7 days, 14 days and 28 days test.
Utilizing of GBFS as a substitution of finetotal might
demonstrate a temperate and earth cordial
arrangement.
Addition of coconut fibre to concrete will give good
strength but there is reduction in workability forall
replacement levels therefore it is must to add super
plasticizers to increase workability.
Addition of coir fibre will arrest the micro cracks
present in the concrete.
By using coconut fibres as reinforcing material in
concrete, the environmental waste can be
eliminated as well as it is easily availableandcheap.
Coconut fibre fortified cement can upgrade higher
sturdiness. Coconut fiber strengthened cement has
indicated less number of break advancements and
split width.
5.1 Scope for future study
When fibre is added to concrete blending turns out
to be extremely difficult and prompts arrangement
of a different blend. The homogeneous blend canbe
obtained by adding different chemicals.
Addition of some admixtures can help to lessen the
quantity of voids which are shaped to thepresentof
strands in the solid.
Further acid attack, permeability test, water
absorption test, corrosion test can be done on
concrete specimen.
REFERENCES
[1] Abhijeet.R. Agrawal, Sanket.S.Dhase, Kautuk.S.Agrawal,
January, 2014 “Coconut Fiber in Concrete to enhanceits
Strength and making Lightweight Concrete”. e-ISSN:
2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, Volume 9, Issue 8
(January 2014), PP. 64-67.
[2] Ali Majid, Anthony Liu, Hou Sou, Nawawi Chouw,
"Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Coconut Fiber
Reinforced Concrete." Construction and Building
Materials. Reed Business Information, Inc. (US). 2012.
High Beam Research. 5 Sep. 2013.
[3] Baruah, P., and Talukdar, S. 2007. A comparative study
of compressive, flexural, tensile and shear strength of
concrete with fibres of different origins.IndianConcrete
Journal, 81(7): 17-24.
[4] Gaurav Singh, Souvik Das, Abdulaziz Abdullahi Ahmed,
Showmen Saha and Somnath Karmakar June, 2015
“Study of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine
Aggregates in Concrete for Sustainable Infrastructure”
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 ( 2015 )
2272 – 2279.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i7670-170915104413/85/Experimental-Test-Conducted-on-Concrete-by-Replacing-Sand-with-GBFS-and-Adding-Coconut-Fibres-6-320.jpg)
Experimental Test Conducted on Concrete by Replacing Sand with GBFS and Adding Coconut Fibres
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3382 EXPERIMENTAL TEST CONDUCTED ON CONCRETE BY REPLACING SAND WITH GBFS AND ADDING COCONUT FIBRES Chaitra.D1, Sowmya.S.M2 1PG Student Department of Civil Engineering SDIT Kenjar, Mangaluru, India. 2Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering SDIT Kenjar, Mangaluru, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Sand is an essential material utilized for preparation of mortar and concrete, it additionally plays a noteworthy part in mix design. These days, there is a shortage of river sand because of disintegration of stream bed. GBFS is one of the promising feasible answer for substitution of sand as they are the waste acquired from steel industry. We realize that concrete is week in strain to defeat this reaction of concrete, natural fibre can be utilized in concrete. This review is directed bysupplantingsandwith GBFS and utilizing coconut fibre in cement. Keywords: Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Coconut fibre. 1.INTRODUCTION Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates,wateralongside some admixtures. In future it is critical to take care of the worldwide demand of cement,alongtheselinesitisessential to locate a creative and appropriate methods for development technique and in addition development materials. Innovative construction should mainly aim to reduce the harmful environmental impacts which is readily to be produced from construction industry. As there is growth in construction field takingplacethereisa scarcityof raw materials which is necessary for construction process. There is lot of scarcity for fine aggregate in present days, therefore it is important to find alternative raw material for fine aggregate. Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is the raw material which has similar properties to that of river sand and it is the waste material obtained from steel industry. GBFS is one of the promising material that can be used as fine aggregate. We all know that concrete is weak in tension and is good in compression. In order to make concrete good in tension reinforcing of concrete is done. In this projectnatural fibreis used in concrete for reinforcement, i.e., coconut fibre. Coconut fibre is one of the natural fibre which is easily available, cheap and environmental friendly material.. Addition of coconut fibre to the concrete will reduce the cracks in concrete by arresting it. 1.1 Objectives of the experiment To find the strength of concrete when sand is replaced by GBFS. To find out the properties of fresh concrete. To concentrate the conceivable outcomes to utilize the coconut fibre notwithstanding alternate constituents of cement and to concentrate the quality properties. To examine the compressive quality, flexural quality, split elasticity, and furthermore to direct non-ruinous test like Rebound mallet test and Ultra sonic Pulse speed test. 1.2 Scope of experiment GBFS is the waste obtained from steel industry, disposing this into environment is very dangerous therefore using GBFS in concrete will reduce the bad effect of disposal. Coconut coir which is easily available and is going waste it can be used effectively for reinforcing in concrete. Using coir and replacing fine aggregatewithGBFSis economical as they are waste products and are easily available. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Cement In this study ordinary Portland Ramco cement of grade conforming to IS Requirement as per IS: 269- 2015wasused. Table -1: Physical properties of cement Test Result obtained Requirement as per IS : 269- 2015 Clause 7 for OPC 53 Consistency 2.97 2.9 - 3.10 Initial setting time 140 minutes Not less than 30 minutes Final setting time 220 minutes Max. 600 minutes Soundness 0.50 mm Max. 10mm
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3383 2.2 Coarse aggregate The coarse aggregates used were angular in shape and of down size 20 mmand12.5mm.Crushedstonefineaggregates conforming to Zone –II were used. Table -2: Physical properties of Coarse aggregate Test Result obtained Specific Gravity of coarse aggregate 12.5mm 2.67 Specific Gravity of coarse aggregate 20mm 2.71 Impact value 20.64 2.3 Fine aggregate Due to the non-availability of river sand crushed rock sand is used. Crushed stone sandiseconomicandreadilyavailable.It is manufactured by crushing the quarry stone to a size that will completely pass through 4.75 mm sieve. Table -3: Physical properties of Fine aggregate Test Result obtained Specific Gravity 2.57 Water absorption 4.8% Bulk Density 1.575 kg/lit 2.4 Granulated Blast Furnace Slag The Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is the slag obtained from steel industry. It was brought from Quality Polytech Baikampady. The material going through 20mmstrainerand holding on 4.76mmsifter is used. It is thewasteslagacquired from steel industry. Table -4: Physical properties of GBFS Test Result obtained Specific Gravity 2.44 2.5 Coconut Coir Fibre Coconut fibre - Fibres are freely available, strong, light in weight. The addition of coconut fibre can reduce the thermal conductivity in concrete. Processed coconut fibre isobtained from Skanda Products Kasaragod. Coconut fibre were cut at 5cm length. 2.6 Chemical admixture Admixture used in this project is Master Rheobuild 918RM- which is a retarding super plasticizer which is made up of synthetic polymers. Table -5: Physical properties of Admixture Test Result obtained Physical state Dark brown free flowing liquid Specific gravity 1.18 Recommended dosage 0.2% - 0.9% 2.5 Methodology The process and methods adopted in the project isbriefly shown in flow chart below. Fig -1: Name of the figure Initial test likespecificgravity,finenesstest,sieveanalysis etc.. are done on raw materials i.e., sand, coarse aggregate, cement, GBFS are conducted.Then mix design is doneM35of concrete based on IS codes. Plain concrete cubes are initially casted as control specimen. Nominal cubes are casted by adding 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of fibre by the weight of cement in the concrete blend. The cubes were casted to find the nominal percentage of fibre which gives high strength concrete. Compression test for nominal mix is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. Percentage of fibre for which compression test result is higher is taken. Then preparing test cube specimen by keeping nominal percentage of fibre
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3384 constant with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%replacementof sand by GBFS. The size of cube specimens 150x150x150mm as per the Indian Standards.Ablendofconcretewasdesigned for M-35 grade. The specimens was cured using portable water under room temperature. The mechanical tests conducted on specimens are given below 1. Compressive Strength on cube 1. Flexural Strength on beam 2. Splitting Tensile Strength on cylinder 3. Ultra sonic pulse velocity 3. MIX PROPORTION 3.1 The data required for the mix design is as follows: Grade of concrete: M35 Type of cement : Ramco cement OPC 53 grade Nominal size of aggregate: 20 mm downsize Water cement ratio: 0.40 Workability of concrete: 100mm slump Admixture used: Master Rheobuild 918RM 3.2 Various trial of concrete mix There was 5 different mixes in this study by keepingthefibre content constant and varying the percentage of GBFS replacement over sand. Also control specimen of M35 grade concrete are casted. Table -6: Different Mix proportion Mix FG 10 FG 20 FG 30 FG 40 FG 50 Cement Kg/m³ 380 380 380 380 380 F.A Kg/m³ 771 617 540 463 386 GBFS Kg/m³ 0 154 230 308 386 C.A Kg/m³ 1095 1095 1095 1095 1095 Fibre Kg/m³ 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Water Kg/m³ 165 165 165 165 165 Admixture Kg/m³ 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Compression test Result Table -7: Compression Test results Mix Description of Mix 7 days Average Strength (N/mm²) 14 days Average Strength (N/mm²) 28 days Average Strength (N/mm²) FG 0 Normal concrete 51.08 48.72 52.49 FG 10 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 40.73 41.58 50.68 FG 20 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 41.98 42.10 52.96 FG 30 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 42.16 42.46 54.81 FG 40 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 51.68 49.81 57.01 FG 50 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 40.96 44.77 50.11 Fig -1: Compression Test
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3385 Chart -1: 7 Days Compression test results Chart -2: 14 Days Compression test results Chart -3: 28 Days Compression test results 4.2 Flexural test Result Table -8: Flexural Test results Mix Description of Mix 7 days Average Strength (N/mm²) 28 days Average Strength (N/mm²) FG 0 Normal concrete 6.32 6.44 FG 10 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 5.78 5.12 FG 20 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 5.85 5.66 FG 30 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 5.91 6.22 FG 40 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 6.20 6.35 FG 50 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 5.47 5.94 Fig -2: Flexural Testing
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3386 Chart -4: 28 Days Flexural test results 4.3 Split Tensile test Result Table -9: Split Tensile Test results Mix Description of Mix 28 days Average Strength (N/mm²) FG 0 Normal concrete 4.29 FG 10 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 3.27 FG 20 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 3.34 FG 30 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 3.82 FG 40 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 4.49 FG 50 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 3.43 Fig -3: Split Tensile Testing Fig -4: Failed Specimen 4.4 Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity test Result Table -10: Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Test results Mix Description of Mix Path Length (mm) Transit time (µs) Velocity (Km/Sec) FG 0 Normal concrete 150 30.32 4.94 FG 10 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 150 34.21 4.38 FG 20 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 150 34.06 4.40 FG 30 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 150 32.26 4.64 FG 40 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 150 29.89 5.0 FG 50 2% coconut fibre + 10% GBFS 150 32.58 4.6 Fig -5: Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Testing
- 6. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3387 5. CONCLUSIONS The conclusion for this study can be given as follows: Compression strength increases in case of addition of coconut fibre up to 2% of fibre by weight of cement in concrete and further increase in fibre content reduced the strength of the concrete. Coconut fiber being low in thickness lessens the general weight of the fiber fortified solid therefore its utilized as a basic light weight concrete. The compressive quality of solid increments with increment in GBFS rate up to a 40 rate supplanting of fine total alongside 2% fibre and after that it diminishes. Compressive strength for 40% replacement of fine aggregate and 2% fibre is found to be maximum for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days test. Utilizing of GBFS as a substitution of finetotal might demonstrate a temperate and earth cordial arrangement. Addition of coconut fibre to concrete will give good strength but there is reduction in workability forall replacement levels therefore it is must to add super plasticizers to increase workability. Addition of coir fibre will arrest the micro cracks present in the concrete. By using coconut fibres as reinforcing material in concrete, the environmental waste can be eliminated as well as it is easily availableandcheap. Coconut fibre fortified cement can upgrade higher sturdiness. Coconut fiber strengthened cement has indicated less number of break advancements and split width. 5.1 Scope for future study When fibre is added to concrete blending turns out to be extremely difficult and prompts arrangement of a different blend. The homogeneous blend canbe obtained by adding different chemicals. Addition of some admixtures can help to lessen the quantity of voids which are shaped to thepresentof strands in the solid. Further acid attack, permeability test, water absorption test, corrosion test can be done on concrete specimen. REFERENCES [1] Abhijeet.R. Agrawal, Sanket.S.Dhase, Kautuk.S.Agrawal, January, 2014 “Coconut Fiber in Concrete to enhanceits Strength and making Lightweight Concrete”. e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, Volume 9, Issue 8 (January 2014), PP. 64-67. [2] Ali Majid, Anthony Liu, Hou Sou, Nawawi Chouw, "Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Construction and Building Materials. Reed Business Information, Inc. (US). 2012. High Beam Research. 5 Sep. 2013. [3] Baruah, P., and Talukdar, S. 2007. A comparative study of compressive, flexural, tensile and shear strength of concrete with fibres of different origins.IndianConcrete Journal, 81(7): 17-24. [4] Gaurav Singh, Souvik Das, Abdulaziz Abdullahi Ahmed, Showmen Saha and Somnath Karmakar June, 2015 “Study of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregates in Concrete for Sustainable Infrastructure” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 ( 2015 ) 2272 – 2279.