Footnotes and Endnotes and their features
- 1. Page Features • Footnotes and endnotes • Headers and footers • Page numbering • Margins • Columns
- 2. Footnotes and endnotes • Footnotes and endnotes are attached to individual words. • Word automatically handles their insertion, numbering, re-numbering, and placement.
- 3. When to use footnotes • The purpose of footnotes is to give the reader additional information about a topic but without causing them to be sidetracked from the main point of the current text.
- 4. How to insert footnotes • Put your insertion point right at the end of the word you want to footnote, then do Insert => Footnote… to bring up the following dialog box:
- 6. • In this window you choose whether you want – a footnote, which will appear at the bottom of the page, or – an endnote, which will appear at the end of the section or document.
- 7. Headers and footers • Headers and footers are repeated texts that appear at the top and the bottom of every page of a document.
- 8. • They include text or graphics, for example, – page numbers, – the date, – a company logo, – the document's title or file name, – the author's name, and so on.
- 9. • You can use the same header and footer throughout a document or change the header and footer for parts of the document. • For example, use a unique header or footer on the first page, or leave the header or footer off the first page (a standard practice).
- 10. • You can also use different headers and footers on odd and even pages or for different parts of a document.
- 11. To create a header or footer: • 1 On the View menu (and not the Insert menu, as with footnotes), click Header and Footer. • 2 To create a header, enter text or graphics in the header area. • Or click a button on the Header and Footer toolbar.
- 12. The buttons are: • To insert: • Page numbers • The current date • The current time • Common header or footer items, such as running total page numbers (e.g. Page 1 of 10), the file name, or the author's name. • Click: • Page numbers icon • Date icon • Time icon • Insert Auto Text, point to Header, and then click the item you want.
- 13. • 3 To create a footer, click Switch Between Header and Footer to move to the footer area. Then repeat step 2. • 4 When you finish, click Close.
- 14. Tip • The text or graphic you enter in a header or footer is automatically left aligned. • You may want to center the item instead or include multiple items (for example, a left- aligned date and a right-aligned page number). • Note that three tabs are already given to you. To center an item, press TAB; to right align an item, press TAB twice.
- 15. First page different • Normally the headers and footers on the first page of a document are suppressed.
- 16. To suppress the headers and footers on the first page • The simplest way is to: • 1 If your document is divided into sections, click in a section or select multiple sections you want to change.
- 17. • 2 On the View menu, click Header and Footer. • 3 On the Header and Footer toolbar, click Page Setup. • 4 Click the Layout tab. • 5 Select the Different first page check box, and then click OK.
- 19. Different headers and footers on alternating pages • Often, as in most of your textbooks, the headers and footers on facing pages are different.
- 20. To place different headers and footers on alternating pages • 1 On the View menu, click Header and Footer. • 2 On the Header and Footer toolbar, click Page Setup . • 3 Click the Layout tab. • 4 Select the Different odd and even check box, and then click OK.
- 21. • If necessary, move to the Even Page Header area or Even Page Footer box. • 6 Create the header or footer for each even-numbered page. • 7 To move to the header or footer for each odd-numbered page, click Show Next on the Header and Footer toolbar. • Then create the header or footer you want.
- 22. Page numbering • In a single document you can have more than one page numbering scheme. • For example, your Introduction could use small Roman numerals while the rest of your document uses Arabic numerals. • To do this, your document has to be divided into two sections, the Introduction and the rest.
- 23. • Then, to control how page numbers appear, put your insertion point into the section whose page numbering you want to set, then go the Insert => Page Numbers… dialog box. • If no section breaks have been inserted, the whole document is considered to be one section.
- 25. • In this dialog box you can specify whether page numbers are to be: • at the top of the page or at the bottom (specifically in the header or the footer) • positioned left, center, or right on the page
- 26. Margins • Margins refer to the space between the edges of your printed paper and the text.
- 28. How do you set your margins? • One way is through the File => Page Setup… dialog box:
- 30. • If you plan on binding/stapling a document along its left edge, use a gutter margin to add extra space to the inside margin. • If you want to print a document on both sides of the paper, you can set the margins on facing pages so that they mirror each other.
- 31. • You can also set your margins in Print Preview:
- 32. When you put your cursor over the indent icons on the ruler in Print Preview, the cursor turns into a double-headed arrow. Hold your left mouse button down and drag the indent icon left or right in order to change the margin width.
- 33. Columns • Here we mean newspaper style columns. • Text in newspaper columns (versus table columns) flows from the bottom of one column to the top of the next.
- 35. To specify the number of columns • The portion of the document that will be turned into column format is either: • a portion that has been selected, if any; or • the entire section where the insertion point is. • To set the number of columns, either: • click the columns button on the standard toolbar; or • do Format => Columns… and fill in the resulting dialog box.
- 36. • If you use Format => Columns you can also set • Whether there are vertical lines between columns • The width of the columns • The spacing between columns • These last two can also be set using the ruler, in Page Layout view.
- 37. To adjust column width and space between columns