Fundamentals of Git
- 1. Fundamentals of Git By Chris McKnight March 26th, 2015
- 2. Overview • History of Git • Project setup • Staging Changes and Committing • Branching, Merging, and Rebasing • Working with remotes
- 3. History of Git • Linux kernel developers started using BitKeeper1 • BitKeeper license revoked • Linus Torvalds created Git in 2005 1http://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git
- 4. What is Git? • Distributed revision control system • Goals • Efficiency • Speed • Non-linear workflows
- 5. Configure Git • Install Git1 • Configure user settings • git config --global user.name “John Doe” • git config --global user.email “jdoe@example.com” • Configure line ending conversions (OS dependent)2 1https://help.github.com/articles/set-up-git 2https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings
- 6. Project Setup • New Project • init • Create a .gitignore file • Create a .gitattributes file (optional) • stage changes • commit • Existing project (not on computer) • clone from a remote
- 7. Staging Changes & Committing • Staging changes • git add <path> • git rm <path> • git commit • Unstage changes • git reset • Can also move the file pointer of the current branch or discard all changes using git reset
- 8. Branching • Default branch is called master • Lightweight pointer to a commit • Useful for work in progress, features, and bug fixes
- 9. Merging • Integrates changes from one branch to another • Example: merging a feature branch into master for deployment
- 10. Rebasing • Another method of integrating changes of a branch into another branch • Rewrites history • Moves to common ancestor of the two rebased branches • Figures out diffs • Moves commits from the current branch into a temporary area • Resets the current branch to the branch you are rebasing from • Applies commits from the temporary area onto the current branch • Usage • Updating a feature branch with bugfix changes • Cleaning up a local feature branch before pushing to a remote
- 11. Remotes • Typically the main remote is named origin • origin is not a special remote • can have multiple remotes • Another Git repository used for collaboration • Changes are pushed and pulled
- 12. A basic workflow • Create a new project • Stage files and commit • Create a remote and push • Iterative development by using branches, merging and pushing changes
- 13. GUI Tools • Sourcetree GUI (http://www.sourcetreeapp.com/) • GitHub app • https://windows.github.com • https://mac.github.com • Others available at http://git-scm.com/download/ gui/linux
- 14. Diff & Merge Tools • Kaleidoscope for Mac (http:// www.kaleidoscopeapp.com) • WinMerge for Windows (http://winmerge.org) • Meld for Windows (http://meldmerge.org) • Araxis Merge (http://www.araxis.com/merge)
- 15. Resources • Pro Git Book (http://git-scm.com/book/en/v2) • GitHub (https://help.github.com) • Try Git (https://www.codeschool.com/courses/ try-git) • Git Real (https://www.codeschool.com/courses/ git-real and https://www.codeschool.com/ courses/git-real-2)