The Digestive system, its function, accessory organs
- 1. TUMMY PUZZLE
- 2. X ` Hidden in the word puzzle are terms associated to the topic. Pick fifteen (15) of these terms and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
- 4. Who among you loves eating yogurt or drinking yogurt drink?
- 5. Who does not like yogurt or yogurt drinks?
- 7. WHAT IS HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM? Digestive System is a system made up of the digestive tract and other organs that help the body break down and absorb food.
- 8. NUTRITION
- 9. In order to convert the food into nutrition it follows the processes: The intake of food through the mouth. Ingestion Digestion Absorption The process in which digested food materials are absorbed by the body cells. Assimilation The transport and use of absorbed nutrients, such as food’s conversion into new protoplasm to provide energy. The process of mechanical and chemical breakdown, in which large food molecules are broken down into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body cells. Elimination The removal of undigested material out of the digestive tract.
- 10. TWO TYPES OF DIGESTION Is the breakdown of complex molecules, such as proteins, starch, and fats, into simpler soluble molecules through hydrolytic reactions catalysed by digestive enzymes. is the mechanical digestion of breakdown of food into smaller particles. This occurs in the mouth when you chew food. PHYSICAL DIGESTION CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- 11. MAIN ORGANS AND STAGES OF DIGESTION
- 12. MOUTH • Incisors - the four front teeth, which the primary function is to cut food. • Canines – there are four canines in the oral cavity, which primary function is to tear food. Food intake starts in the mouth, which leads to the mouth cavity. The jaw bear the four types of teeth:
- 13. MOUTH • Premolars (bicuspids) - these teeth are located behind and adjacent to the canines and are designed to crush and grind food. • Molars - the most posterior teeth in the mouth are the molars. They are designed to grind food. Food intake starts in the mouth, which leads to the mouth cavity. The jaw bear the four types of teeth:
- 14. Salivary Glands Parotid glands: Located in front of your ears and in the cheeks, they are triangular and the largest of the three major glands. It produces saliva in the mouth to help keep the mouth moist and for easier chewing of food. Three types of salivary glands:
- 15. Salivary Glands Submandibular gla nds : Located under the chin and walnut shaped, they are the second largest of the three major glands. It produces saliva in the mouth to help keep the mouth moist and for easier chewing of food. Three types of salivary glands:
- 16. Salivary Glands Sublingual glands: Located under the tongue and almond shaped, they are the smallest of the three major glands. It produces saliva in the mouth to help keep the mouth moist and for easier chewing of food. Three types of salivary glands:
- 17. Tongue The tongue then rolls the food into small, slippery masses of boli (singular: bolus) which will enter the esophagus through the pharynx. It has a special sense cells, or taste buds, which help you select suitable food.
- 18. Pharynx • It is the part of the gut that leads from the mouth to the esophagus and also to the trachea (windpipe) by way of the larynx (voice box). This is a common passage for food and air.
- 19. Larynx Epiglottis a flap-like cartilage that covers the larynx when you swallow so that no food particles enter the trachea. Has a slit like opening called glottis.
- 20. Esophagus • The word esophagus comes from the greek word oisen, meaning “to carry”, and phagein, which means “to eat”. Together, these two words mean “to carry what is eaten”. After swallowing, smooth muscle force food into a narrow, muscular tube called esophagus or gullet. :
- 21. Stomach • Pepsin is the powerful enzyme in gastric juice that digests proteins such as those in meat, eggs, seeds, or dairy products. • Hydrochloric acid It helps break down proteins, allows you to absorb certain nutrients and kills off foreign invaders, like bacteria and viruses. The partially digested food now enters a J-shaped organ called stomach, which lies beneath the diaphragm and is partly covered by the liver. Gastric juices
- 22. Sphincters controls the movement of food from the stomach to small intestine. controls the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach. Lower esophageal sphincter Pyloric sphincter
- 23. Food absorption The process by which digested food materials are absorbed by cells. This process involves both the small and large intestine.
- 24. Small intestine The duodenum: This connects to the stomach. The jejunum: The middle part absorbs nutrients and water. The Ileum: This further digest what was once food, called the digestive product, then passes it to the large intestine. The small intestine is about six meters (20 feet) long when stretch. Three parts:
- 25. Digestive juices and their function Digestive juice Enzyme Function Saliva Ptyalin and mucin converts starch into simpler sugars. Gastric juice Pepsin converts proteins into smaller peptides Pancreatic juice • Pancreatic amylase • Trypsin • Lipase • converts starch into sugar • converts into simpler proteins • converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Intestinal juice • Lactase, maltase, sucrose • Peptidase • Lipase • converts complex sugar into simple sugar • converts peptides into amino acids. • converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol
- 26. Large intestine Cecum - The first part of the large intestine is a small pouch called the cecum which connects to the last part of the small intestine. Undigested food leaves the small intestine and enters the large intestine, which is shorter but much broader than the small intestine. Parts of large intestine:
- 27. Large intestine Colon - The colon is the largest part of the large intestine. It is tasked with extracting key nutrients and any remaining water from the indigestible material to form stool. Undigested food leaves the small intestine and enters the large intestine, which is shorter but much broader than the small intestine. Parts of large intestine:
- 28. Sections of colon Transverse colon: This is the second part which runs horizontally across the top of the abdomen from the right to the left, Descending colon: This is the third part which moves downward along the left side of the abdomen. Sigmoid colon: This is the final S-shaped section situated in the lower left abdomen that connects to the rectum. This is the first part of the colon that starts in the lower right abdomen and runs upward toward the diaphragm. Ascending colon:
- 29. Large intestine The anus is the external passageway through which feces exit the body. is the final straight portion of the large intestine measuring about 5 inches long. It acts as a temporary storage site for feces until it is ready to be passed (defecated). Rectum Anus
- 30. ORGANS Mouth It is adapted to receive food by ingestion, break it into small particles by mastication, and mix it with saliva. INGESTION Esophagus Muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach Pharynx The part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea Stomach Muscular organ that digests food. Liver Organ with many functions. 2 main function Gallbladder Pancreas It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells Small intestine Organ in the gastrointestinal trac where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION Large intestine It's all one, long tube that continues from the small intestine as food nears the end of its journey through your digestive system. Sac located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver.
- 31. Appendix a thin tube that is joined to the large intestine. It sits in the lower right part of your belly Rectum Chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine, immediately following the sigmoid colon, and ends at the anus Anus The opening of the rectum through which stool passes out of your body. EXCRETION
- 32. WHY DIGESTION IS IMPORTANT? For breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair.
- 33. Common Diseases of the Digestive system Diarrhea Constipation Peptic ulcer Appendicitis Gallstones Hepatitis
- 34. Diarrhea • It is usually caused by food poisoning from eating food contaminated with harmful bacteria. • Proper hand washing can prevent most harmful microorganisms from entering the body. It occurs when the lining of the large intestine cannot maintain the usual level of water absorption.
- 35. Constipation • This happens when the colon reabsorbs too much water, making the stool hard and compacted. • It can be relieve by drinking at least eight glasses of water a day, and lifestyle change. It occurs when stool moves to slowly in the colon.
- 36. Hepatitis It can be preventable through vaccination. Is the inflammation of the liver caused by excessive consumption of alcohol or by a viral infection.
- 37. Gallstones The pain can be reduced by adopting low—fat diet or surgical removal of gallstones. Are crystal formed when there is too much cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium in the gallbladder.
- 38. Appendicitis Surgical removal is the best option to teat appendicitis. is the inflammation of the appendix, which is caused by an obstruction, such as hard feces, or parasitic infection.
- 39. Peptic ulcer • These are treated with medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery. • Helicobacter pylori - Are the cause of almost all the stomach ulcer. - These are treated with antibiotics and stomach acid suppressants to eliminate helicobacter pylori. Are open sores found in the esophagus (Esophageal ulcer), stomach (gastric ulcer).
- 40. FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS! What is the main function of digestion? Question 1 What is the first stage of digestion? Question 2 Question 3 What is the other term for esophagus? Question 4 Breaks down and absorbs nutrients from the food and liquids you consume INGESTION FOOD PIPE OR GULLET How long does food particles stay in the stomach? 4 HOURS
- 41. ACTIVITY 6
- 42. Directions: Identify the different digestive organs based on the functions that will be provided. 1. This is where the food is mechanically broken down by chewing chewed pulp and the tongue helps in pushing the bits and broken into small pieces for easier digestion. In here, the saliva softens the food to of food into the pharynx. 2. It is where the waste or remaining food materials that become more solid known as feces will be temporarily stored and eliminated. 3. It is a tube that connects the mouth and stomach. It carries the food down to your stomach for temporary storage and further digestion.
- 43. Directions: Identify the different digestive organs based on the functions that will be provided. 4. Here, the food is mixed with intestinal juices which contain enzymes that help in digestion. It is where the final digestion and absorption of nutrients happen. 5. J-shaped organ found at the end of the esophagus on the upper left side of the abdomen or abdominal cavity that produces gastric juices and acids. It also absorbs some fat-soluble substances.
- 44. Quiz Time!
- 45. Answer the following questions: Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer 1. The following organs are part of the human digestive system. EXCEPT: A. Mouth C. small intestine B. Esophagus D. gastrovascular cavity 2. In which part of the digestive system does the breaking of food into tinier pieces occur? A. Mouth C. small intestine B. Stomach D. large intestine 3. What is the main work of the digestive system? A. Fight disease C. break down food B. Regenerates cells D. distribute energy throughout the body E. All of the Above 4. Which of the following parts of the digestive system removes solid wastes such as feces from the body? A. Large intestine C. mouth B. Esophagus D. small intestine 5. Where does absorption of nutrients mostly occur? A. Stomach C. large intestine B. Small intestine D. all of the above
- 46. Assignment 1. Different diseases related in digestive system 2. How can you practice and promote having a healthy digestive system?
- 47. THAT’S ALL FOR TODAY THANK YOU!