FIXTURE LIGHTS . power point presentation
- 2. ◦ Definition of 'lighting fixture' a lighting fixture is part of a light that is attached to the wall or ceiling where you put the light bulb or other lighting element, and which cannot be easily removed. ◦ Fixtures may also have a switch to control the light, either attached to the lamp body or attached to the power cable. Permanent light fixtures, such as dining room chandeliers, may have no switch on the fixture itself, but rely on a wall switch. ◦ Fixtures require an electrical connection to a power source, typically AC mains power, but some run on battery power for camping or emergency lights. Permanent lighting fixtures are directly wired. Movable lamps have a plug and cord that plugs into a wall socket.
- 3. Types of Lighting Fixtures Architectural lighting fixture 1. Valance Lighting 2. Cornice Lighting 3. Cove Lighting 4. Bracket Lighting 5. Soffit Lighting 6. Recessed Lighting 7. Sky Lighting 8. Translucent lighting 9. Track lighting The three most common forms of architectural lighting are cove, soffit and valance; all three are integrated into the room’s structure. Cove lighting is located in a ledge, shelf or recess high up on a wall, and the light is bounced toward the ceiling or upper wall. Soffit lighting is located in a soffit or cornice near the ceiling, and the light radiates downward, washing the wall with light. ◦ Valance lighting is located in a wood, metal or glass valance (horizontal shield) mounted above a window or high on the wall, and the light bounces both upward and downward. ◦ The technique of bouncing light off walls and ceilings is known as indirect lighting, which is favored by many lighting professionals because indirect lighting minimizes shadows and glare. Architectural lighting is most often used as ambient lighting
- 4. Ceiling-Mounted Lighting Fixtures ◦ This broad range of fixtures is, as its name implies, mounted directly to the ceiling, and typically features a glass, fabric, or plastic shade that conceals the light bulb and helps diffuse light more evenly. ◦ Ceiling-mounted fixtures tend to be used to provide ambient light in a room as opposed to accent or task lighting because they provide more general, dispersed lighting. Recessed lighting fixtures. ◦ Installed above the ceiling, this type of lighting has an opening that is flush with the ceiling. ◦ A recessed light requires at least 6 inches of clearance above the ceiling, and insulation is essential to ensure that condensation does not drip into the fixture. ◦ Recessed lighting sends a relatively narrow band of light in one direction; it can be used to provide ambient, task or accent lighting Pendants lighting fixture. ◦ Pendant lights are lights that hang from a cable, cord, or pipe from an attachment at a ceiling, ending in a shade enclosing a light bulb that primarily provides light in a downward direction, known as a down light. Pendants are often located over a table or kitchen island because they provide ambient or task lighting, and usually have strong stylistic elements that bring character to a space because they’re so visible.
- 5. Cornice Lighting ◦ Cornice lighting, also known as soffit lighting, directs light down from behind a soffit or cornice, washing the wall with light. The light source or light fixture is shielded by a panel parallel to the wall and attached to the ceiling. Cove Light ◦ In cove lighting, lights are often directed towards the ceiling or the top of the walls of a room. The lighting may be concealed behind valances, above crown moldings, or built into ledges or recesses, but essentially the lighting is indirect. Cove lighting has the potential to breathe new life into a dull room.
- 6. Factors to Consider when Planning a Lighting System ◦ 1. The amount of light required for an area will depend on various factors like: ◦ Location and direction of the light sources. ◦ Reflected qualities of color. ◦ Textures used in the room. ◦ The number of lamps and fixtures. ◦ The wattage of bulbs and tubes. ◦ 2. If artificially lighting a room check on heat gains. ◦ 3. Design and durability. ◦ 4. Ease of replacement especially if lampshades are used. ◦ 5. Cleaning-they should be easily cleaned. ◦ 6. Cost.
- 7. Recommended Value of Illumination ◦ General Labs- 400 Lux Reading Tables- 600 Lux ◦ Bars- 50-70 Lux ◦ Kitchens- 200 Lux ◦ Restaurant Tables- 100 Lux ◦ Bedroom- 100 Lux Hospital Wards- 50 Lux ◦ Stairs and Corridors- 100 Lux
- 8. Principles of Lighting Designs The use of lighting is visually pleasing when it follows the following principles: 1. Balance: This is achieved by placing light sources throughout the room avoiding a concentration of light on any side or area of the space. Balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. 2. Unity: This can be achieved by duplicating the fixtures as well as repeating the materials, finishes, colors, textures, and maybe lampshades. 3. Variety: Variety can also be created by having general and local lighting also by changing the level of illumination with dimmers. 4. Emphasis: It is given by highlighting. Lack of emphasis in an interior causes boredom, confusion, and uncertainty as to the design content and intention. 5. Rhythm: The sequence of lighting will create a luminous rhythm giving the space a dynamic quality. 6. Scale and Proportion: The fixtures must be in proportion and scale to the room, themselves, and to the relative objects in the room. 7. Harmony: If the contrast between general and accent lighting is too strong there will not be enough luminous transaction and the lighting composition will lack harmony.