material handling and its classifications with principles.

VAIBHAV PATHAK
B.TECH 4 YEAR
MECHANICAL
MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS AND
THEIR CLASSIFICATION.
PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE MATERIAL
HANDLING

CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING

Material handling means providing the right amount of the right material, in the
right condition, at the right place, at the right time, in the right position and for
the right cost, by using the right method
It applies to the movement of raw materials, parts in process, finished goods,
packing materials, and disposal of scraps.
The cost of material handling contributes significantly to the total cost of
manufacturing.
A properly designed and integrated material handling system provides tremendous
cost saving opportunities and customer services improvement potential.
INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
The primary objective of a material handling system is to reduce the unit cost of
production.
The other subordinate objectives are:
1. Reduce manufacturing cycle time
2. Reduce delays, and damage
3. Promote safety and improve working conditions
4. Maintain or improve product quality

5. Promote productivity
 Material should flow in a straight line.
 Material should move as short a distance as possible.
 Use gravity.
 Move more material at one time
 Automate material handling.
6. Promote increased use of facilities
 Promote the use of building cube
 Purchase versatile equipment
 Develop a preventive maintenance program
 Maximize the equipment utilization etc.
7. Reduce tare weight
8. Control inventory.

Classification Of Material Handling Equipment

It constitute a group of equipment which are employed mainly for lifting or lowering of unit
load or piece goods in batches.
This group of equipment can be further sub classified into:
1. Pure Hoisting Machineries
•Jack
•Hand Hoists
•Pulley Blocks
2. Cranes
3. Elevators
•Lift
•Bucket Elevators
HOIST MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
It comprises of a number of equipment which are
employed for handling principally bulk load
(occasionally piece goods or unit load may also be
handled) in continuous flow. Such machines do not
have separate lifting or lowering gear. This group of
equipment also can have further sub classifications
as:
1. Belt conveyor
2. Roller conveyor
3. Skate wheel conveyor
4. Overhead trolley conveyors
5. In floor taw line.

These are the group of equipment which are
employed for handling unit load or bulk load
in batches on a horizontal surface. This group
of equipment may be further sub classified
into:
1. Truck and Lorries
2. Railway Cars and Wagons
3. Fork Lifts
4. Overhead mono-rail / Equipment
5. Scrapers and Skidders
SURFACE / OVERHEAD EQUIPMENT

A computer-controlled overhead conveyor system is provided wherein all conveyor
vehicles substantially continually communicate with a control system to be routed
through the track network.
The track is conceptually divided into zones each identified by an optically read marker;
and the vehicles include scanners for reading the markers as the vehicles traverse the
track. The marker information is communicated to the control system which controls
track switches and vehicle velocities to prevent collisions and to direct the vehicles to
desired destinations
COMPUTER CONTROLLED CONVEYORS

An automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that
follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision, magnets, or lasers for navigation
AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE
•Repetitive movement of materials over distance
•Regular delivery of stable loads
•Medium throughput/volume
•When on-time delivery is critical and late deliveries are
causing inefficiency
•Operations with at least two shifts
•Processes where tracking material is important

Types of Material Handling Equipment Loads:
It usually classified into:
1. Unit Load
2. Bulk Load
Unit Load:
Unit loads are those which are counted by numbers or units.
A component of a machine, a complete machine, a structural
element, a beam, a girder, building block are some examples
of unit load.
Sometimes certain quantities of free flowing
materials can be placed in a container and can be
handled as unit load. Hoisting equipment are
primarily used for handling unit load. Unit loads are
usually specified by it’s weight.

Bulk Load:
When the load is in the form of particles or lumps of homogeneous materials or powder
like materials, which cannot be counted by numbers, it is called as Bulk load.
Examples are:
Sand, Cement, Coal, Mineral, Stone, Clay etc.,
A bulk material may be classified by the following properties:
1. Bulk Density
2. Lump-Size
3. Flowability
4. Abrasiveness
5. Miscellaneous Characteristics

LIMITATIONS OF AUTOMATED MATERIAL
HANDLING SYSTEMS:
A good management practice is to weigh benefits against the limitations or disadvantages
before contemplating any change.
Material handling systems also have consequences that may be distinctly negative. These
are:
1. Additional investment
2. Lack of flexibility
3. Vulnerability to downtime whenever there is breakdown
4. Additional maintenance staff and cost
5. Cost of auxiliary equipment.
6. Space and other requirements.

Principles of Material Handling
Material handling principles are as follows:
 Orientation Principle: It encourages study of all available system relationships before
moving towards preliminary planning. The study includes looking at existing methods,
problems, etc.
 Planning Principle: It establishes a plan which includes basic requirements, desirable
alternates and planning for contingency.
 Systems Principle: It integrates handling and storage activities, which is cost effective
into integrated system design.
 Unit Load Principle: Handle product in a unit load as large as possible
 Space Utilization Principle: Encourage effective utilization of all the space available

 Standardization Principle: It encourages standardization of handling methods and
equipment.
 Ergonomic Principle: It recognizes human capabilities and limitation by design
effective handling equipment.
 Energy Principle: It considers consumption of energy during material handling.
 Ecology Principle: It encourages minimum impact upon the environment during
material handling.
 Flexibility Principle: Encourages of methods and equipment which are possible to
utilize in all types of condition.
 Simplification Principle: Encourage simplification of methods and process by
removing unnecessary movements

 Gravity Principle: Encourages usage of gravity principle in movement of goods.
 Safety Principle: Encourages provision for safe handling equipment according to safety
rules and regulation
 Computerization Principle: Encourages of computerization of material handling and
storage systems
 System Flow Principle: Encourages integration of data flow with physical material flow
 Layout Principle: Encourages preparation of operational sequence of all systems
available
 Cost Principle: Encourages cost benefit analysis of all solutions available
 Maintenance Principle: Encourages preparation of plan for preventive maintenance and
scheduled repairs
 Obsolescence Principle: Encourage preparation of equipment policy as to enjoy
appropriate economic advantage.

material handling and its classifications with principles.

material handling and its classifications with principles.

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