Faults in the Philippine Setting
- 1. EARTHQUAKES and FAULTS Prepared by: Louie Jane T. Eleccion
- 2. Objectives (Day 2) •Identify faults in the Philippine Setting. •Familiarize devices used to measure earthquakes •Explain how earthquake waves provide information about Earth’s interior.
- 4. Terminologies • Deep sea Trench It is also called oceanic trench, any long, narrow, steep- sided depression in the ocean bottom in which occur the maximum oceanic depths, approximately 7,300 to more than 11,000 meters. • Mid-ocean Ridge (Oceanic Ridge) • It is continuous submarine mountain chain extending approximately 80,000 km (50,000 miles) through all the world’s oceans.
- 5. TRENCH RIDGE
- 7. RECORDING EARTHQUAKES • A device used to measure earthquake is called Seismograph. • First invented in 1875 by Filippo Cecchi who was a phycist and a priest.
- 8. RECORDING EARTHQUAKES SEISMOMETER (Modern Seismograph)
- 9. Information Recorded from a Seismogram
- 10. SEISMIC WAVES • P waves First kind of body wave and the fastest kind. It can move through solid rocks and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes or pulls the rock it moves.
- 11. SEISMIC WAVES • S waves Travels slower than P-waves and can only pass through the solid layers of earth’s Interior. They are transvers waves that rise and fall perpendicularly.
- 13. SEISMIC WAVES • Surface waves Are those waves that travels through the surface of the earth. It has a characteristic of both longitudinal and transverse waves.
- 14. 2 types of Surface Waves
- 17. Generalization •How do scientists detect earthquake? •What is the indication of seismic waves? •Describe the behavior of waves in the earth’s interior.
- 18. Assignment •Read the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) in Page 125. •Prepare for a reenactment tomorrow.
- 19. EARTHQUAKES and FAULTS Prepared by: Louie Jane T. Eleccion
- 20. Objectives (Day 3) •Define earthquake intensity and magnitude. •Familiarize the different levels of PEIS and Magnitude Scale. •Foster preparedness towards earthquake.
- 21. INTENSITY and MAGNITUDE •Intensity oRough estimate of the size and the strength of an earthquake. •Magnitude oThe total amount of energy that is released by an earthquake at its source.
- 22. INTENSITY (PEIS)
- 23. INTENSITY (PEIS)
- 24. INTENSITY (PEIS)
- 25. INTENSITY (PEIS)
- 26. INTENSITY (PEIS)
- 34. Generalization • Intensity tells how much the area was shaken when the earthquake reached that area. • Magnitude is the total amount of energy that was released by the earthquake at the focus. • The amount of shaking is usually stronger when an area is near the epicenter, and becomes weaker farther away.
Editor's Notes
- #4: VIDEO PRESENTATION!
- #9: Used to measure earthquake waves more precisely as they record earthquakes electronically
- #10: Seismogram is a data recorded by seismometers which shows the ground motion at a specific measuring station against time. Usually, the stronger the ground motion, the taller the height, or amplitude of the wave on the seismogram.
- #11: P-waves arrive first at the seismograph station.
- #14: Surface waves, in contrast to body waves can only move along the surface. They arrive after the main P and S waves and are confined to the outer layers of the Earth. They cause the most surface destruction.
- #15: L-wave – exhibits horizontal motion (like an S-wave); travels the slowest; travels along the surface-producing horizontal motion. Rayleigh – travels similar to an ocean wave; travels along the surface – producing a rolling motion.
- #17: 1. Historic Seismograph Station / Building by the Loomis Museum, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California
- #23: PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (page 125) PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Siesmology)
- #24: PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (page 125) PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Siesmology)
- #25: PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (page 125) PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Siesmology)
- #26: PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (page 125) PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Siesmology)
- #27: PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (page 125) PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Siesmology)
- #28: Richter scale – describe the total amount of energy that is released by an earthquake at its source (page 127). Each number on the scale rates the strength of the earthquake but its not the actual amount of energy itself.
- #29: Considers the area of the fault where the rupture occurred and the amount of movement of the rocks bordering the fault.