The document discusses the first conditional, a grammatical structure used to talk about possible future events. The first conditional has two clauses: an "if" clause to set the condition and a main clause with "will" to express the probable result. It is used for promises, threats, offers, and deals. The structure takes the form "if + present simple, subject + will + base verb." There are two possible forms - condition then result or result then condition without a comma. Examples are provided like "If I study hard, I will pass the test."