Functions of production planning and control 2
- 1. Functions of production planning and control
- 3. • The main functions of PPC are the coordination of all the activities, which exist during production or manufacturing. • Materials : This function is concerned with ensuring that the Raw material, standard finished parts, finished parts of products must be available while starting the operation within the time. • Methods : This function is concerned with the analysis of all methods of manufacturing and selecting the best appropriate method according to the given set of circumstances and facilities. • Machines and Equipments: It is important that methods of manufacturing should to be related to the available production facilities coupled with a detail study of equipment replacement policy. This function is concerned with the detailed analysis of the production facilities, maintenance procedures and equipment policy. • Routing: It refers to the flow of sequence of operation and processes to be followed in producing a particular finish product. It determines manufacturing operation and their sequence.
- 4. • Estimating: This function is concerned with estimation of operations time. The operation time can be worked Out once the overall method and sequence of operation is fixed and process sheet for each operation is available. • Loading & Scheduling: It is important that machine should be loaded according to their capabilities performance the given and according to the capacity. It is concerned with preparation of machine loads and fixation of starting and completion dates for a particular operation. • Dispatching: It means the assignment of work to different machines or work places which involve authorities to start of production activities in order of their priority as determined by scheduling. • Expediting: It is also called Follow Up or Progress. Follow up which regulates the progress of materials and parts through the production process. It is closely interrelated with activities of dispatching.
- 5. • Inspection : It is an important control tool. Its assessment is important in the execution of current program and planning stage of undertaking when the limitations of the processor, method and manpower are known. It forms a basis for future investigations with respect to method, process etc. which is useful for evaluation phase. • Evaluating : This is the integral part of control function. The evaluating function is concerned with providing a feedback mechanism on the long term basis so that the past experience can be evaluated with the aim of improving utilization of method and facilities.
- 6. d • 1) Materials: • Raw materials, finished parts and bought-out component should be made available in required quantities and at required time to ensure the correct beginning and end for each operation resulting in uninterrupted production. • The function includes the specification of materials (quality and quantity) delivery dates, variety reduction (standard-izations), procurement and make (or) buy decisions.
- 7. • 2) Methods:This functions is concerned with the analysis of alternatives and selection of the best method with due consideration to constraints imposed. Developing specification and determination of sequence of operations for the processes are important aspects of production planning and control. • 3) Machine and equipment:This function is related with the detailed analysis of available production facilities, equipment down time, maintenance policy, procedure and schedule. • 4) Manpower:To maintain the availability of appropriate manpower on appropriate machines at the right time. • 5) Process planning (Routing):It is concerned with selection of path route, which the raw material should follow to get transferred into finished product. • (A) Fixation of path of travel, giving due consideration to layout. • (B) Breaking down of operations to define each operation in detail. • (C) Deciding set up time and process time for each operation.
- 8. • 6) Estimating:Once the overall method and sequence of operations are fixed and process sheet for each operation is available, then the operation times are estimated. This functions is curried out; using extensive analysis of operations along with methods a routing and a standard time for operation is established using work measurement techniques. • 7) Loading and scheduling:Scheduling is concerned with preparation of machine loads and fixation of starting and completion date for each of the operations. Machines have to be loaded according to their capability of performing the given task and their capacity. • (A) Loading the machines as per their capability and capacity. • (B) Determining the starting and completion time for each operation • (C) To coordinate with sales department regarding delivery schededules. • 8) Dispatching:This is the execution phase of planning. It is the process of setting production activities in option through release of orders and instructions. It authorizes the start of production activities by releasing materials, components, tools, fixtures and instruction sheets to the operators. • (A) To assign definite work to particular machines, work centers and men. • (B) To issue required material from stores; and also to issue jigs and fixtures and make them available at correct point of use. • (C) Release necessary work orders, time tickets, etc., to authorize timely start of operations. • (D) To record start and finish time of each h=job on each machine (or) by each man.
- 9. • 9) Expediting:This is the control tool that keeps a close observation on the progress of the work. It is a logical step after dispatching which is called follow-up (or) progress. It coordinates extensively to execute the production plan. Professing function can be divided into three parts, i.e. follow-up of materials, follow-up of work-in progress and follow-up of assembly. • (A) Identification of bottlenecks and delays and interruptions because of which the production schedule may be disrupted. • (B) To devise action plans (remedies) for rectifying the errors. • (C) To ensure that production rates are in the line with schedule. • 10) Inspection:It is a major control tool. Though the aspects of quality control are elements of a separate function, it is important to production planning and control, both for the execution of the current plans and its scope for future planning. This forms a basis for becoming aware of the limitations with respect to method, processes etc. • 11) Evaluation:This stage is crucial to the improvement of productive efficiency. A thorough analysis of all the factors influencing the production planning and control helps to identify the weak sports and the corrective actions with respect to pre-planning and planning will be effected by a feedback. The success of this step depends on the communication, data and information gathering and analysis