Flow charts week 5 2020 2021
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This document provides an introduction to flowcharting and algorithms. It discusses the basic components of flowcharts like terminals, input/output operations, processes, and different flowchart structures like sequence, decision, repetition, and case. It also compares flowcharts and pseudocode as ways to represent algorithms independent of programming language. Examples of each flowchart structure are provided. The document emphasizes that flowcharts provide a visual representation of the flow or steps in a process to solve a problem.
Flow charts week 5 2020 2021
- 1. 1 Introduction to Flowcharting Computer Science Principles 2020-2021 STEM Education
- 2. • Agenda
- 3. • Lo C S. 1.04 w5 w6 Identify and explain the problem-solving steps. • Compare/contrast ideas within algorithms (pseudo-code and Flowcharts) to apply logical thinking in problem-solving.
- 4. Essential Questions • What conditions, attitudes, and behaviors support creativity and innovative thinking? • 2- How are flowcharts used in planning a process used to solve a step-by-step solution to a given problem?
- 5. Designing Software With Flowcharts And Pseudo-code In this section you will learn two different ways of laying out a computer algorithm independent of programming language
- 6. A Model For Creating Computer Software • Specify the problem • Develop a design (algorithm) • Implement the design • Maintain the design
- 7. What Is An Algorithm? • The steps needed to solve a problem • Characteristics –Specific –Unambiguous الغموض من خالية –Language independent
- 8. Developing An Algorithm: Top- Down Approach General approach Approach to part of problem Specific steps Specific steps Specific steps Specific steps Approach to part of problem Approach to part of problem Abstract Particular Top Bottom Figure extracted from Computer Science Illuminated by Dale N. and Lewis J. The algorithm
- 9. Techniques For Laying Out An Algorithm •Pseudo-code •Flowcharts
- 10. Pseudo-Code • Employs 'programming-like' statements to depict تصف the algorithm • No standard format (language independent)
- 11. Pseudo-Code Statements • Output • Input • Process • Decision • Repetition Statements are carried out in order Example: calling up a friend 1) Look up telephone number 2) Enter telephone number 3) Wait for someone to answer : :
- 12. Listen to this video about flowchart in general • Listen to this video about flowchart • Off line • On line 12
- 13. 13 What is a Flowchart? • A flowchart is a diagram that depicts the “flow” of a program. • The figure shown here is a flowchart for the pay-calculating program shown in Program 1-1. START Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate Multiply Hours by PayRate. Store result in GrossPay. Display GrossPay END
- 14. 14 Basic Flowchart Symbols • Terminals – represented by rounded rectangles – indicate a starting or ending point START Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate Multiply Hours by PayRate. Store result in GrossPay. Display GrossPay END Terminal START END Terminal
- 15. 15 Basic Flowchart Symbols • Input/Output Operations – represented by parallelograms – indicate an input or output operation START Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate Multiply Hours by PayRate. Store result in GrossPay. Display GrossPay END Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Input/Output Operation
- 16. 16 Basic Flowchart Symbols • Processes – represented by rectangles – indicates a process such as a mathematical computation or variable assignment START Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate Multiply Hours by PayRate. Store result in GrossPay. Display GrossPay END Multiply Hours by PayRate. Store result in GrossPay. Process
- 17. 17 Four Flowchart Structures • Sequence • Decision • Repetition • Case
- 18. 18 Sequence Structure • A series of actions are performed in sequence • The pay-calculating example was a sequence flowchart.
- 19. 19 Decision Structure • The flowchart segment below shows how a decision structure is expressed in C++ as an if/else statement. YESNO x < y? Calculate a as x times 2. Calculate a as x plus y. if (x < y) a = x * 2; else a = x + y; Flowchart C++ Code
- 20. 20 Decision Structure • The flowchart segment below shows a decision structure with only one action to perform. It is expressed as an if statement in C++ code. if (x < y) a = x * 2; Flowchart C++ Code YESNO x < y? Calculate a as x times 2.
- 21. 21 Repetition Structure • The flowchart segment below shows a repetition structure expressed in C++ as a while loop. while (x < y) x++; Flowchart C++ Code x < y? Add 1 to x YES
- 22. 22 Controlling a Repetition Structure • The action performed by a repetition structure must eventually cause the loop to terminate. Otherwise, an infinite loop is created. • In this flowchart segment, x is never changed. Once the loop starts, it will never end. • QUESTION: How can this flowchart be modified so it is no longer an infinite loop? x < y? Display x YES
- 23. 23 Controlling a Repetition Structure • ANSWER: By adding an action within the repetition that changes the value of x. x < y? Display x Add 1 to x YES
- 24. 24 Case Structure CASE years_employed 1 2 3 Other bonus = 100 bonus = 200 bonus = 400 bonus = 800 If years_employed = 1, bonus is set to 100 If years_employed = 2, bonus is set to 200 If years_employed = 3, bonus is set to 400 If years_employed is any other value, bonus is set to 800
- 25. 25 Connectors A ASTART END •The “A” connector indicates that the second flowchart segment begins where the first segment ends.
- 26. 26 Modules •The position of the module symbol indicates the point the module is executed. •A separate flowchart can be constructed for the module. START END Read Input. Call calc_pay function. Display results.
- 27. 27 • This flowchart segment shows two decision structures combined. Combining Structures Display “x is within limits.” Display “x is outside the limits.” YESNO x > min? x < max? YESNO Display “x is outside the limits.”
- 28. 28 Review • What do each of the following symbols represent? (Answer on next slide)
- 29. 29 Answer • What do each of the following symbols represent? Terminal Input/Output Operation Process Decision Connector Module
- 30. 30 Review • Name the four flowchart structures. (Answer on next slide)
- 31. 31 Answer • Sequence • Decision • Repetition • Case
- 32. 32 • What type of structure is this? Review (Answer on next slide)
- 34. 34 • What type of structure is this? Review (Answer on next slide)
- 36. 36 • What type of structure is this? Review (Answer on next slide)
- 37. 37 Answer • Case
- 38. 38 • What type of structure is this? Review (Answer on next slide)
- 40. Listen to this video about how to draw flowchart • Listen to this video about flowchart • Off line • On line 40
- 41. How to create flowchart • You can design flowchart by hand in a paper , • Using MS word , MS power point • Using on line software for designing flowcharts • Using off line software for designing flowchart 41
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- 45. Examples ??? 45
- 46. Listen to this video about Animated EDP Flow Chart • Listen to this video about flowchart • Off line • On line 46
- 47. Summary • Laying out an algorithm using flowcharts and pseudo-code • Learning basic elements of algorithms: – Input – Output – Decision-Making – Repetition – Processes – Learning basic elements of flow chart
- 48. References • https://www.edrawsoft.com/explain- algorithm-flowchart.php http://www.breezetree.com/article-excel- flowchart-shapes.htm https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference- between-algorithm-pseudocode-and- program/ • http://www.asfa.k12.al.us/ourpages/auto/201 4/7/29/35696140/Flowcharting.ppt • https://youtu.be/8bIy17ZBFWs
- 49. Exit ticket • Write about 2 new tips you learned today 49
- 50. Home work Draw flow chart as pre solving for your estimated capstone project Note you can use this flow chart in your capstone portfolio 50
- 51. • Collected By Osama Ghandour 51
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