Fire code

• FIRE CODE
• FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• FIRE SUPPRESSION

FIRE CODE
Section 7 of the RA 9514 states the Inspections, Safety Measures, Fire
Safety, Constructions, and Protective and/or Warning Systems.
1. Inspections - A fire safety inspection shall be conducted by the
Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative as prerequisite to
the grants of permits and/or licenses by local governments and
other government agencies concerned, for the:
(1) Use or occupancy of buildings, structures, facilities or their
premises including the installation or fire protection and fire
safety equipment, and electrical system in any building
structure or facility; and
(2) Storage, handling and/or use of explosives or of
combustible, flammable, toxic and other hazardous materials;

FIRE CODE
2. Safety Measures for Hazardous Materials - Fire safety measures shall be
required for the manufacture, storage, handling and/or use of hazardous
materials involving:
(1) cellulose nitrate plastic of any kind;
(2) combustible fibers;
(3) cellular materials such as foam, rubber, sponge rubber and plastic foam;
(4) flammable and combustible liquids or gases of any classification;
(5) flammable paints, varnishes, stains and organic coatings;
(6) high-piled or widely spread combustible stock;
(7) metallic magnesium in any form;
(8) corrosive liquids, oxidizing materials, organic peroxide, nitromethane,
ammonium nitrate, or any amount of highly toxic, pyrophoric, hypergolic, or
cryogenic materials or poisonous gases as well as material compounds which
when exposed to heat or flame become a fire conductor, or generate
excessive smoke or toxic gases;

FIRE CODE
(9) blasting agents, explosives and special industrial explosive materials, blasting caps,
black powder, liquid nitro-glycerine, dynamite, nitro cellulose, fulminates of any kind,
and plastic explosives containing ammonium salt or chlorate;
(10) fireworks materials of any kind or form;
(11) matches in commercial quantities;
(12) hot ashes, live coals and embers;
(13) mineral, vegetable or animal oils and other derivatives/by products;
(14) combustible waste materials for recycling or resale;
(15) explosive dusts and vapors; and
(16) agriculture, forest, marine or mineral products which may undergo spontaneous
combustion.
(17) any other substance with potential to cause harm to persons, property or the
environment because of one or more of the following: a) The chemical properties of
the substance; b) The physical properties of the substance; c) The biological properties
of the substance. Without limiting the definition of hazardous material, all dangerous
goods, combustible liquids and chemicals are hazardous materials.

FIRE CODE
3. Safety Measures for Hazardous Operation/Processes - Fire
Safety measures shall be required for the following hazardous
operation/processes:
• (1) welding or soldering;
• (2) industrial baking and drying;
• (3) waste disposal;
• (4) pressurized/forced-draft burning equipment;
• (5) smelting and forging;
• (6) motion picture projection using electrical arc lamps;
• (7) refining, distillation and solvent extraction; and
• (8) such other operations or processes as may hereafter be
prescribed in the Rules and Regulations.

FIRE CODE
4. Provision on Fire Safety Construction, Protective and Warning System -
Owners, occupants or administrator or buildings, structures and their
premises or facilities, except such other buildings or structures as may be
exempted in the rules and regulations to be promulgated under Section 5
hereof, shall incorporate and provide therein fire safety construction,
protective and warning system, and shall develop and implement fire safety
programs, to wit:
• (1) Fire protection features such as sprinkler systems, hose boxes, hose
reels or standpipe systems and other fire fighting equipment;
• (2) Fire Alarm systems;
• (3) Fire walls to separate adjoining buildings, or warehouses and storage
areas from other occupancies in the same building;
• (4) Provisions for confining the fire at its source such as fire resistive floors
and walls extending up to the next floor slab or roof, curtain boards and
other fire containing or stopping components;

FIRE CODE
• (5) Termination of all exits in an area affording safe passage
to a public way or safe dispersal area;
• (6) Stairway, vertical shafts, horizontal exits and other
means of egress sealed from smoke and heat;
• (7) A fire exit plan for each floor of the building showing the
routes from each other room to appropriate exits,
displayed prominently on the door of such room;
• (8) Self-closing fire resistive doors leading to corridors;
• (9) Fire dampers in centralized airconditioning ducts;
• (10) Roof vents for use by fire fighters; and
• (11) Properly marked and lighted exits with provision for
emergency lights to adequately illuminate exit ways in case
of power failure.

FIRE CODE
Section 8 of the RA 9514 states the Prohibited Acts and Omission
(a) Obstructing or blocking the exit ways or across to buildings clearly marked for fire safety
purposes, such as but not limited to aisles in interior rooms, any part of stairways, hallways,
corridors, vestibules, balconies or bridges leading to a stairway or exit of any kind, or tolerating or
allowing said violations;
(b) Constructing gates, entrances and walkways to buildings components and yards which
obstruct the orderly and easy passage of fire fighting vehicles and equipment;
(c) Prevention, interference or obstruction of any operation of the Fire Service, or of duly
organized and authorized fire brigades;
(d) Obstructing designated fire lanes or access to fire hydrants;
(e) Overcrowding or admission of persons beyond the authorized capacity in movie houses,
theaters, coliseums, auditoriums or other public assembly buildings, except in other assembly
areas on the ground floor with open sides or open doors sufficient to provide safe exits;

FIRE CODE
(f) Locking fire exits during period when people are inside the building;
(g) Prevention or obstruction of the automatic closure of fire doors or smoke partitions or dampers;
(h) Use of fire protective of fire fighting equipment of the fire service other than for fire fighting except in other
emergencies where their use are justified;
(i) Giving false or malicious fire alarms;
(j) Smoking in prohibited areas as may be determined by fire service, or throwing of cigars, cigarettes, burning
objects in places which may start or cause fire;
(k) Abandoning or leaving a building or structure by the occupant or owner without appropriate safety
measures;
(l) Removing. destroying, tampering or obliterating any authorized mark, seal, sign or tag posted or required by
the fire service for fire safety in any building, structure or processing equipment; and
(m) Use of jumpers or tampering with electrical wiring or overloading the electrical system beyond its
designated capacity or such other practices that would tend to undermine the fire safety features of the
electrical system.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
ELEMENTS OF ALL FIRE

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
TO INSPECT GOOD FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• PRESSURE GAUGE
• LOCKING PIN AND SECURITY SEAL
• STATE FIRE MARSHAL TAG

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
SYSTEM SELECTION BASED ON :
• BUILING OCCUPANT SAFETY
• SATISFY THE BUILDING CODE
• PROPERTY PROTECTION
• FIRST RESPONDER SAFETY
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
• COMBINATION OF ALL

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
RULE 10, DIVISION 3. CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
1. Assembly
a) Assembly occupancies include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of
buildings used for gathering together of fifty (50) or more persons for such
purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement,
awaiting transportation, or similar uses.
b) Assembly occupancies include: theaters; assembly halls; auditorium; exhibition
halls; museum; restaurants; drinking establishments; places of worship;
classrooms of 50 persons and over capacity; libraries; internet shops of over 50
persons capacity; dance halls; club rooms; skating rinks; gymnasiums; cockpit
arenas; bowling facilities; pool rooms; armories; passenger stations and
terminals of air, surface, underground, and marine public transportation
facilities; recreational facilities; piers; court-rooms; conference rooms; and
mortuary chapels or funeral homes.
c) Restaurants and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50
persons shall be classified as mercantile occupancies. 47
d) Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by less than fifty (50)
persons in a building of other occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy
shall be classified as part of the other occupancy and subject to the provisions
applicable thereto.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
2. Educational
a. Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions
thereof used for the gathering of group of six (6) or more
persons for purposes of instruction.
b. Educational occupancies include: Schools; Universities;
Colleges; Academies; Nursery schools; Kindergartens; and
Child Day Care facilities.
c. Other occupancies associated with educational
institutions shall be in accordance with the appropriate
parts of this Chapter, except licensed day care facilities of
any capacity.
d. In case where instruction is incidental to some other
occupancy, the Section of the Chapter governing such
other occupancy shall apply.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
3. Health Care
a) Health care facilities are those used for purposes
of medical or other treatment or care of persons
where such occupants are mostly incapable of
self preservation because of age, physical or
mental disability, or because of security
measures not under the occupants’ control.
b) Health care facilities include: hospitals; nursing
homes; birth centers; and residential custodial
care centers such as nurseries, homes for the
aged and the like.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
4. Detention and Correctional
a) Detention and correctional buildings are those used
to house one or more persons under varied degrees
of restraint or security where such occupants are
mostly incapable of self-preservation because of
security measures not under the occupants’ control.
b) Detention and correctional occupancies shall include
those used for purposes such as correctional
institutions, detention facilities, community
residential centers, training schools, work camps, and
substance abuse centers where occupants are
confined or housed under some degree of restraint or
security.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
5. Residential
a) Residential occupancies are those occupancies in
which sleeping accommodations are provided for
normal residential purposes and include all buildings
designed to provide sleeping accommodations.
b) Residential buildings, structures or facilities are
treated separately in this Rule in the following groups:
hotels; motels; apartelles; pension houses; inns;
apartments; condominiums; dormitories; lodging or
rooming houses; and one- and two-family dwellings;
and the likes.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
6. Mercantile
a) Mercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and other rooms,
buildings, or structures for the display and/or sale of merchandise.
b) Mercantile occupancies include: malls; supermarkets; department
stores; shopping centers; flea markets; restaurants of less than 50
persons capacity; public/private dry and wet markets; water
refilling stations; drugstores; hardwares/construction supplies;
showrooms; and auction rooms.
c) Minor merchandising operation in building predominantly of
other occupancies, such as newsstand in an office building, shall
be subject to the exit requirements of the predominant
occupancy.
d) Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of
merchandise and located in the same building should be
considered part of the mercantile occupancy classification.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
7. Business
a) Business buildings are those used for the transaction of
business other than that covered under Mercantile, for
the keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes.
b) Included in this occupancy group are: offices for lawyers;
doctors; dentists and other professionals; general offices;
City/Municipal halls; internet shops; massage parlors,
beauty parlors, barbershops of less than 50 occupants and
court houses;
c) Minor office occupancy incidental to operations in other
occupancy shall be considered as a part of the dominant
occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions of the
Chapter applying to the dominant occupancy.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
8. Industrial
a) Industrial occupancies include factories that make
products of all 49 kinds and properties which shall
include but not limited to product processing,
assembling and disassembling, mixing, packaging,
finishing or decorating, repairing and material
recovery including, among others, the following:
factories of all kinds; laboratories; dry cleaning plants;
power plants; pumping stations; smokehouses; gas
plants; refineries; and sawmills, laundries; creameries

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
9. Storage
a) Storage occupancy includes all buildings or
structures utilized primarily for the storage or
sheltering of goods, merchandise, products,
vehicles, or animals. Included in this occupancy
group are: warehouses; cold storages; freight
terminals; truck and marine terminals; bulk oil
storage; LPG storage; parking garages; hangars;
grain elevators; barns; and stables.
b) Minor storage incidental to other occupancy
shall be treated as part of the other occupancy.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
10. Mixed Occupancies
a) Refers to two or more classes of occupancies
occurring/located/situated/existing in the same
building and/or structures so intermingled that
separate safeguards are impracticable.
b) The means of egress shall be sufficient to meet exit
requirements for the occupants of each individual
room or section, and for the maximum occupant load
of the entire building. Fire safety construction,
protective and warning systems and other safeguards
shall met requirements of the most hazardous
occupancy unless otherwise specified.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
11. Miscellaneous
a) This class of occupancy includes buildings or
structure which cannot be properly classified
in any of the preceding occupancy groups.
Such miscellaneous buildings and structures
shall conform to the fundamental guidelines
provided for in Division 2 and to any specific
provisions applicable thereto in Division 17
both of this Chapter. (pdf)

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
FIRE DETECTION
1. Spark/Ember Detectors
2. Flame Detectors
3. Combination
4. Radiant Energy (UV & IR)
5. Smoke Detectors (Ionization & Photoelectric)
6. Heat Detectors (Fixed Temperature & Rate-of-
Rise)

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1. Spark/Ember Detectors - Ember Detectors are
designed to detect ember with faster response and
reliability. Specially designed to protect moving objects like
coal. Well suited for coal conveyor protection

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
2. Flame Detectors - is a sensor designed to detect and
respond to the presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame
detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the
installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a
fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas line), and activating
a fire suppression system.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
4. Radiant Energy (UV & IR) – used for long
distances and accurate sensing of flames using
the fire’s ultraviolet and infrared properties
IR & UV – thermal imaging camera

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
5. Smoke Detectors (Ionization & Photoelectric)
FOR IONIZATION - Ionization-type smoke alarms have a small amount
of radioactive material between two electrically charged plates, which ionizes
the air and causes current to flow between the plates. When smoke enters
the chamber, it disrupts the flow of ions, thus reducing the flow of current
and activating the alarm.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
FOR PHOTOELECTRIC - Photoelectric-type alarms aim a light source
into a sensing chamber at an angle away from the sensor. Smoke enters the
chamber, reflecting light onto the light sensor; triggering the alarm.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
6. Heat Detectors (Fixed Temperature & Rate-of-
Rise) - is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal
energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element.
For Fixed temperature - Fixed temperature detectors operate when the heat
sensitive eutectic alloy reaches the eutectic point changing state from a solid to a
liquid
For ROR - One thermocouple monitors heat transferred by convection or radiation
while the other responds to ambient temperature. The detector responds when
the first sensing element's temperature increases relative to the other.
Rate of rise detectors may not respond to low energy release rates of slowly
developing fires. T
o detect slowly developing fires combination detectors add a fixed temperature
element that will ultimately respond when the fixed temperature element
reaches the design threshold

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
• USUALLY LOCATED NEAR EXIT ON WALL
• SENDS SIGNAL TO FIRE ALARM SYSTEM WHICH IN TURN PLACES THE BUILDING INTO
ALARM

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
1. Audible Alarms (Horns, Bells, Chimes)
2. Visual Alarms
3. Voice Communication (Assembly Occupancies, High Rises)

FIRE SUPPRESSION
TYPES OF FIRE SPRINKLERS
1. Wet pipe systems - They are comprised of pipes that constantly
contain pressurized water. When an individual sprinkler in the system is
activated by heat from fire, the automatic, closed-type sprinkler head
immediately discharges water onto the fire. As more individual sprinkler
heads are subsequently activated by heat, they too will discharge water
onto the fire until it is controlled or extinguished.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
2. Dry pipe systems - A dry pipe sprinkler system is one in which
pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air
holds a remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in a closed position. Located
in a heated space, the dry-pipe valve prevents water from entering the pipe
until a fire causes one or more sprinklers to operate. Once this happens, the
air escapes and the dry pipe valve releases. Water then enters the pipe,
flowing through open sprinklers onto the fire.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
3. Pre-action systems - Pre-action fire sprinkler systems employ
the basic concept of a dry pipe system in that water is not normally contained
within the pipes. The difference, however, is that water is held from piping by
an electrically operated valve, known as a pre-action valve. Valve operation is
controlled by independent flame, heat, or smoke detection.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
4. Deluge System -are used in places that are considered high
hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft hangars and chemical storage or
processing facilities, this delivers large quantities of water, discharges water
from all heads immediately.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
5. Foam water sprinkler systems - A foam water fire
sprinkler system is a special application system, discharging a mixture of
water and low expansion foam concentrate, resulting in a foam spray from
the sprinkler. These systems are usually used with special hazards
occupancies associated with high challenge fires, such as flammable liquids,
and airport hangars. Operation is as described above, depending on the
system type into which the foam is injected.
Various types of foam concentrate exist, in accordance with the application
considered. Typical foam concentrate types are the following:
- Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Concentrate (AFFF).
- Film-Forming Fluoroprotein Foam Concentrate (FFFP).
- Alcohol-Resistant Foam Concentrate, used for fighting fires on materials
usually destructive to regular AFFF or FFFP foams as well as fires involving
hydrocarbons.
- Fluoroprotein Foam Concentrate.
- Synthetic Foam Concentrate.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
6. Water spray - are operationally identical to a deluge system, but
the piping and discharge nozzle spray patterns are designed to protect a
uniquely configured hazard, usually being three-dimensional components or
equipment. Examples of hazards protected by water spray systems are
electrical transformers containing oil for cooling or turbo-generator bearings.

FIRE SUPPRESSION
7. Water mist systems -Water mist systems are used for special
applications in which it is decided that creating a heat absorbent vapor is the
primary objective. This type of system is typically used where water damage
may be a concern, or where water supplies are limited.
• droplet size of less than 1000 microns at the minimum operation pressure
of the discharge nozzle

FIRE SUPPRESSION
FIRE PUMPS - is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and
powered by electric, diesel or steam. The pump intake is either connected to
the public underground water supply piping, or a static water source (e.g.,
tank, reservoir, lake). FIRE PUMPS should have its own electric generator, if it
is connected to the main generator of the building, it must have a Automatic
Transfer Switch to have a continuous and un interrupted supply of water.
Components:
1. Pump
2. Motor
3. Controllers
4. Jockey Pump
5. Water Tank

FIRE SUPPRESSION
WATER SUPPLY
Standpipe System - are a series of pipe which connect a water supply to hose connections,
basically an extension of the fire hydrant system. They are designed to provide a pre-piped
water system for building occupants or the fire department.
 Class I – intended for fire department use
 Class II – Intended for trained occupants
 Class III – provided with 2.5 inch and 1.5 inch connections

Fire code

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