Fungi characteristic features
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Fungi have a thallus body structure made of thread-like hyphae that can grow into a mycelium network. They are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients through parasitism, saprophytism, or symbiosis. Parasitic fungi derive nutrients from living hosts, saprophytic fungi get nutrients from dead organic matter, and symbiotic fungi have mutualistic relationships with algae or plants. Fungi play important roles in nutrient recycling, plant symbiosis through mycorrhizal relationships, and as food sources for humans in the form of edible mushrooms.
Fungi characteristic features
- 1. Characteristics of fungi Presented By Dr. E. Gayathiri Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Guru Nanak College Chennai
- 2. Learning objectives Discovery of Fungi •Structure of Thallus •Mycelium form of Fungi •Nutrition of Fungi
- 3. Discovery of Fungi • The knowledge of fungi -prehistoric times Clausius (1601) describe fungi. Bauhin (1623) described fungal forms in his book Pinax Theatric Botanica The fast systematic account of fungi came from Pier Antonio Micheli (1729)
- 4. • Father of Systematic Mycology : E.M. Fries (1794–1878).He wrote 'Systema Mycologicum' in three volume. • Father of Modern Mycology and Plant Pathology : H.A. de Bary. • Father of Indian Mycology and Plant Pathology: • E.J. Butler. Discovery of Fungi
- 5. General Characters • Fungi are the Eukaryotic organisms (mushrooms, yeasts and molds). • Some fungi are edible, while others are poisonous. • 3-4 million species of fungi (150,000 have been classified and studied). • Study of fungi is called as mycology • Mycologists are biologists who study fungi Source: fungus | Definition, Characteristics ... britannica.com, Billion-year-old fossils set back ... nature.com, Fungi: The good, the bad and the ugly ... mysoutex.com
- 6. Thallus Structure • Fungi like plants are mostly sessile and rooted in place. • They possess a stem-like structure similar to plants • They posses root-like fungal mycelium in the soil. time lapse growing mushrooms Fungi ... rebloggy.com, Fly Agaric Fungus Mushroom GIF ...favpng.com
- 7. Thallus Structure • The plant body of true fungi is a thallus. • It may be non-mycelial or mycelial. • The non-mycelial forms are unicellular. (form pseudomycelium by budding). • In mycelial forms, the plant body is made up of thread like structures called hyphae (sing. hypha). • Hyphae are very thin threads that can grow and form a mycelium network. • Fungi are able to absorb nutrients with hyphae Source:BioNinja
- 8. Mycelium wall • The mycelium may be septate or aseptate (non-septate) • Coenocytic (non-septate) • In lower fungi the mycelium is non-septate e.g., Phycomycetae. • In higher forms it is septate e.g., Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina. • In some forms the plant body is dimorphic. Source:Quora
- 9. Mycelium Forms of Fungi • Plectenchyma: Mycelium are into loosely or compactly woven structure It is of two types • (i) Prosenchyma: loosely woven hyphae lying almost parallel to each other. • (ii) Pseudoparenchyma: If the hyphae are closely interwoven, looking like parenchyma in a cross-section.
- 10. Specialized Formation • (a) Rhizomorphs: It’s a 'root-like' elongated structure of closely packed and interwoven hyphae. • (b) Sclerotia: External hyphae becoming thickened to save the inner ones. • (c) Stroma: It is thick mattress of compact hyphae associated with the fruiting bodies.
- 11. CELL COMPOSITION • The cell wall of fungi is mainly made up of chitin and cellulose. Cellulose-glucan (Oomycetes) Chitin chitosan (Zygomycetes) Mannan-glucan (Ascomycotina) Chitin-mannan (Basidiomycotina) • Main storage molecule is glycogen. • Fungi help to recycle the nutrients of dead organic matter
- 12. Nutrition • The fungi are achlorophyllous organisms • They live as heterotrophs as parasites and saprophytes. • Some forms live symbiotically with other green forms.
- 13. Parasites • They obtain their food from a living host. • A parasite may be obligate or facultative. • The obligate parasites thrive on a living host. • The facultative parasites are in fact saprophytes which have secondarily become parasitic. • Nutrition in FungiFungi are hourlybook.combattle against coffee rust disease news.umich.edu
- 14. Saprophytes • Saprophytic food derive their food from dead and decaying organic matter. • The saprophytes may be obligate or facultative. • An obligate saprophyte remains saprophytic throughout its life. • A facultative saprophyte is a parasite which has secondarily become saprophytic. Mushroom Saprophytic fungi - a photo on ...flickriver.comsaprophytic fungus 1 by Ons87 on DeviantArtdeviantart.com
- 15. Symbionts • Some fungal forms grow in symbiotic association with the green or blue-green algae and constitute the lichen. • The algal component is photosynthetic and the fungal is reproductive. • Fungal forms grow in association with the roots of higher plants(mycorrhiza) • They are two types – Ectotrophic mycorrhiza and Endotrophic mycorrhiza e.g., (VAM). How do mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants ... quora.comFungi Symbiosis ( Read ) | Biology | CK ...ck12.orgFungi Symbiosis | CK-12 Foundation ck12.org
- 16. Feet Fungus Cartoon Images, Stock shutterstock.comsmiling honey fungus mushroom Vector Image vectorstock.com T H A N K Y O U