The document discusses universal design and ubiquitous technologies that can disrupt traditional understandings of education. It argues that universal tools like free and open-source technologies can shift control and enable different paths for students. These include collaborative technologies, multi-modal technologies, and lifespan technologies that support learning outside of school. The document then provides examples of free and open-source technologies across different platforms that can provide universal access and flexibility for students, including text-to-speech, speech recognition, online resources, and mobile web builders.