Git and github fundamentals

What is Git?
● Git is an Open Source Distributed
Version Control System (VCS).
● Git was developed by Linus Torvalds in 2005.
● The same person who has developed
Linux Operating System.

What is Version Control System (VCS)
● Version control is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so
that you can recall specific versions later.
● For an Example: You have created an App which is on 1.0 version. Suppose you
want to add a feature and so the App is upgraded to 1.1 version.
● But after few days the app is crashing because of the feature. So now you want to
rollback to 1.0 version.
● So here VCS comes into picture. You can track all the changes to file made from
particular checkpoint (commit).

What is Github?
● GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and
collaboration. It lets you and others work together on projects from
anywhere.
● Other Alternatives are: Gitlab, Bit-Bucket

Git Commands
● git --version
● git init
● git add
● git commit
● git status
● git diff
● git log
● git clone
● git remote
● git push
● git pull
● git branch
● git checkout
● git merge

git --version
● git --version - Returns the version of the git
installed on the machine.

git init
● git init - Creates an empty Git repository or
reinitialize the existing one.

git add
● git add [filename] - Add file contents to staging
area
● git add . - Add all the changed files to staging
area.
○ Staging Area - Git knows what files are changed,
but doesn’t know why changed.

git commit
● git commit -m “commit message” - Create a
new commit containing the current contents of the
index and the given log message describing the
changes.

git status
● git status - Show the working tree status.
○ Gives the list of files changed

git diff
● git diff - Show changes between commits,
commit and working tree, etc
○ git diff [filename] - Shows the content
changed in file after last commit.

git log
● git log - Shows the commit logs.

git clone
● git clone - Clone a repository into a new
directory.

git remote
● git remote - Adds a remote named <name> for
the repository at <url>
○ git remote add origin [url]

git push
● git push - Update remote refs along with
associated objects.
○ git push origin master - update local branch
with remote branch.

git pull
● git pull - Fetch from and integrate with another
repository or a local branch.
○ git pull origin master - Fetch from master
branch of remote repository and integrate with
local branch.

git branch
● git branch - List all the branches
○ git branch [branch-name] - Creates a branch
with name as [branch-name]

git checkout
● git checkout - Switch branches or restore
working tree files.
○ git checkout [branch-name] - Checkout to
[branch-name]
○ Git checkout -b [branch-name] - Creates an
checkout to [branch-name]

git merge
● git merge - Join two or more development
histories together
○ git merge [branch-name] - Merge a [branch-
name] with current branch.

Merge conflicts
● When two or more people are working on the same file in a repo and are
making changes to it, there are chances that a merge conflict will occur.
● These conflicts needs to be solved manually by deciding which code to keep
and which code to discard.
Hello_world.txt
User 1 User 2

How collaboration works at software companies?
● Suppose, the code for an application is hosted on a platform like GitHub.
● The repository will have 2 branches: Master and Develop
● Master: This contains the code of application that is currently in production.
● Develop: This branch has the latest stable code for the application.
● Now let’s see how an employee works when he/she has to add a new feature
to the application.

Scenario
● Assume that you are an employee working on Instagram Android App.
● And you are asked to work on a feature that allows users to like anyone’s
story.

master develop
master develop
Story-like-feature

Pull Request
● A pull request is opened to propose some new changes or features.
● Once a pull request is opened, someone reviews it and suggests some
changes if needed.
● After few iterations, if everything is good to go then the proposed feature is
merged into master branch.

Practical Demonstration
Visarg
Opening a Pull Request
Raj
Reviewing a Pull Request

Repository Link: https://github.com/DSC-
RNGPIT/git-github-demo

Git and github fundamentals

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