Fire protection system bservice

FIRE PROTECTION
Building Services (BLD 60903) March 2017 1
5.1 Introduction
Fire protection is a main concern in every building to ensure the safety of the building and
prevent the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires, protecting human lives and
minimize the loss when incident occur. The Summit USJ mall is constructed and maintained
accordance to the building code and local fire code. The implementation of the fire protection
system in the mall is strictly monitored and obeyed under law enforcer and local law. Both active
and passive fire protection system is used in the Summit USJ mall.
Diagram 5.1 Explanation diagram of fire protection system inside a building
5.2 Active Fire Protection
Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection system and required a certain
amount of motion and response in order to operate. It is a combination of alarm system, smoke
control system and the fireman intercom system in automated or manual way of operating
Release
Operator Isolation of
Personal for firstFire First response team
Personnel for
second
Second
response team
Personnel for
second
Detection &

FIRE PROTECTION
system. The water-based system includes hose reel, wet riser, water sprinkler system, etc. The
non water-based system includes sprinkler system using foam or chemical compound which
prolong the fire spreading time. Besides, manpower is needed for the operation of manual active
fire protection such as fire extinguishers. Fire alarm systems and smoke control system is crucial
for a building in order to send signals for warning occupants in the building.
The active fire protection can be classified into 3 categories. First is water-based system, second
is non water-based system and last is alarm and detection system and devices. The components
of these three systems are stated below.
Diagram 5.2 Summary of Active Fire Protection (AFP)
Active
Water-
Non Water-
Based
Alarm and
Detection
Wet Riser
system
Smoke
detector
Sprinkler
System
Fire Control
room
Hose reel
Fire man
Intercom
External
Portable Carbon
Manual
Call Point
Fireman Fire Alarm
bell
Addressable
Fire alarm

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1 Alarm and Detection System
Fire alarm and detection systems are automated electronic systems which automatically detect
any possible fire incident and notify building occupants to take evasive action to escape the
dangers of a hostile fire by sound the alarm. Moreover, it also served to inform the fire control
operator to summon organized assistance to initiate or assist in fire control activities upon the
fire incident. Usually, the detection of the fire is by sensing smoke and heat using integrated
sensors. Types of alarm and detection system and devices which found in Summit USJ mall
includes:

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1.1 Smoke and Heat Detectors
Diagram 5.3 Photoelectric smoke detector used in Summit USJ (Left), Detection process (Right)
Detectors with combined function that can detect both smoke and heat can be found in lift lobby,
mechanical rooms and electric rooms of Summit USJ. The type of the detector used in the mall
is photoelectric smoke detector . Its uses the light source to detect smoke. Under the normal
circumstances the Infra-Red lens that shoots a light beam down to the light catcher chamber.
When smoke is present in the room, it enters the optical chamber, the vertical light beam is
interrupted and dispersed in all direction where reflected lights will then trigger the sensor and
activate the alarm.
Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 Analysis
Section 153(1):
Smoke detectors
Smoke detectors for lobbies. All lift lobbies
shall be provided with smoke detectors.
The Summit USJ Mall has fulfilled the
requirement where photoelectric smoke
detectors are made compulsory to be installed
at all lift halls.

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1.2 Fire control room
Diagram 5.4 and 5.5 Fire indicator for each floor of Summit USJ mall, CCTV monitoring screen to
observe the condition
Fire control room of Summit Mall is located at basement one carpark. It function as monitoring
conditions, receiving signals, displaying actual situations and processing fire alarms. Fire
control room operates 24 hours by two security guards, one at a time, where their shift is
interchangeable in order to monitor the system. When the control unit receives signals sent from
the alarm system, the operator will immediately make decisions and take action according to the
situation. If a fire incident is confirmed, digital alarm communication system will automatically
send signals generated by the fire alarm to the nearest fire station.
Section 238:
Command and control centre
Every large premises or building exceeding
30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a
command and control centre located on the
designated floor and shall contain a panel to
monitor the public address, fire brigade
communication, sprinkler, waterflow
detectors, fire detection and alarm systems
A control room is located at the basement car
park of Summit Mall with all required
systems.

FIRE PROTECTION
and with a direct telephone connection to the
appropriate fire station by-passing the
switchboard.

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1.3 Fire Alarm System
An addressable fire alarm system is made up of a series of fire detectors and devices that are
connected back to a central control panel. With addressable systems, each device has an address
or location, enabling the exact detector that was triggered to be quickly identified. This makes
addressable alarm systems ideal for large buildings, particularly commercial premises spread
over a wide area. The Summit USJ Mall used the addressable fire alarm system due to its
accuracy and reliable. Addressable fire alarm system consists of 3 components which are
manual call point, alarm bell and fireman’s switch and is designed to be attached on the wall
at every lift lobbies and stairwell exits.
Diagram 5.6 Above are addressable fire alarm system diagram.

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1.4 Manual Call Point
Diagram 5.7 and 5.8 Manual call point (left), Location of manual call point (right)
In emergency situation the manual call points serves the purpose of raising awareness of public
by breaking the glass manually, it will trigger the alarm. There are a total of 9 manual call points
for each floor, which are located at the same place in the lift lobby, each manual call point is
installed on the wall at 1.4 metres high above the finished floor level to ensure it can be noticed
easily and reachable.
Section 155 (1):
Fire mode of operation
The fire mode of operation shall be initiated
by a signal from the fire panel which may be
activated automatically by one of the alarm
devices in the building or manually.
Manual call points are provided for the
occupants to activate the fire alarm system
manually during a fire or emergency case.

FIRE PROTECTION
5.2.1.5 Alarm Bell
Diagram 5.9 Alarm bell with a siren light installed.
Alarm bell serves the function to alert the occupants by ringing constantly when it is activated.
Activation of alarm bell can be achieved by the manual call point, heat and smoke detector
or fire control room. In Summit Mall, there are 9 alarm bells which is located at lift lobbies.
Alarm bells are also connected with a siren light which will light up when the alarm is activated.
Section 241:
Special requirements for fire alarm systems
In places where there are deaf persons and in
places where by nature of the occupancy
audible alarm is undesirable, visible indicator
alarm signals shall be incorporated in addition
to the normal alarm system.
Manual call points are provided for the
occupants to activate the fire alarm system
manually during a fire or emergency case.

FIRE PROTECTION
Building Services (BLD 60903) March 2017
10
5.2.1.6Fireman’s Switch
Diagram 5.10 Fireman’s Switch of Summit USJ
The fireman switch is a switch-disconnector/ isolator for special applications. These switches is
found at the corridor and stairway at every level in Summit USJ Mall. They are designed for
easy to spot and are used by firemen to detach the high voltage current from the electrical
supply or other hazardous electrical equipment in case of fire.

FIRE PROTECTION
11
5.2.1.7 Fireman Intercom Station
Diagram 5.11 and 5.12 Emergency phone (Left) and Intercom Station (Right)
Fireman intercom system in Summit USJ mall is an alternating communication system during
emergency which allows communication and giving instruction through the intercom handset
station installed on every emergency exits and the main intercom handset in the fire control
room. The intercom handset stations are located at emergency staircase at every level in Summit
Mall.

FIRE PROTECTION
12
5.2.2 Non Water-Based System
Sometimes, water is not the best way in active fire protection system. In certain cases, non water-
based system is safer to use during an emergency such as fire incident in an electrical room. The
non water-based system consists of carbon dioxide system and dry chemical agents. It is
normally triggered by an electrical fire system and release of the gas agents rapidly to occupied
the space in the air, push away the oxygen inside the space to lower down the oxygen level and
extinguish the fire. The selection of gas agent is depending on the application, the level of risk
and life safety factors. The Summit USJ mall used the carbon dioxide system for electrical room
and motor room and ABC fire extinguishers.

FIRE PROTECTION
13
5.2.2.1 Portable Fire Extinguisher
Diagram 5.13 and 5.14 Location of fire extinguishers.
Diagram 5.15, 5.16 and 5.17 Container of extinguisher (Left), Extinguisher (Middle), Components of
extinguisher (Right)
Portable fire extinguisher is meant for extinguish fires caught in small areas but not for major fire
incident. A standard fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel
containing an fire extinguishing agent which will be discharged to extinguish fire. There are two
types of fire extinguishers used in Summit Mall which are ABC dry powder and carbon dioxide
fire extinguisher. ABC dry powder fire extinguishers are located in both lift lobbies and inside
the mall while carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are situated at the basement carpark and both
electricity and machinery rooms. In Summit Mall, license of every fire extinguishers will be
renewed once a year.
Classification and Use of Fire Extinguishers

FIRE PROTECTION
14
The Summit USJ mall used dry chemical fire extinguishers. All the fire extinguishers used in
Summit USJ mall are dry chemical fire extinguishers which is effective on Class A, B and C
fires.
Class A Solid matters forming glowing reside. Wood, paper, textile, cloth, rubber,
plastic etc.
Class B Flammable liquid fires. These can be fires where cooking liquids, oil, gasoline,
kerosene, or paint have become ignited.
Class C Fire extinguishers with a Class C rating are suitable for fires in “live” electrical
equipment. Computers and electricity apparatus can be found in the computer lab of
elderly centre.
Fire Appliance Access
Section 140:
(1) All building in excess of 7000 cubic
meter shall attach to access road or
open area not less than 12 meters
width and accessible to fire brigade
appliances.
The access road to Summit Mall is more than
12 meters width which allows the accessibility
of fire brigade appliances.

FIRE PROTECTION
15
5.2.2.2 CO² Fire Suppression System
Diagram 5.18 and 5.19 Carbon dioxide tanks connected to the system
In area that is extremely sensitive or hazardous, water-based system is instead replaced with
another system, and in Summit USJ, carbon dioxide system. Areas in Summit USJ that uses CO²
fire suppression system includes:
- Cooler room
- Server room
- Electrical room
- AHU room
These spaces are occupied by machineries that are highly sensitive to water and cannot come
into contact with them as they are running with high voltage of electricity and are not water
sealed or water proof. That is why using water sprinkler as fire protection is not an option. Water
are substituted by carbon dioxide gas, these gases are then compress to become liquid form and
later stored into several tanks. The CO² gas is released when the smoke or heat detector is
activated in those particular rooms or chamber. the CO² gas cools down the room temperature
resulting in the flame being weaken and eventually dies out. Fire can’t burn in a cool temperate
room, this is an optimum way to extinguish the fire.
5.2.3 Water-Based System
Water is the most commonly used fire extinguishing agents due to its natural properties that

FIRE PROTECTION
16
against the fire not only that it is also cost cheaper compare to other type of fire extinguishing
agent. Besides, It also control the smoke spreading rate which helps to lengthen the escaping
time for the occupants from the fire incident. There are four types of water based system that
found in the Summit USJ mall which is wet riser system, automatic sprinkler system, hose reel
system, and external fire hydrant.
5.2.3.1SprinklerPump Room
Diagram 5.20 and 5.21 Pump and tank (Left), Control panel (Right)
The sprinkler pump room serves as the main control room for the water sprinkler system. It
consists of switches for water pumps, water tank for the sprinkler water supply, and also water
pumps. The sprinkler pump room will transmit pressurised water to the water sprinkler system at
a predetermined pressure.
5.2.3.2 Water Sprinkler System

FIRE PROTECTION
17
Diagram 5.22, 5.23 and 5.24 Pendent Sprinkler (Right), Upright Sprinkler (Middle), Components (Left)
The water sprinkler system in Summit USJ is connected to a sprinkler pump system that draws
water from the water tank in Summit USJ. The mall uses Wet Pipe Systems, The sprinkler is
activated when the heat-sensible bulb burst due to the expansion of its inner liquid due to
absorption of heat. When activated, the sprinkler sprays water onto a 3m x 3m area beneath it,
which helps slow down the spread of fire or even douse fire. In case of pump system failure, a
breeching inlet located on the exterior wall of the mall can be connected to a closeby fire hydrant
to supply water to the sprinklers.

FIRE PROTECTION
18
5.2.3.3 Jockey Pump
Diagram 5.25 Jockey Pump
Jockey pump controlled specific pressure in sprinkler pipes and is connected to the water tanks.
The function is to ensure the pressurized water is constantly provided to the sprinkler system
risers while there is a pressure drop. Besides that, it also prevents the damage of sprinkler pipes
due to a sudden change in water pressure when the fire pump is activated. If water sprinkler
system works normally without any malfunction, the jockey pump does not have to be operated
frequently, but always on standby.
5.2.3.4Duty Pump
Diagram 5.26 Duty Pump
Duty pump is used to generate pressure to allow continuous water pumping process. It will also
supply the pressurized water to office tower of Summit Mall if there are insufficient water
supply.
5.2.3.5 Sprinkler Alarm Valve

FIRE PROTECTION
19
Diagram 5.27 Sprinkler Alarm Valve
The sprinkler alarm valve is located at the basement car park of the Summit USJ Mall. The alarm
valve control the water supply and the cleaning process in the sprinkler pipe. The valve will be
switched off when the water pressure achieved the required water supply pressure. When the
water pressure inside the sprinkler pipes decreases, the valve is activated again to adjust the
pressure to return to its optimum. The maintenance for the sprinkler pipe is carried out once
every three months where water in the pipes are discharged thoroughly and filled back again.
Section 228:
Sprinkler valves (2):
All sprinkler systems shall be electricity
connected to the nearest fire station to provide
immediate and automatic relay of alarm when
activated.
The alarm valve controls the flow of water
into the fire sprinkler system. When a fire
sprinkler is activated due to a fire, the alarm
valve will open, water will flow through the
system, and an alarm will sound.
5.2.3.6 Wet Riser

FIRE PROTECTION
20
Diagram 5.28 and 5.29 Riser Pipe (Left), Drawing of riser pipe system (Right)
Diagram 5.30 Illustration of a Wet Riser system
Wet riser is a piping system which serves as an internal fire hydrant which draws water from the
water tank dedicated to fire protection. Unlike its counterpart, the dry riser, wet riser is
permanently charged with water, which allows immediate water flows upon activation of fire
hose or sprinkler. The wet riser system is generally installed in building taller than 18 meters,
which is fulfilled by The Summit USJ as it is a 5-storey building (not including basement).
5.2.3.7 Fire Hose Reel System

FIRE PROTECTION
21
Diagram 5.31 and 5.32 Location of Fire Hose Reel
Diagram 5.33 and 5.34 Fire Hose Reel (Left), Fire Hose Reel System drawing (Right)
A fire hose reel serve as a fire fighting tool, it is a hose that carries high-pressured water to help
fire brigade extinguish fire. Sometimes the hose carries some other fire retardant such as foam
rather than water. When indoors, it is permanently attach to the building's standpipe or plumbing
system. When it is outside of the building, it is use to attach either to a fire hydrant or a fire
engine. When the fire hose reel system is activated, the hose goes under a pressure of 116 to 290
PSI( Pounds per Square Inch ) units. In Summit USJ, the length of the fire hose is 30 meters with
19mm diameter. Fire hose reels in Summit USJ are located at every floor of lift lobbies,
emergency staircases and in the mall itself. Each floor consists of 11 nos. of fire hose reel in the
mall and 12 nos in the basement.
5.2.3.8 External Fire Hydrant
Based on the site analysis, there are four fire hydrants found on site, two located outside the
Summit Mall and the Summit Hotel, and the other two are at the back of each building. Fire

FIRE PROTECTION
22
hydrant is the instant water supply which provides a powerful pressurised water to any point of
the building once the hose is attached to the fire hydrant with the valve switched on.
Diagram 5.35 and 5.36 External Fire Hydrants located outside the mall
Section 225:
Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1) Every building shall be served by at
least one fire hydrant located not more
than 91.5 metres from the nearest
point of fire brigade access.
(2) Depending on the size and location of
the building and the provision of
access for fire appliances, additional
fire hydrant shall be provided as may
All the fire hydrant located behind the
Summit building and hotel, also as well as the
assembly points where the hydrants are all
accessible by the fire brigade. Each location
of the fire hydrant provided sufficient
clearance space for fire brigade to conduct
their duty, as there are placed in an open space
area.
Four fire hydrants is provided as required by
the fire authority. Located at the four corners
of the Summit Mall and Hotel in combined
helps enlarge the radius of fire extinguish

FIRE PROTECTION
23
be required by the Fire Authority. coverage.

FIRE PROTECTION
24
5.3 Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Passive fire protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components of structural fire
protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through
use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples). PFP systems must comply
with the associated listing and approval use and compliance in order to provide the effectiveness
expected by building codes.

FIRE PROTECTION
25
5.3.1
Emerg
ency
Evacu
ation
Route
Diagram 5.37 and 5.38 Signages indicating the direction of fire exit
Diagram 5.39 and 5.40 Informative floor plans are located on walls of lift lobbies.
A floor plan with fire escape route can be found located in the lift lobbies in every floor of the
building. The floor plan consist of important information such as the location of fire

FIRE PROTECTION
26
extinguishers, fire staircase and the closest fire assembly point. In addition to that, emergency
escape signages are also placed strategically on walls to help guide occupants to the allocated
safe zone in case of emergency.
Section 172:
Emergency exit signs
(1) A sign reading “Keluar” with an arrow
indicating the direction shall be placed
in every location where the direction
of the travel to reach the nearest exit is
not immediately apparent.
(2) Storey exits and access to such exits
shall be marked by readily visible
signs and shall not covered by any
decorations, furnishings or other
equipment.
(3) All exit signs shall be illuminated
continuously during periods of
occupancy.
(4) Illuminated signs be provided with
two electric lamps.
‘Keluar’ signs can be seen above every fire
door on towards the exiting direction.
Red signages can be seen on walls to indicate
the direction of closest fire exit. In addition to
that, the management team made sure that the
signs are not obscured by anything.
Exit signs are to be lighten up for a better
stimulation towards occupants eyesight, to
help indicate more obviously of where the
emergency exit is.
In case one of the lamps blow out or is
malfunctioning, the other one still works and
acts as a backup, so that part of the sign still
illuminates.

FIRE PROTECTION
27

FIRE PROTECTION
28
5.3.2 Assembly Point
Diagram 5.41 Highlighted area shows assembly point of Summit USJ
An empty space in front of the mall has been allocated as a fire assembly point. It is an open
ground used mainly for evacuating occupants. The safety requirement for the assembly point
must be distanced from the building at a minimum of 30 meters or 100 feet.
Section 179:
Classification of places of assembly
Each place of assembly shall be classified
according to its capacity as follows:
Class A - Capacity: 1000 persons or more
Class B - Capacity: 300 to 1000 persons
Class C - Capacity: 100 to 300 persons
Section 182:
Rate of discharge
The Summit Mall’s assembly point can house
a total of 300 occupants, but they are using
two class C assembly point. One located in
front of the mall and the second is in front of
the hotel.
The faster the rate of discharge, the lesser the

FIRE PROTECTION
29
The rate of travel per floor of persons shall be
sixty persons per minute through doors or
along level passageways and forty-five
persons per minute down stairs.
casualties. The assembly point is an open air
ground located directly outside of the main
entrance of the mall, shortening the distance
needed to travel from the building to the safe
zone.

FIRE PROTECTION
30
5.3.3 Fire Emergency Staircase
Diagram 5.42 Fire emergency staircase
Emergency staircases are required for high rises as mechanical transportations will not function
during fire. In Summit USJ, a total of 12 emergency staircases can be found. The staircases are
built wider than conventional staircases so it can fit more occupants while also reduce the risk of
people falling and hurting themselves due to panic. The landings of the staircases are also fitted
with proper lighting to ensure the safety of occupants. Furthermore, pressure fans are installed in
every stairwell to prevent smokes from entering into the area, as it is important for the stairwell
to stay smoke-free. To further make sure that the stairwell stays smoke-free, every entrance to
the stairwell is fitted with fire retardant doors that are always kept closed.
Diagram 5.43 Floorplan of emergency staircases showing the radius of door opening does not interfere
the flow of movement.

FIRE PROTECTION
31
Section 157 :
Protected shaft consisting of staircase
A protected staircase or a protected shaft
containing a staircase shall not contain any
pipe conveying gas or oil or any ventilating
duct other than a duct serving only that
staircase of shaft.
Section 168:
Staircases
(1) Except as provided for in By-Law 194
every upper floor shall have means of
egress via at least two separate
staircase.
(2) The required width of a staircase shall
be maintained throughout its length
including at landings.
(3) Doors giving access to staircases shall
be so positioned that their swing shall
at no point encroach on the required
width of the staircases or landing.
The emergency staircase in Summit USJ are
made sure to have its own piping system
throughout its entire shaft so that no smoke
will be able to flow into the shaft during in
event of fire.
There are 12 staircases leading up to and
every floors in the mall.
The landings of the staircases are wide
enough that opening the door/door clearance
will not obstruct the path.

FIRE PROTECTION
32
5.3.4 Fire Retardant
Door
< Diagram 5.44 Composition of
fire door
1. Insulative core
2. Reinforcing core channel
3. Timber edging
4. Door finish
5. Mild steel frame
6. Hinges
Diagram 5.45 Fire door.
< Diagram 5.46 Steel plate with information of fire door.
Fire retardant doors (or fire door for short) are specially made doors that can resist direct fire
from damaging it for a certain amount of time, therefore slowing down the spread of fire and
smoke. The time needed to fully burned through the door is determined by the fire-resistance
rating and can be altered depending on the need. Inside the fire retardant door contains a layer of
insulative core (gypsum board). Its non-combustible core contains roughly 21% chemically
combined water, which under high heat, will slowly released out as steam. It effectively restraint
the transfer of heat and the spread of fire. Even when the core is dried up from the released of
water, gypsum board continues to serve as a heat-insulating barrier. Moreover, gypsum board has
a low flame-spread index and a low smoke-density index. When installed in combination with
other materials, gypsum board serves to effectively protect building elements from fire for a
period of time.

FIRE PROTECTION
33
Section 162:
Fire doors in compartment walls and
separating walls
(1) Fire doors of the appropriate Fire-
Rated Protection (FRP) shall be
provided.
(2) Openings in partitions enclosing a
protected corridor or lobby shall be
protected by fire doors having FRP of
half hour.
(3) Fire doors including framed will be
constructed to be specification which
can be shown to meet the requirements
for the relevant FRP when tested in
accordance with section 3 of BS
476:1951.
The fire doors in Summit USJ are designed to
have FRP of an hour, with the information
listed on the top-right of the door.
All doors used to in mall are fire doors
therefore having FRP of an hour.
All fire doors and also frames in Summit USJ
are constructed to specification and met the
requirements.

FIRE PROTECTION
34
5.3.5 Fireproof
Structure
Material
Diagram 5.47 The composition of Cement and Concrete.
The Summit USJ uses concrete as its main structural material, as concrete is known to have high
degree of fire resistant. This is because concrete is made of cement which is a combination of
limestone, clay and gypsum, added with aggregate materials, all of which are chemically inert
and practically cannot be ignited. However, concrete can still be deformed if exposed to high
heat over a long time, and thus, the time limit for evacuation activity is set to 6 hours.
Section 143:
Beam or column
Any beam or column forming part of, and any
structure carrying, and external wall which is
required to be constructed of noncombustible
material shall comply with the provisions of
paragraph (3) of by-law 142 as to non-
The Summit USJ uses concrete as its
structural material which is non-combustible.

FIRE PROTECTION
35
combustibility.
Section 217:
Fire resistance of structural member
Any structural member or overloading wall
shall have fire resistance of not less than the
minimum period required by these By-laws
for any element which it carries
Concrete structures used in Summit USJ can
last approx. 6 hours before collapse, while the
walls/floors it carries can only last approx. 1
hour.

FIRE PROTECTION
36
5.3.6 Fire Brigade Access
Diagram 5.48 and 5.49 Plan indicating the fire brigade access (Left) and photo of the road (Right).
Access for fire brigade appliances to the exterior of a building is necessary to enable high reach
appliances, such as ladders and hydraulic platforms to be used and to enable pumping for fire
fighting and rescue activities. Access requirements increase with the building size and height.
According to the landscape plan of Summit Mall, the red line indicates the access road for the
firemen and fire engines to enter the mall for emergency rescue operations.
Section 140:
Fire appliance access
All building in excess of 7000 cubic meter
shall attach to access road or open area not
less than 12 meters width and accessible to
fire brigade appliances.
There is an access road built specifically for
the fire authority around the mall which is
more than 12 meters, fully equipped with
external fire hydrants
5.3.7 Compartmentation

FIRE PROTECTION
37
Diagram 5.50 Plan showing compartmentation of the building
Fire compartmentation is a vital part of any fire safety design, it limits the size of the fire,
confining it to minimize the risk of loss of occupants. One of the compartmentation system is fire
roller shutter door, it is an important component to have in passive fire protection. By installing
fire roller shutter door, its function will further divide the building into several spaces and fully
isolate each space in order to prevent the fire from spreading throughout the whole building.
Section 218:
Compartment, Wall Separating and
Maisonette
Any compartment wall separating a flat or
maisonette from any other part of the same
building shall not be required to have fire
resistance exceeding one hour unless
(a) the wall is a load-bearing wall or a
wall forming part of a protected shaft;
or
The emergency staircases are located in an
entire different room, with a fire door as the
entry point.
Each shop unit in the mall is divided into
several compartment with firewall and sealed
by roller shutter.

FIRE PROTECTION
38
(b) the part of the building from which the
wall separates the flat or maisonette is
of a different purpose group and the
minimum period of fire resistance
required by this Part for any element
of structure in that part is one and a
half hours or more.
5.3.8 Confinement
Diagram 5.51 Roller shutter in the basement parking
The fire roller shutters are a range of fire protection barriers that automatically operate in an
emergency situation once a signal is received from a fire alarm system. The fire roller shutter has
1-4 hours of fire rating protection. Made from Galvanised steel standard and polyester powder
coated, has a higher melting point and can withstand longer at high temperature, giving sufficient
amount of time for fire rescue team to arrive and occupants to evacuate with lower casualties.
5.3.9 Signages

FIRE PROTECTION
39
Diagram 5.52, 5.53 and 5.54 Different red signages in the building.
Red signages can be found located on walls to provide a clear indication that they are fire
brigade appliances.

Fire protection system bservice

More Related Content

Similar to Fire protection system bservice (20)

More from yenweizheng (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Fire protection system bservice