G9-Robotics-Lessons. pptx..............o

Robots and Their
Applications
Module 1 (Lesson 1)

TechFactors Copyright 2020
Robots and Their Applications
Today, some of the most boring and repetitive jobs
in manufacturing are done by robots. The military
and police use robots for dangerous jobs, such as
manipulating explosive devices. Robots are used in
inaccessible places, such as exploring our solar
system or the bottom of the sea. Robots also
appear in entertainment, research, medicine, and
education. Mankind is only beginning to see the
use and value of robotics.

Lesson 1: Robots and Their Applications
Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students
should be able to:
 Define robots and robotics.
 Identify different robotics applications.

Explore
Each group is composed of (6) six members .
One will be assigned as a leader to give a
command to the members. And the
remaining members will serve as the body
parts

1. the right arm
2. left arm
3. body,
4. left leg
5. right leg

Guide questions:
1.What is the help or purpose of the leader in the team?
2.2. If in case there is no command given, do you think the movement will be
organized?
3. For the five body parts, how do you see yourself if you are not working with the
command of the leader?
4. From our activity, what can be the relationship of robots and human?
5. Where do you think this idea of creation came from?

 A Robot is also called a droid. It is a machine—especially one
programmable by a computer—capable of carrying out a
complex series of actions automatically.
 Robots can be guided by an external control device or the
control may be embedded within.
 Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most
robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard
to how they look.
 Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous.

According to history, many sources show the
popularity of automatons (a moving
mechanical device made in imitation of a
human being or robot) in ancient and
Medieval times. Ancient Greeks and Romans
developed simple automatons for use as
tools, toys, and as part of religious
ceremonies. As the modern robots in
industry occur, the Greek God
Hephaestus was supposed to have built
automatons to work for him in a workshop.
Unfortunately, none of the early automatons
still exist.

Activity 2:
Now that we have defined what robots are, let us now try to find out
the characteristics of a robot. Let us do another activity. You will just
close your eyes and follow my instructions.
 As you close your eyes do you feel something?
 Now, stand up and then sit down.
 Lift anything that is on your armchair or pocket
 Do you understand me?

Characteristics of Robotics
1. SENSING – to be able to sense its surroundings
2. MOVEMENT – to be able to move around its environment
3. ENERGY – to be able to have power
4. INTELLIGENCE – a robot needs some kind of “smarts”

Robotics Applications
 Robots obtain information from its environment.
 Robots exhibit a degree of intelligence
 Robots manipulate objects

There are two classifications of robots based on where they are
used and the tasks they perform.

1. Industrial Robots: They help simplify production tasks.
a. Logistics, such as for storage and delivery.
b. Manufacturing, such as for welding and packaging.

2. Service Robots: They assist humans in their tasks.
a. Medical, such as those used in surgery
b. Home, such as those that help do chores like vacuum cleaners
c. Educational, such as those used to teach programming
d. Defense, such as those used by the military like observation
drones

Arduino Uno
Microcontroller
Module 1 (Lesson 2)

Lesson 2: Arduino Uno Microcontroller
Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
 Identify the different parts of an Arduino microcontroller.
 Describe the functions of each part of an Arduino microcontroller.

Explain
Microcontroller

A MICROCONTROLLER (or MCU, short for microcontroller unit)
is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit
containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals. It serves as the brain of our robot.
Compared to our nervous system, this unit sends the
information programmed so different robotic parts can
function.

Parts of the Microcontroller
1. Power IN (Barrel Jack) – It can be used with either a 9V or 12V
supply.
2. Power IN (USB Port) – It provides power and communicates with
the board when plugged into a computer via USB.
3. LED (RX: Receiving) – It blinks when receiving data.
4. LED (TX: Transmitting) – It blinks when transmitting data.
5. LED (Troubleshooting) – It blinks when the program is running
properly.

6. Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground) – It can be used for input, output, power, and
ground.
Pin 0 – 13
Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins Pin ~ 3, ~5, ~6, ~9, ~10 and ~11
7. LED (ON/OFF) – It indicates if there is a power.
8. Reset Button – It manually resets the Arduino that makes your code restart.
9. Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset) – They can be used for
input, output, power, and ground.
Pin A0 – A5
Power Pin
• Reset
• +3.3 V
• 5V
• Ground

ARDUINO is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics
in multidisciplinary projects more accessible.
Hardware Specification
The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware board
designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel
ARM.

These are the specifications of the Arduino MCU that is included in the
kit.
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (Recommended): 7 - 12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6 - 20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328) SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
ƒ
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Power IN (Barrel Jack) – from the name power in, the wire
that will be connected to this part should be coming from
the? (source)
It can be used with either a 9V or 12V supply. This is use if
the MCU will stand alone and not connected with a
computer. what if it is connected on a more than 12V
source? (the MCU will be burn)

Power IN (USB Port) – if Power in (barrel jack) is for the
source where it can stand alone, what is the use of Power In
(USB port)? If it is connected to the computer. Provides
power and communicates with the board when plugged
into a computer via USB. Connected to type B USB Cable. If
there is no Power IN (USB Port) data will not be transmitted
to the computer.

LED (RX: Receiving) – This LED is for receiving, what is received? (data) It blinks when
receiving a data. It receives data from the computer where we put the data.

LED (TX: Transmitting) –what is transmitted? (data also going to computer.)

LED (Troubleshooting) -It blinks when the program is running properly.

Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground) - It can be used for input, output, power and ground.
Pin 0 – 13
Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins
Pin ~ 3, ~5, ~6, ~9, ~10 and ~11

LED (ON/OFF) - It indicates if there is a power.

Reset Button - It manually reset the Arduino that make your code to
restart.

Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset) - It can be used
for input, output, power and ground.
1.Pin A0 – A5
2. Power Pin
3. Reset
4. +3.3 V
5. 5V
6. Ground
7. VIN (Voltage/Power IN)

Elaborate
Microcontroller Uses

Lots of devices make use of microcontrollers. Some examples:
1. Burglar alarms incorporate a microcontroller chip, which is connected to the
keypad, display and sensor/contact inputs.

2. Older automatic washing machines used a cam switch for sequencing the
operations during a wash cycle. This was quite a complex switch and was
mounted on the end of the shaft of tshe knob you used to select a wash
program. Newer machines use a microcontroller to sequence operations. Other
appliances such as microwave ovens and dishwashers may incorporate a
microcontroller

3. TVs use microcontrollers to handle the selection of channels and
reading the state of buttons on the TV
4. Microcontrollers are used for engine control and display of
information on the dashboard (fascia) of vehicles
5. Digital cameras use microcontrollers to handle input from
buttons, control of image capture and display.

G9-Robotics-Lessons. pptx..............o

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