The document discusses half adders, full adders, and 4-bit adders. A half adder adds two input bits and produces a sum and carry output. It does not account for carry from previous bits. A full adder adds three inputs - two bits and a carry - and produces a sum and carry output. It can be used to add multi-bit binary numbers. A 4-bit adder example is given to demonstrate adding two 4-bit binary numbers using full adders.
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