Explosive products ppt
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The document provides a history of explosives and describes different types of explosives. It discusses how explosives were first used in the 14th century for guns and how safety fuse was invented. The modern explosive industry began in the 19th century with discoveries like mercury fulminate and nitroglycerin. Alfred Nobel later invented dynamite by mixing nitroglycerin with kieselguhr. The document then describes different types of explosives like dynamite, ANFO, water gels, and emulsions. It provides details on their compositions and uses.
Explosive products ppt
- 5. Any chemical mixtures, compound or device that reacts at high velocities to liberate gas or heat causing high pressure and which can be initiated by a No.8 test blasting cap.
- 6. • Explosives started 6oo-700 years ago. • Roger bacon(1214-1292) first described preparation of black powder • Potassium nitrate(75%) and carbon(15%) and sulfur(10%)
- 7. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES Guns were first used in Battle of Crecy in 1364. In these guns black powder was used as a gun propellant.
- 8. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES The time interval between ignition and blast was a problem. Safer method of ignition was invented by William Bickford of England. He invented safety fuse. In safety fuse thin core of black powder is contained in a cable of jute and string.
- 9. SAFETY FUSE
- 10. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES The foundation of modern explosive industry was laid in beginning of 19th century. Three men were prominent 1. Edward Howard described preparation of mercury fulminate (primary explosive) Hg(CNO)2 2. Schonbein a German engineer produced gun cotton. 3. Ascanio discovered Nitroglycerin.
- 11. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES In 1862 Glycerine was transported by Alfred Nobel in containers with trade name Golonion Oil. At this time NG was poured from container to hole. This crude method resulted in accidents and loss of life.
- 12. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES Kieselguhr is a form of silica compound of the siliceous shells of unicellular aquatic plants of microscopic size.it is porous kind of siliceous sedimentary rock. It was used in packing of containers of nitroglycerine as a cushion. A container ruptured and NG was absorbed by keiselguhr. Alfred nobel noticed it and found that it was more safe to handle and transport. He called this mix as dynamite
- 13. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES In 1950 ammonium nitrate was used as blasting agent. In 1960 Watergels were developed In 1968 Emulsions were introduced
- 14. MAJOR INGREDIENTS IN EXPLOSIVE The principal reacting ingredients in an explosive are: Fuel Oxidizers Fuels are carbon aluminum, TNT, smokeless powder. Oxidizers are hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- 15. TYPES OF EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING AGENTS Nitroglycerine based explosives (Dynamites) Powder Explosives (ANFO) Water gels (Slurries) Emulsion Explosives
- 16. DYNAMITE NG are semi pure liquid which is composed of two organic nitrate esters (Nitroglycerine+Nitroglycol) This mixture of NG and Kieselguhr when packed in paper cartridge is called Dynamite. This product was first introduced by Alfred Nobel. The NG content of dynamite varies from 5% to 90% of the composition depends upon the VOD, the energy released and the water resistance requirements .
- 17. Nitrocellulose serves as a gelling agent to liquid Easter to the other ingredients and prevent leaking of explosive oil. To balancing the oxidizing salt and fuel by using oxidizer(Ammonium nitrate). Sodium chloride is added to lower the detonation temperature. To density the NG different ingredients are used such as starch, sulfur and vegetable gums.
- 19. CATEGORIES OF DYNAMITES Straight Dynamite Ammonia Dynamite Gelatin Dynamite Straight Gelatin Dynamite Ammonia Gelatin Dynamite Semi Gelatin Dynamite Permissible Dynamite Special Dynamite
- 20. STRAIGHT DYNAMITE It was formulated by Nobel in 1984. It contain kieselguhr and liquid NG(75%). Sodium nitrate is added to increase the performance and make the reaction oxygen balance. It is used as ditch blasting in wet soils.
- 21. •In Ammonia dynamite ammonium nitrate was mixed with charcoal and NG. •Ammonium Nitrate replaces Kiselguhr and adds energy, reduces cost, less water resistant. •It has lower density and higher shock resistance. •Medium to low VOD. •Poor to fair water resistance.
- 22. •Prepared in 1862 by Alfred Nobel. •Nitrocellulose with lower nitrogen content is added. •It acts as an absorbent to retain NG in water. •It is used in wet blasting operation. •Gelaprime is its example •.
- 23. •It contains a high ratio of nitrocellulose to NG. •It contains 91 % NG 8% guncotton and 1 % chalk. •It was called 100% blasting gelatin. •It has excellent water resistance. •Sodium nitrate were added to obtain a oxygen balance.
- 24. •In this NG is substituted by NH4NO3. •It high density and velocity. •Its detonation pressure is high. •It acts as an excellent booster because of high energy output. •It is used for shooting tough rock .
- 25. •It is cross between ammonia dynamite and ammonia gelatin. •It is less expansive than gelatin dynamite. •It has good water resistance as compare to gelatin dynamite. •Geldyne is its example.
- 26. • It is formed By adding salt and other flame reducers in ammonia dynamite. •It is developed for underground blasting especially for coal mines.
- 27. •By definition ANFO is a nitrocarbonitrate blasting agent. •It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate prills (94%) and fuel oil (6%). •The bulk density of ANFO is between 42-50 lbs per cubic feet. •The particle size of prills is -6 to +20 mesh.
- 28. •To initiate ANFO required initiation system and booster. •Its dead press limit is 1.25cc. •It has high resistance to water •It has moderate VOD •It has large heave and easy to handle and load •Its cost around $570/ton (1999)
- 29. SLURRIES It is an aqueous solution of NH4NO3 and NaNO3, sensitized with a fuel It is thickened and cross linked by gelatinous material Contains more amount of NH4NO3 than watergels Water resistance is increased by using gums, waxes and other materials Slurries has cost more than ANFO
- 30. WATERGELS Watergels contains oxidizing salts, fuels and sensitizers dissolved to form a continuous liquid phase These are alternatives to dynamites Thickened and to increase water resistance by gelatinous materials Less sensitive more economical and more efficient than dynamite
- 31. Less toxic and less hazardous than dynamite Easy to transport and store Use in mining industry
- 32. EMULSIONS An explosive containing oxidizer dissolved in water droplets surrounded by an immiscible fuels Introduced as blasting agent in 1968 It is prepared in the form of water in oil emulsions It is stabilized by adding emulsifying agents More efficient, powerful, and stable than watergels Less sensitive than dynamites to heat, shock, friction
- 33. Emulsion have very high V.O.D upto 6000 m/sec High detonation pressure Less chemical energy per unit weight compared to ANFO
- 34. Emulsions are packaged in either paper shells or plastic film cartridges
- 35. PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVE Explosives which are designed for mines explosion for a particular purpose Use in gassy and dusty atmosphere Approved by Mine Safety and Health Administration Developed for underground coal mines Sodium chloride is used as an additive to decrease the flame Should be used soon when taken underground