FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- 1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM By: ELMAR C. MORALDE
- 2. REVIEW STRUCTURE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • The main part of the digestive system is the alimentary canal/ digestive tract which include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
- 3. REVIEW STRUCTURE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • The alimentary canal is about 30 ft long from mouth to anus. • There are accessory organs glands which include the salivary glands, the pancreas, liver , and the gallbladder.
- 4. REVIEW STRUCTURE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM •These accessory parts secrete digestive enzymes or juices necessary for chemical digestion.
- 5. MAIN TOPIC FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The function of the digestive system is digestion, the breakdown of organic compounds into their simple forms for use by the cells. Digestion is the chief function of the digestive system. It breaks down food mechanically and chemically.
- 6. The journey of the food starts from the mouth down to the anus takes about 18-20 hours.
- 7. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION/EXCRETION
- 8. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION is the first process that happens in digestive system. It is the journey of taking in food or any substance into the body through the mouth. The journey of food starts when a bit of hamburger enters your mouth.
- 9. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION/EXCRETION
- 10. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION is the second process involved in digestive system. It is the process that involves break down of large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption of the cells. Both chemical and mechanical digestions begin immediately in the mouth.
- 11. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION While the food is in the mouth, the teeth cut, crush, and break it apart into tiny pieces while the tongue helps mix food with saliva secreted by the salivary glands forming into a moist ball called bolus so it can be easily swallowed. This process is known as mastication or chewing considered as a mechanical digestion, which is the initial stage of digestion.
- 12. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION The saliva contains salivary amylase, the enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate. Then, the bolus passes from the mouth to the esophagus - a tube that attaches the mouth to the stomach. A series of wave-like muscle contractions known as peristalsis push and transport foods and liquids in small sections to the stomach.
- 13. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION The primary function of the stomach is to store food, which turns to chyme after being acted on by the stomach acid. Chyme is a semifluid material formed from bolus that is acted upon by the gastric juices secreted by the stomach. The walls of the stomach have special cells that secrete gastric juices like hydrochloric acid and pepsin that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.
- 14. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION The liver produces bile, a green fluid that turns large fat droplets into smaller ones and stores them in the gall bladder. When necessary, bile gets into the small intestine and helps in the digestion of fat. The pancreas makes three different kinds of enzymes namely amylase, peptidase, and lipase released through a pancreatic duct that aid in the digestion of all three organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively. The production and release of enzymes and acids in the digestive system is called secretion.
- 15. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION/EXCRETION
- 16. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION ABSORPTION is the third process that happens in the digestive system. It occurs mostly in the small intestine where several digestive juices, pancreatic juice, and bile aid in the chemical digestion of food.
- 17. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION ABSORPTION The small intestine is an organ that breaks down food further into substances, such as glucose, that can be absorbed by the villi – the tiny, finger-like projections from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall. It has three parts namely the duodenum, the jejunum, and ileum.
- 18. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION ABSORPTION The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine that starts at the lower end of the stomach and extends for about 20 cm to 25 cm in length. Basically, it is in charge for the continuous breaking-down process as it partially receives the chyme from the stomach, it resumes chemical digestion of food, and prepares for absorption through the villi.
- 19. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION ABSORPTION The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine that is 2.5 cm in length. Its wall works for absorption through enterocytes or columnar cells of small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by the enzymes in the duodenum.
- 20. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION/EXCRETION
- 21. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION ASSIMILATION is the fourth process that occurs in the digestive system. It is the movement of digested food nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine through diffusion and use of nutrients into the body cells through the microvilli – microscopic cellular membrane projections that serves to expand the surface area for diffusion and also to lessen any increase in volume.
- 22. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION The ileum, which is about 3.5 meters in length, is the longest, most coiled part of the small intestine and very near the large intestine. Its main function is the assimilation (absorption) of B12 and the re-assimilation (reabsorption) of conjugated bile salts. ASSIMILATION
- 23. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION The Large intestine is divided into caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. This is where reabsorption of liquid, electrolytes and some vitamins from the undigested food takes place. It secretes mucus to aid in the formation of feces and maintains alkaline conditions. This is the last segment of the gastrointestinal tract that completes absorption and compacts waste. ASSIMILATION
- 24. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION/EXCRETION
- 25. THE LEVELS OF DIGESTION EGESTION/EXCRETION is the last process that occurs in the digestive system. It is the release of undigested food collected in the rectum called feces and pushed out of the body through the anus by defecation.