Force
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Force is defined as an influence that causes an object to undergo a change in motion. There are two types of forces: contact forces, which require direct physical contact between objects, and action-at-a-distance forces like gravity and magnetism that do not require contact. Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Forces can change the motion of objects by accelerating or retarding them, bring objects to rest, or produce internal stresses in objects. Common forces include applied, gravitational, normal, frictional, air resistance, tension
Force
- 1. ForceForce
- 2. What is Force?What is Force? Force is the action ofForce is the action of one body on theone body on the another body.another body. oror Force may be definedForce may be defined as an action whichas an action which changes or tends tochanges or tends to change the state ofchange the state of rest or of uniformrest or of uniform motion of body.motion of body.
- 3. Newton's second law of motionNewton's second law of motion force = mass * accelerationforce = mass * acceleration = mass * length/( time )2= mass * length/( time )2 The original form of Newton's secondThe original form of Newton's second law states that the net force actinglaw states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate atupon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes withwhich its momentum changes with time.time.
- 4. Effect of a ForceEffect of a Force 1. A force can change the motion of a1. A force can change the motion of a body. If a body is at rest, the force maybody. If a body is at rest, the force may set it into the motion and if the body isset it into the motion and if the body is already in the motion, the force mayalready in the motion, the force may accelerate or retard it.accelerate or retard it. 2. It can bring the object in to rest by2. It can bring the object in to rest by retarding the motion of the object.retarding the motion of the object. 3. It can produce internal stresses in the3. It can produce internal stresses in the body, on which it acts.body, on which it acts.
- 5. Types of ForcesTypes of Forces 1. Contact Forces -1. Contact Forces - (a) Frictional Force(a) Frictional Force (b) Tension Force(b) Tension Force (c) Normal Force(c) Normal Force (d) Air Resistance Force(d) Air Resistance Force (e) Applied Force(e) Applied Force (f) Spring Force(f) Spring Force 2. Action-at-a-Distance Forces -2. Action-at-a-Distance Forces - (a) Gravitational Force(a) Gravitational Force (b) Electrical Force(b) Electrical Force (c) Magnetic Force(c) Magnetic Force
- 6. 1. Applied Force1. Applied Force A force that is appliedA force that is applied to an object by ato an object by a person or anotherperson or another object.object. If a person is pushingIf a person is pushing a desk across thea desk across the room, then there is anroom, then there is an applied force actingapplied force acting upon the object. Theupon the object. The applied force is theapplied force is the force exerted on theforce exerted on the desk by the person.desk by the person.
- 7. 2. Gravity Force2. Gravity Force The force of gravityThe force of gravity is the force withis the force with which the earth,which the earth, moon, or othermoon, or other massively largemassively large object attractsobject attracts another objectanother object towards itself.towards itself. This is the weightThis is the weight of the object.of the object.
- 8. 3. Normal Force3. Normal Force The normal force isThe normal force is the support forcethe support force exerted upon anexerted upon an object that is inobject that is in contact with anothercontact with another stable object.stable object. If a person leansIf a person leans against a wall, theagainst a wall, the wall pusheswall pushes horizontally on thehorizontally on the person.person.
- 9. 4. Friction Force4. Friction Force The friction force isThe friction force is the force exerted by athe force exerted by a surface as an objectsurface as an object moves across it ormoves across it or makes an effort tomakes an effort to move across it.move across it. There are at least twoThere are at least two types of friction force -types of friction force - slidingsliding andand staticstatic friction.friction.
- 10. 5. Air Resistance Force5. Air Resistance Force The air resistance is aThe air resistance is a special type of frictionalspecial type of frictional force that acts uponforce that acts upon objects as they travelobjects as they travel through the air.through the air. The force of air resistanceThe force of air resistance is often observed tois often observed to oppose the motion of anoppose the motion of an object.object. This force will frequentlyThis force will frequently be neglected due to itsbe neglected due to its negligible magnitudenegligible magnitude
- 11. 6. Tension Force6. Tension Force The tension force is theThe tension force is the force that is transmittedforce that is transmitted through a string, rope,through a string, rope, cable or wire when it iscable or wire when it is pulled tight by forcespulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.acting from opposite ends. The tension force isThe tension force is directed along the lengthdirected along the length of the wire and pullsof the wire and pulls equally on the objects onequally on the objects on the opposite ends of thethe opposite ends of the wire.wire.
- 12. 7. Spring Force7. Spring Force The spring force is theThe spring force is the force exerted by aforce exerted by a compressed or stretchedcompressed or stretched spring upon any objectspring upon any object that is attached to it.that is attached to it. An object that compressesAn object that compresses or stretches a spring isor stretches a spring is always acted upon by aalways acted upon by a force that restores theforce that restores the object to its rest orobject to its rest or equilibrium position.equilibrium position.
- 13. Force SystemsForce Systems A force system is a collection of forcesA force system is a collection of forces acting on a body in one or more planesacting on a body in one or more planes 1. Collinear1. Collinear 2. Concurrent2. Concurrent 3. Co-planer3. Co-planer 4. Coplanar Concurrent4. Coplanar Concurrent 5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent 6. Coplanar non-concurrent6. Coplanar non-concurrent 7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent
- 14. 1. Collinear -1. Collinear - The forces whose lines of action lie on the same line are knownThe forces whose lines of action lie on the same line are known as collinear forces.as collinear forces. 2. Concurrent -2. Concurrent - The forces, which meet at one point, are known as concurrentThe forces, which meet at one point, are known as concurrent forces. Concurrent forces may or may not be collinear.forces. Concurrent forces may or may not be collinear. 3. Co planer -3. Co planer - The forces whose line of action lie on the same plane, are knownThe forces whose line of action lie on the same plane, are known as co planer forces.as co planer forces. 4. Coplanar Concurrent Forces -4. Coplanar Concurrent Forces - The forces, which meet at one point and theirThe forces, which meet at one point and their lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar concurrent forces.lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar concurrent forces. 5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent Forces -5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent Forces - The forces, which meet at one point butThe forces, which meet at one point but their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non- concurrent forces.concurrent forces. 6. Coplanar non-concurrent -6. Coplanar non-concurrent - The forces, Which do not meet at one point butThe forces, Which do not meet at one point but their line of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-concurrenttheir line of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-concurrent forces.forces. 7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent -7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent - The forces, which do not meet at one pointThe forces, which do not meet at one point and their line of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as nonand their line of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as non -coplanar non -concurrent forces.-coplanar non -concurrent forces.
- 15. For more visitFor more visit www.studyhubz.comwww.studyhubz.com A Power Point Presentation ByA Power Point Presentation By Yogendra Singh ShekhawatYogendra Singh Shekhawat B. Tech, Mechanical EngineeringB. Tech, Mechanical Engineering