Final draft intel core i5 processors architecture
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The document provides information about Intel Core i5 processors. It discusses the Intel processor architecture roadmap and focuses on four microarchitectures: NetBurst, Core, Nehalem, and Sandy Bridge. It then discusses key aspects of Core i5 processors, including their quad-core structure, specifications like clock speeds and cache sizes, and features like Turbo Boost and integrated graphics. The document compares Core i5 to other Intel processors and highlights important factors to consider like core counts, cache sizes, and performance differences between processor lines.
Final draft intel core i5 processors architecture
- 1. Intel Core i5 Processors Architecture A perspective view inside SAU/MSc (CS)
- 2. Main Topics • A brief introduction • Intel processor architecture • Multi Core architecture • Performance evaluation • Core I5 specification • New features
- 3. Processor • Is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s . • The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
- 4. The Process • Process is a program in execution .A process is more than the program code which is known sometimes as a text section. • It also includes the current activity, as represented by the value of the program counter & the contents of the processor's registers. • Process generally includes the process stack, which contains temporary data (such as method parameters ,return addresses, local variables),and data section, which contains global variables.
- 6. Intel processors architecture • In this presentation we focus on four recently released microprocessors by Intel : – NetBurst (microarchitecture) – Core (microarchitecture) – Nelahem (microarchitecture) – Sandy Bridge (microarchitecture)
- 7. NetBurst (microarchitecture) • The NetBurst microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel, was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of CPUs made by Intel. • The first CPU to use this architecture was the Willamette core of the Pentium 4 and the first of the Pentium 4 CPUs • All subsequent Pentium 4 and Pentium D variants have also been based on NetBurst.
- 8. NetBurst cont… • The NetBurst microarchitecture includes features such as : • Front-Side Bus • Hyper Pipelined Technology – This is the name given to the 20-stage instruction pipeline within the Willamette core • Rapid Execution Engine – With this technology, the two ALUs in the core of the CPU are double-pumped • Execution Trace Cache – It stores decoded micro-operations, so that when executing a new instruction, instead of fetching and decoding the instruction again, the CPU directly accesses the decoded micro-ops from the trace cache, thereby saving considerable time.
- 9. Multi-Core (microarchitecture) • A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent actual central processing units (called "cores"), which are the units that read and execute program instructions. • The instructions are ordinary CPU instructions such as add, move data, and branch, but the multiple cores can run multiple instructions at the same time, increasing overall speed for programs amenable to parallel computing. • Manufacturers typically integrate the cores onto a single integrated circuit die (known as a chip multiprocessor or CMP), or onto multiple dies in a single chip package.
- 11. Multi Core Architecture • This talk is about a new trend in computer architecture: Replicate multiple processor cores on a single die.
- 12. Multi-core CPU chip • The cores fit on a single processor socket • Also called CMP (Chip Multi-Processor) c c c c o o o o r r r r e e e e 1 2 3 4
- 13. The cores run in parallel thread 1 thread 2 thread 3 thread 4 c c c c o o o o r r r r e e e e 1 2 3 4
- 14. Within each core, threads are time-sliced (just like on a uniprocessor) several several several several threads threads threads threads c c c c o o o o r r r r e e e e 1 2 3 4
- 15. Concept of Core
- 16. Interaction with the Operating System • OS perceives each core as a separate processor • OS scheduler maps threads/processes to different cores • Most major OS support multi-core today: Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, …
- 17. Why multi-core ? • Difficult to make single-core clock frequencies even higher • Deeply pipelined circuits: – heat problems – speed of light problems – difficult design and verification – large design teams necessary – server farms need expensive air-conditioning • Many new applications are multithreaded • General trend in computer architecture (shift towards more parallelism)
- 18. Nehalem (microcomputer) • Nehalem is the codename for an Intel processor microarchitecture, successor to the Core microarchitecture. • Nehalem processors use the 45 nm process. • The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture was the desktop Core i7, which was released in November 2008. • Nehalem, a recycled codename, refers to a completely different architecture from Netburst
- 19. Nehalem cont… • Focus on performance • Utilize higher clock speeds and are more energy-efficient • Hyper-threading reintroduced. • 4–12 MB L3 cache • Native (all processor cores on a single die) quad- and octa-core processors • Intel QuickPath Interconnect in high-end models replacing the legacy front side bus • Integrated memory controller supporting two or three memory channels of DDR3 SDRAM • 2nd generation Intel Virtualization Technology which introduced Extended Page Table support
- 20. Sandy Bridge (micro Computer) • Sandy Bridge is the codename for a microarchitecture developed by Intel beginning in 2005 for central processing units in computers to replace the Nehalem microarchitecture. Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products based on the architecture in January 2011 under the Core brand.
- 21. Sandy Bridge cont… • Upgraded features from Nehalem include: – Shared L3 cache includes the processor graphics – 64-byte cache line size – Two load/store operations per CPU cycle for each memory channel – Decoded micro-operation cache and enlarged, optimized branch predictor – Improved performance for transcendental mathematics, AES encryption (AES instruction set), and SHA-1 hashing – 256-bit/cycle ring bus interconnect between cores, graphics, cache and System Agent Domain – Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) 256-bit instruction set with wider vectors, new extensible syntax and rich functionality – Intel Quick Sync Video, hardware support for video encoding and decoding – Up to 8 physical cores or 16 logical cores through Hyper-threading
- 22. Family of Processors This new family of processors consists of three classes – core i3, core i5 and core i7. • The Intel core i3 series has been made to cater to the entry level desktop and laptop computer market. • The core i5 series is aimed at the mid level computing segment. • The core i7 series is stuffed with high performance processors that can serve the high end market. • Every series of processors comes with a lot of variety, in terms of processing speed and features.
- 23. Our Focus on Core i5 Processors • Intel has just announced their latest lineup of Core i5 processors. • Sandy Bridge, as the new architecture is called by engineers is Intel's new microarchitecture, following Nehalem. • The new processors are produced on Intel's 32 nm production process which has reached maturity over the last few months.
- 24. Core i5 Quad-Core Structure
- 25. Core i5 processor • The core i5 line consists of three separate series of processors with i) DualCore Core i5 Processors ii) QuadCore Core i5 Processors • The DualCore Core i5 , as well as quad cores come with 4 threads each. • The clocking frequency ranging from 2.933 GHz to 3.2 GHz • 4 MB to 8 MB L3 cache • Direct media interface • Intel HD graphics • Intel smart cache technology • Hyper-threading enabled • i5 chips are faster than the i3 chips
- 26. The main key points for corei5 to comparison • Core Confusion • Give Me the Cache • A Word on Turbo Boost • Hyper-Threading • Integrated Graphics
- 27. Core Confusion • Get faster CPU performance from Core i7 parts than Core i5 • The majority of desktop Core i7 CPUs are quad-core processors, while many mobile Core i5 processors are dual- core. • There are mobile dual-core Core i7 processors, and likewise several desktop quad-core Core i5 processors. • Rare six-core Core i7, which are usually found with the desktop-only Extreme Edition top-of-the-line models. • To get better performance in each generation, buy a processor with a higher model number
- 28. Cache Memory • In addition to generally faster base clock speeds, Core i5 processors have larger cache (on-board memory). • help the processor deal with repetitive tasks faster. • If you're editing and calculating spreadsheets, your CPU shouldn't have to reload the framework the numbers sit in. This info will sit in the cache so that when you change a number the calculations are almost instantaneous. • Larger cache sizes help with multitasking as well, since background tasks will be ready for when you switch focus to another window. • On currently available desktop processors, i5 CPUs have 3MB to 8MB of L3 cache, while i7 processors have 8MB to 15MB.
- 29. Turbo Boost feature • Turbo Boost refers to Intel's "overclocking" feature built into its processors. • It allows the processor to run faster than its base clock speed when only one or two processor cores are needed (like when you're running a single-threaded task that you want done now). • This provides users with the opportunity to turn off a core if it’s not being utilized. • Both Core i5 and Core i7 processors use Turbo Boost
- 30. Hyper-Threading • Intel Hyper-Threading uses multi-threading technology to make a processor appear to have more cores than it physically has to the operating system and applications. • Hyper-Threading technology is used to increase performance at multi-threaded tasks. • The simplest multi-threaded situation is a multi-tasking user running several programs simultaneously, but there are other tasks that take advantage of Hyper-Threading • For instance multimedia operations (like transcoding, rendering, etc.) and Web surfing (loading different elements like Flash content and images simultaneously).
- 31. Hyper-Threading Cont… • All Core i7 CPUs use Hyper-Threading, • A six-core CPU can handle 12 streams • Four core handles eight streams, and a dual-core handles four streams. • Core i5 uses Hyper-Threading to make a dual-core CPU act like a four-core one, but if you have a Core i5 processor with four true cores, it won't have Hyper-Threading. • For the time being, Core i5 tops out at handling 4 streams, using four real cores or two cores with Hyper-Threading.
- 33. Integrated Graphics • Integrated graphics built into the processor core itself. • Previous Intel integrated graphics were built onto the motherboard chipsets, rather than on the processor. • Intel HD Graphics 2000/3000 in currently shipping Sandy Bridge processors. • Integrated graphics saves power, since there won't be an extra graphics chip on your laptop or desktop's motherboard using power.
- 34. Conclusion • Multi-core chips an important new trend in computer architecture • Several new multi-core chips in design phases • Parallel programming techniques likely to gain importance • Turbo boost feature is implemented after Core i5 design. So it is main feature of corei5. • Core i5 has Dual and Quad Core Both. • Core i5 is made for mainstream users who care about performance and core i7 is made for enthusiasts and high-end users.
Editor's Notes
- #27: Give Me the CacheIn addition to generally faster base clock speeds, Core i7 processors have larger cache (on-board memory) to help the processor deal with repetitive tasks faster. If you're editing and calculating spreadsheets, your CPU shouldn't have to reload the framework the numbers sit in. This info will sit in the cache so that when you change a number the calculations are almost instantaneous. Larger cache sizes help with multitasking as well, since background tasks will be ready for when you switch focus to another window. On currently available desktop processors, i5 CPUs have 3MB to 6MB of L3 cache, while i7 processors have 8MB to 15MB.A Word on Turbo BoostTurbo Boost refers to Intel's "overclocking" feature built into its processors. Essentially, it allows the processor to run faster than its base clock speed when only one or two processor cores are needed (like when you're running a single-threaded task that you want donenow). Both Core i5 and Core i7 processors use Turbo Boost, with Core i7 processors achieving higher clock speeds, of course.Hyper-ThreadingIntel Hyper-Threading uses multi-threading technology to make a processor appear to have more cores than it physically has to the operating system and applications. Hyper-Threading technology is used to increase performance at multi-threaded tasks. The simplest multi-threaded situation is a multi-tasking user running several programs simultaneously, but there are other tasks that take advantage of Hyper-Threading like multimedia operations (like transcoding, rendering, etc.) and Web surfing (loading different elements like Flash content and images simultaneously).The quick explanation is that all Core i7 CPUs use Hyper-Threading, so a six-core CPU can handle 12 streams, a four core handles eight streams, and a dual-core handles four streams. Core i5 uses Hyper-Threading to make a dual-core CPU act like a four-core one, but if you have a Core i5 processor with four true cores, it won't have Hyper-Threading. For the time being, Core i5 tops out at handling 4 streams, using four real cores or two cores with Hyper-Threading.Integrated GraphicsThe Westmere generation of Core processors introduced Intel HD graphics, integrated graphics built into the processor core itself. Previous Intel integrated graphics were built onto the motherboard chipsets, rather than on the processor. You'll find DX10 Intel HD Graphics 2000/3000 in currently shipping Sandy Bridge processors, and new DX11-compatible Intel HD Graphics 2500/4000 in the newer Ivy Bridge processors. Same numerical rules apply, so Intel HD Graphics 4000 performs better than Intel HD Graphics 2000. You'll find 3000 and 4000 on Core i7, while Core i5 features one of all four versions of Intel HD graphics, depending on the part number. Integrated graphics saves power, since there won't be an extra graphics chip on your laptop or desktop's motherboard using power.So, long story short: Core i5 is made for mainstream users who care about performance, and Core i7 is made for enthusiasts and high-end users. If you follow this mantra, you're likely going to find the system you're looking for.