This document discusses various x-ray beam filtration and collimation devices. It describes inherent and added filtration which shape the x-ray beam by removing low energy photons. Filters include aluminum, copper, and compound filters. Collimators provide a variety of rectangular beam sizes and automatically align the light and x-ray fields. Grids contain alternating strips of lead and spacer material which reduce scatter radiation and improve contrast. Factors like ratio, frequency, pattern, and lead content affect grid performance. Positioning errors can cause grid cutoff. Moving grids reduce lead strip shadows. Proper grid selection and use of air gaps also improves image quality.
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