RoboTek Arduino Level 1.pptx

Robots and Their
Applications
Module 1 (Lesson 1)

TechFactors Copyright 2020
Robots and Their Applications
Today, some of the most boring and
repetitive jobs in manufacturing are
done by robots. The military and police
use robots for dangerous jobs, such as
manipulating explosive devices. Robots
are used in inaccessible places, such as
exploring our solar system or the bottom
of the sea. Robots also appear in
entertainment, research, medicine, and
education. Mankind is only beginning to
see the use and value of robotics.

Lesson 1: Robots and Their Applications
Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students should
students should be able to:
 Define robots and robotics.
 Identify different robotics applications.

Hangman
Resources: whiteboard and pen or interactive
whiteboard, plus a list of subject-specific words to
inspire your students.
____ ____ B ____
____

Answer:
ROBOT

M ___ C ___ ___ ___
___

Explor
e
Each group is composed of (6) six
members . One will be assigned as
a leader to give a command to the
members. And the remaining members
will serve as the body parts
1. the right arm
2. left arm
3. body,
4. left leg
5. right leg

Commands:
 Let the right arm touch the left leg.
 All the left parts will touch the body.
 Bend the right leg.
 Bend the left leg.

Guide questions:
1.What is the help or purpose of the leader in the team?
1.2. If in case there is no command given, do you think the movement will be
organized?
3. For the five body parts, how do you see yourself if you are not working with the
command of the leader?
4. From our activity, what can be the relationship of robots and human?
5. Where do you think this idea of creation came from?

 A Robot is also called a droid. It is a machine—especially one
programmable by a computer—capable of carrying out a
complex series of actions automatically.
 Robots can be guided by an external control device or the
control may be embedded within.
 Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most
robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard
to how they look.
 Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous.

According to history, many sources show the
popularity of automatons (a moving mechanical
device made in imitation of a human being or
robot) in ancient and Medieval times. Ancient
Greeks and Romans developed simple
automatons for use as tools, toys, and as part of
religious ceremonies. As the modern robots in
industry occur, the Greek God Hephaestus was
supposed to have built automatons to work for
him in a workshop. Unfortunately, none of the
early automatons still exist.
He is the Greek God Hephaestus.

Activity 2:
Now that we have defined what robots are, let us now try to find out the
characteristics of a robot. Let us do another activity. You will just close
your eyes and follow my instructions.
 As you close your eyes do you feel something?
 Now, stand up and then sit down.
 Lift anything that is on your armchair or pocket
 Do you understand me?

Characteristics of Robotics
1. SENSING – to be able to sense its surroundings
2. MOVEMENT – to be able to move around its environment
3. ENERGY – to be able to have power
4. INTELLIGENCE – a robot needs some kind of “smarts”

Robotics Applications
 Robots obtain information from its environment.
 Robots exhibit a degree of intelligence
 Robots manipulate objects

There are two classifications of robots based on where they are used
and the tasks they perform.
1. Industrial Robots: They help simplify production tasks.
a. Logistics, such as for storage and delivery.
b. Manufacturing, such as for welding and packaging.
2. Service Robots: They assist humans in their tasks.
a. Medical, such as those used in surgery
b. Home, such as those that help do chores like vacuum cleaners
c. Educational, such as those used to teach programming
d. Defense, such as those used by the military like observation
drones

Elaborate
Directions:
Identify if the given pictures is
industrial robots or service robots.
Explain your answer.

Answer the following questions
1. What is a robot? ______________________________________________________
2. Cite examples where robots can be useful in the following tasks:
rest and recreation _______________________________________________
manufacturing ___________________________________________________
customer service ________________________________________________
3. How do humans and robots work together? _______________________________
II. Group task
Form a group with six members. In three minutes, show a tableau that presents the
different characteristics of a robot. You will be evaluated using these criteria:
• Content – 50%
• Creativity – 30%
• Group participation -20%
Evaluate

Additional Assessment
Create an illustration of a robot that would be used for our daily lives.
Give a brief explanation on how the robot you have illustrated works and
how it would help us on our daily tasks. You would be evaluated using
these criteria:
 Content – 50%
 Creativity – 30%
 Uniqueness -20%

Example:
Place your Explanation
here

True or False: Write T if the Statement is True and F if it is False
__________1. Robots obtain information from its environment
__________2. Movement is be able to sense its surroundings
__________3. Industrial Robots help simplify production tasks.
__________4. Service Robots help don’t assist humans in their tasks.
__________5. ENERGY does not able to produce power.

Arduino Uno
Microcontroller
Module 1 (Lesson 2)

Lesson 2: Arduino Uno Microcontroller
In this lesson we will learn about the different components
on the Arduino board. We will study the Arduino UNO
board because it is the most popular board in the Arduino board
family. In addition, it is the best board to get started with
electronics and coding. Some boards look a bit different from the
one given below, but most Arduinos have majority of these
components in common.

Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
 Identify the different parts of an Arduino microcontroller.
 Describe the functions of each part of an Arduino microcontroller.

PUZZL
E
Separate your class into groups (or simply use table groupings)
then hand out a puzzle for each group to piece together.
The first group to complete the task will declare as winner

ANSWER:

Explore

Explain
Microcontroller
A MICROCONTROLLER (or MCU, short for
microcontroller unit) is a small computer
(SoC) on a single integrated circuit
containing a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals. It
serves as the brain of our robot. Compared to
our nervous system, this unit sends the
information programmed so different robotic

Parts of the Microcontroller
1. Power IN (Barrel Jack) – It can be used with either a 9V or 12V
supply.
2. Power IN (USB Port) – It provides power and communicates
with the board when plugged into a computer via USB.
3. LED (RX: Receiving) – It blinks when receiving data.
4. LED (TX: Transmitting) – It blinks when transmitting data.
5. LED (Troubleshooting) – It blinks when the program is running
properly.

6. Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground) – It can be used for input, output, power, and ground.
Pin 0 – 13
Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins Pin ~ 3, ~5, ~6, ~9, ~10 and ~11
7. LED (ON/OFF) – It indicates if there is a power.
8. Reset Button – It manually resets the Arduino that makes your code restart.
9. Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset) – They can be used for input,
output, power, and ground.
Pin A0 – A5
Power Pin
• Reset
• +3.3 V
• 5V
• Ground

ARDUINO is a single-board microcontroller to make using
electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible.
Hardware Specification
The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware
board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR
microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM.

These are the specifications of the Arduino MCU that is included in the kit.
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (Recommended): 7 - 12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6 - 20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328) ƒ
SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Power IN (Barrel Jack) – from the name power in, the wire that
will be connected to this part should be coming from the?
(source)
It can be used with either a 9V or 12V supply. This is use if the
MCU will stand alone and not connected with a computer. what
if it is connected on a more than 12V source? (the MCU will be
burn)

Power IN (USB Port) – if Power in (barrel jack) is for
the source where it can stand alone, what is the use of
Power In (USB port)? If it is connected to the computer.
Provides power and communicates with the board when
plugged into a computer via USB. Connected to type B
USB Cable. If there is no Power IN (USB Port) data will
not be transmitted to the computer.

LED (RX: Receiving) – This LED is for receiving, what is received? (data) It
blinks when receiving a data. It receives data from the computer where we put
the data.
LED (TX: Transmitting) –what is transmitted? (data also going to computer.)
LED (Troubleshooting) -It blinks when the program is running properly.
Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground) - It can be used for input, output, power
and ground.
Pin 0 – 13
Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins
Pin ~ 3, ~5, ~6, ~9, ~10 and ~11

LED (ON/OFF) - It indicates if there is a power.
Reset Button - It manually reset the Arduino that make your code to restart.
Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset) - It can be used for
input, output, power and ground.
1.Pin A0 – A5
2. Power Pin
3. Reset
4. +3.3 V
5. 5V
6. Ground
7. VIN (Voltage/Power IN)

Elaborate
Microcontroller Uses
Lots of devices make use of microcontrollers. Some
examples:
1. Burglar alarms incorporate a microcontroller chip,
which is connected to the keypad, display and
sensor/contact inputs.
2. Older automatic washing machines used a cam switch
for sequencing the operations during a wash cycle. This
was quite a complex switch and was mounted on the end
of the shaft of the knob you used to select a wash
program. Newer machines use a microcontroller to
sequence operations. Other appliances such as microwave

3. TVs use microcontrollers to handle the selection of channels
and reading the state of buttons on the TV
4. Microcontrollers are used for engine control and display of
information on the dashboard (fascia) of vehicles
5. Digital cameras use microcontrollers to handle input from
buttons, control of image capture and display.

Evaluate

Practical Activity (Group)
Oral recitation:
Depending on the number of participants divide the class into
either 8 separate groups and tell the students that you are going
to give each group the parts of the MCU and the other group will
explain the function of each part.

Additional Assessment (Group)
Pictionary:
The class would be divided into 2 groups. The 2 groups would
choose one representative each round to draw the parts of the
Arduino Uno Microcontroller and other members would guess
using the picture. There would be 5 rounds in total

Hot potato:
The class would be passing a long a small/soft item and will
sing a song. Whoever has the item will provide a part of the
microcontroller and provide its function.

Write True if the underlined word is correct. If False write the correct answer.
________1. Power IN (Barrel Jack) – It can be used with either a 10V or 25V
supply.
________2. A MICROCONTROLLER is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals.
________3. LED (TX: Transmitting) -It blinks when the program is running
properly.
________4. LED (ON/OFF) – It indicates if there is a power.
________5. Digital cameras use microcontrollers to handle input from buttons,
control of image capture and display.

Arduino IDE (Sketch)
Module 1 (Lesson 3)

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or
Arduino Software (IDE) is important to learn and analyze
because it contains a text editor for writing code, a
message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions and a series of menus. It connects to
the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs
and communicate with them.
Lesson 3: Arduino IDE (Sketch)

Target Outcomes:
 Identify the parts of the Arduino IDE.
 Name the different icons under the sketch menu.

Engage
Draw swords
Resources: Dictionary or textbook, plus list of key vocabulary.
Game: Split your class into small groups and choose a student from
each group to start. The nominated student then places the dictionary
or textbook under their arm. You then say a word or image, which the
students must then race to find in their book (like drawing a sword from
under their arm!). The first student to find the word/image is the winner.
The game continues with different words/images until every student
has had a turn.

FILE

UPLOAD

SKETCH

Explore

Base on the given definition below try to guess the parts of Arduino
Integrated Development Environment
Verify: Compiles and checks your code. It will catch errors in syntax
(like missing semi-colons or parenthesis).
Upload: Sends your code to the Arduino board. When you click it, you
should see the lights on your board blink rapidly.
New: This buttons opens up a new code window tab.

Open: This button will let you open up an existing sketch.
Save: This saves the currently active sketch.
Serial Monitor: This will open a window that displays any serial
information your Arduino board is transmitting. It is very useful for
debugging
.
Sketch Name: This shows the name of the sketch you are currently
working on.
Code Area: This is the area where you write the code for your sketch.

Message Area: This is where the IDE tells you if there were any
errors in your code.
Text Console: The text console shows complete error
messages. When debugging, the text console is very useful.
Board and Serial Port: Shows you what board and the serial
port selections

Explai
n

Elaborat
e

1.The check mark appearing in the circular button is used
to _______ the code. Click this once you have written your
code.
2.The arrow key will ______and transfer the required code to
the Arduino board.
3.The ______ is used for creating a new file.
4.The _______ arrow is reserved for opening an
existing Arduino project.
5.The ________ arrow is used to save the current running
code.
6.The button appearing on the top right corner is a ________–
A separate pop-up window that acts as an independent terminal
and plays a vital role for sending and receiving the Serial Data.

Evaluate

II. Identify what is being described. Write your answer on the
space provided.
__________ 1. Saves a .hex file that may be kept as archive or sent
to the board using other tools.
__________ 2. Opens the current sketch folder.
__________ 3. Adds a library to your sketch by inserting #include
statements at the start of your code.
__________ 4. Adds a source file to the sketch (it will be copied
from its current location).

__________ 5. Checks your sketch for errors while compiling it; it will
report memory usage for code and variables in the console area.
__________ 6. Compiles and loads the binary file onto the configured
board through the configured Port.
__________ 7. This will overwrite the boot loader on the board; you
will need to use Tools > Burn Boot loader to restore it and be able to
Upload to USB serial port again.

2 Rights and a Wrong
Students would be grouped into 3. Each group would choose
a representative to be their buzzer sounds. The teacher would
provide 2 rights and a wrong about Arduino IDE. Once the teacher
says "Go!" groups would sound their buzzers. The first buzzer the
teacher hears would answer and identify the one wrong. It would
last 3 rounds

Navigating
Arduino IDE
Module 1 (Lesson 4)

Lesson 4: Navigating Arduino IDE
In this lesson the student will learn open source projects like
Arduino, lower the barrier of entry for developers that are
looking to experiment with interactive objects. This will create
an opportunity for a new wave of energy and startups in
creating the Internet of things. These innovators will be able to
rapidly prototype and experiment with interactive
devices by using the Arduino platform simply by learning to
set up microcontrollers and port setting.

Target Outcomes:
 Sketch code and
 Set-up the microcontroller board and the port settings.

Engage
Group the students into two and let them answer
the given test. The first group to submit with the
correct answers will declare as the winner.

1.This is used to open new text editor window to write
your code.
2.It will quit the whole software all at once
3.It will allow you to save the recent program in your
desired folder
4.Used for copying and pasting the code with further
modification for font
5. For compiling and programming
6.Mainly used for testing projects. The Programmer
section in this panel is used for burning a bootloader to
the new microcontroller.
7.In case you are feeling skeptical about software,
complete help is available from getting started to
troubleshooting.
8-10. three sections of The IDE environment
Menu Bar New
Edit Sketc
h
Text Editor Open
Tools Help
Output
Pane
Save as

Explor
e
Watch a short video clip.
https://youtu.be/dqDj7Q4WB5o

Explai
n

Elaborat
e
The Arduino is a powerful prototyping
tool for many reasons, including its lack
of a dedicated programmer, its wide range
of available libraries, and
the simplicity of its IDE. While we only
got a light to blink in this project, you
can expect much more in the future. Try
your hand at interfacing with
displays, taking measurements, talking
over the Internet, and possibly even
working with AI!

 Arduino IDE is an open source software that is mainly used for
writing and compiling the code into the Arduino Module.
 It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too
easy that even a common person with no prior technical
knowledge can get their feet wet with the learning process.
 It is easily available for operating systems like MAC, Windows,
Linux and runs on the Java Platform that comes with inbuilt
functions and commands that play a vital role for debugging,
editing and compiling the code in the environment.

 A range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega,
Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more.
 Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is
actually programmed and accepts the information in the form of code.
 The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will
ultimately generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the
controller on the board.
 The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler
where former is used for writing the required code and later is used for
compiling and uploading the code into the given Arduino Module.
 This environment supports both C and C++ languages.

Evaluat
e Follow the set up in the schematic diagram and key in the code
for this activity.
1. Open your Arduino software and carefully type in the code:

2. Be sure you have capitalized “Serial” both times, or the sketch will
not work.
3. Also, notice in the figure that the sketch uses parentheses () and
curly braces {}. Be sure to use the right ones in the right places!
4. Click the Verify button to make sure your code does not have any
typing errors.

5. Look for the“Binary sketch size” text in the message pane.
6. If it is there, your code is compiled and is ready for upload to the
Arduino.
7. If there is a list of errors, it is trying to tell you it can not compile your
code. Find the typing mistake and fix it!
8. Click the Upload button. The status line under your code will display
“Compiling sketch...,” “Uploading...,” and then “Done uploading.”

9. After the sketch is done uploading, click the Serial Monitor button.
10. If the Hello message does not display as soon as the Serial Monitor
window opens, check for the “9600 baud” setting in the lower right
corner of the monitor.
11. Use File → Save to save your sketch. Give it the name
HelloMessage.

Form a group of 5. The group will team up and
create a sketch program that would show all the
ages of each group members using Arduino IDE
Sketch in an Ascending order.

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.printIn(“ “);
Serial.printIn(“ “); //insert your ages
}
void loop(){
//put your code here to run repeatedly:
}
Answer Key:

Identify the following statements/questions in Navigating Arduino
IDE. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. This is where we write code and written in C++
_____________.
2-3. What are the two void functions in sketch?
_______________________
_______________________
4-5. Write the uses of these two void functions in sketch.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
______________________________

Safety in Using
Electronic
Components
Module 1 (Lesson 5)

Lesson 5: Safety in Using Electronic Components
Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be
 Identify safety procedures in using electronic
 Explain the importance of safety procedures while

Engage
Identify the symbols based from the
pictures.
The picture shows common safety, can
someone please identify one and what does
it mean?

Explor
e The students will prepare a short skit/ discussion
about the importance of studying safety
procedures/rules:
Group 1 -ROLE PLAYING
Group 2 -POEM
Group 3 -DEBATE
Group 4 -JINGLES

Explai
n

Elaborate
Practical activity
Prepare the area showing the safety
rules given.

Evaluate
I. Identify the symbols based on the pictures.

1. F_____________ – It means that the chemical is
capable of being set on fire and of burning quickly.
2. R_____________ – This chemical or item is producing a
powerful and dangerous form of energy.
3. P_____________ – The material contains poison.

4. G____ M______ – The person that will use the material
should use protective equipment to avoid harm.
5. B_____________ – This refers to biological substances that
pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of
humans.

II. Essay
Choose one of the safety rules given
why it is a necessary safety protocol

Provide the Safety Procedure that would be applicable on the given Scenarios:
a. You just washed your hands and you would be handling robotic parts for your
project.
b. You are currently working on your robotics project but you found some plastic
wrapper and water bottle on your work area.
c. You saw a water bottle be spilled on your work area
Additional Activities

Functions of
Electronic Circuits
Module 1 (Lesson 6)

Lesson 6: Functions of Electronic Circuits
Learning about basic electronics and creating your
own projects is a lot easier than you may think. In this
lesson, we’re going to give you a brief overview of
common electronic components and explain what their
functions are. You will then learn about the
relationship between voltage resistance and current
and how they are used to design and build
circuits. And finally, you will put this information to use
by creating your first basic circuit.

Learning Targets:
At the end of the discussion I can;
 Identify the functions of each part to the wiring connections and
 Differentiate Voltage, Resistance, and Current.

Engage
Blow the hole of a tissue roll and block the air using the palm
of the hands.
The student will blow the hole of a tissue roll and block the air
using the palm of the hands. Then observe.
1.What did you observe?
2.What is the function of your hands?
3.How does the tissue roll works?
4.How about your mouth, where will you compare its function
from your prior knowledge?

Explor
e Diagram on How Voltage – Resistance – Current
works

Explai
n VOLTAGE is the difference
in charge between two
points. CURRENT is the
rate at which charge is
flowing.
RESISTANCE is a tendency
of a material to resist
the flow of charge
(current).

Direct current voltage (DC)
Travels in a straight line and in one direction only.
Commonly produced by sources of stored energy such as batteries.
Sources of DC voltage have positive and negative terminals. Terminals establish polarity in a
circuit and polarity can be used to determine if a circuit is DC or AC.
Commonly used in battery -
powered portable equipment (autos, flashlights, cameras). Positive must be connected to
positive and negative to negative.

Alternating current voltage (AC)
Reverses direction at regular intervals.
Commonly produced by utilities via generators, where mechanical energy—rotating motion powered
by flowing water, steam, wind, or heat—is converted to electrical energy.
More common than DC voltage.
Utilities deliver AC voltage to homes and businesses where the majority of devices use AC voltage.
Some household devices, such as TVs and computers, utilize DC voltage power. They use rectifiers
(such as that chunky block in a laptop computer’s cord) to convert AC voltage and current to DC.
An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by
moving electrons in a wire.

POLARITY – It refers to the positive
(+) and negative (-) charges that
describe the current flow in an
electrical circuit.
Polarity shows the path of the current.
Negative charges pass on the
negative path and positive charges on
positive paths.

Elaborat
e
 Voltage or potential difference is the measure of
potential energy between two points in a circuit
and is commonly referred to as its ” volt drop “.
 When a voltage source is connected to a closed
loop circuit the voltage will produce a current
flowing around the circuit.
 In DC voltage sources the symbols +ve (positive)
and −ve (negative) are used to denote the polarity
of the voltage supply.
 Voltage is measured in Volts and has the
symbol V for voltage or E for electrical energy.
 Current flow is a combination of electron flow and

 Current is the continuous and uniform flow of charge around the
circuit and is measured in Amperes or Amps and has the symbol I.
 Current is Directly Proportional to Voltage ( I ∝ V )
 The effective (rms) value of an alternating current has the same
average power loss equivalent to a direct current flowing through a
resistive element.
 Resistance is the opposition to current flowing around a circuit.
 Low values of resistance imply a conductor and high values of
resistance imply an insulator.
 Current is Inversely Proportional to Resistance ( I 1/∝ R )
 Resistance is measured in Ohms and has the Greek symbol Ω or
the letter R.

Quantity Symbol Unit of
Measure
Abbreviati
on
Voltage V or E Volt V
Current I Ampere A
Resistance R Ohms Ω

Evaluat
e

Additional
Assessment
Reporting:
Students would be providing an example of an AC or DC
voltage. They will be reporting their answers and explaining
how it is considered as an AC or DC voltage.

Lesson 7: Resistors
Robots have crucial role in making our jobs easily. These robots
sometimes alter human workers especially in terms of dangerous tasks.
There are many factors considered in building a robot. It is important to
know what type of resistors you are going to use to resist current flow in
your robot. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow. A resistor color-code
served as a guide to compute the resistance based on color codes, or
find the color codes based on a resistance value in ohms.

Lesson 7: Resistors
Target Outcomes:
 Identify the color code and get the resistance

Lesson 7: Resistors

What do you think is the reason why
resistor consists of different colors?
Lesson 7: Resistors

Lesson 7: Resistors
Explore
Use the data in the table to answer the following.

Lesson 7: Resistors
Significant figure Tolerance Multiplier
Green None Brown
Brown Red Green
White Violet
Orange
Violet

Lesson 7: Resistors
Explai
n RESISTORS are electronic
components that limit the
current with some value of
resistance. Resistance blocks
the flow of electricity. The
bigger the value of resistance,
the little flow of electricity
and vice versa. They are
passive components, meaning
they only consume power (and
cannot generate it). Commonly
resistors are used to limit

Lesson 7: Resistors
How to calculate the value of resistors?
Digit, Digit, Multiplier = Color, Color x 10 Color in Ohm’s (Ω)
For example, a resistor has the following colored markings;
3 band resistor

Lesson 7: Resistors
For example, a resistor has the following colored markings
4 band resistor
Digit, Digit, Multiplier, Tolerance = Color, Color x
10 color in Ohm’s (Ω), % tolerance

Lesson 7: Resistors
Calculate the value of resistors.

Lesson 7: Resistors
Using the resistor you colored in the first activity, calculate the
value of resistance.

Lesson 7: Resistors
Elaborate
What is the importance of resistors in
robotics?

Lesson 7: Resistors
Evaluate
Answer the following questions.
1. What is a resistor?-
2. What is the use of a resistor in a
circuit?-
3. What is the relationship of the
resistor to the flow of energy?

Lesson 7: Resistors
Additional
Assessment
Create a model with 8 resistors and their
significant values on 1/8 illustration board.
Materials needed: 1/8 illustration board,
Resistors, Glue Gun, Permanent Marker

Lesson 7: Resistors
Example:

Breadboard
Module 2 (Lesson 8)

Lesson 8: Breadboard
Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when
learning how to build circuits. In this lesson, you will learn a
little bit about what breadboards are, why they are called
breadboards, and how to use one. Once you are done you
should have a basic understanding of how breadboards work
and be able to build a basic circuit on a breadboard.

Target Outcomes:
 Name and identify the parts of a breadboard.
Explain the use of a breadboard.

Are you familiar with this one?
What do you call this?
What is its use?

Explor
e
BREADBOARD – is used to create circuits and
connect different sensors and actuators to
the Arduino board it also refers to a
solderless breadboard.
How can you relate the function of a
breadboard to the function of an extension
cord?

Explai
n
Breadboard
A Breadboard is used to create circuits and
connect different sensors and actuators to
the Arduino board. It also refers to a
solderless breadboard.

Elaborate
What did we do in class?
Why did we do it?
What did I learn today?
How can I apply it?
What questions do I have
about it?

Evaluat
e

Draw and Provide the main parts of the Breadboard. You
would be evaluated using these criteria:
 Content – 50%
 Uniqueness -20%

Example:

Matching type: Choose the correct answer on the choices provided
________1. Power Rails
________2. Vertical Pins
________3. Trench
________4. Prototyping
________5. Terminal Strip
A. Serial connection from A1,B1,C1,D1,E1
B. Serial connection from Positive and Negative 1-30
C. Process of testing an idea by preliminary Model
D. Allows you to insert a wire or leg of a component
E. Used to connect circuits and different sensors
F. Used to separate connection on the Breadboard

Circuits and LED
Module 2 (Lesson 9)

Lesson 9: Circuits and LED
In this lesson students perform experiments using two different
types of circuit arrangements: series and parallel circuits.
Students compare a set up of series and parallel bulbs, make
predictions about how the circuit will function, record results,
and discuss the circuits as a group.

Target Outcomes:
 Name and identify the parts of a circuit connection and LED.
 Explain the use of a circuit connection and LED.
 Perform wiring connections with a breadboard and LED.D. Learning
Resources

Materials
Two set-ups for each group of students, each consisting of: o
6 pieces of bell wire (6"each) with ends stripped
Battery holder
Socket
Three or more 1.5 volt bulbs o Size D batteries

Explore
You are the engineer! You
need to design a system
where one switch can turn
on multiple lights! An
example might be a string
of holiday lights. Now,
construct both a series
circuit and a parallel
circuit using the
batteries, wires, and bulbs
provided to you. Your

Draw your own diagram below that illustrates how your
Parallel Circuit will look:

Explain

Elaborat
e After you have constructed both a series and
parallel bulb circuit, make some predictions on the
following as a group:
1. Do you think holiday lights are an example of
parallel or series bulbs in a circuit? Explain.
2. Do you think the bulbs in the parallel circuit or
the series circuit will burn brighter? Explain.
3. If you remove a bulb in your parallel circuit,
with the other bulb(s) still light? Explain.
4. If you remove a bulb in your series circuit, with
the other bulb(s) still light? Explain.

Evaluat
e I. Draw the electronic symbols of the following
circuit components.
1. Light Emitting Diode
2. Resistor
3. Alternating Current
4. Direct Current (Battery)
5. Diode
II. Explain the use of (6-10) Breadboard, (11-15)
Circuit connections, and (16-20) LED. Use a
separate sheet of paper to answer.

Paper Circuit:
The students will be forming a group of 3.They will be creating a greeting
card with LED lights. By recreating the 3 different kinds of circuits. You will be
valuated on the following:
Materials: Wires, battery, LED light, Resistors, Cardboard, Glue Gun
 Content – 50%
 Uniqueness -20%

Example:

Additional Assessment:
Draw and provide the functions of the following diagram.
1. Series Circuit (5pts.)
2. Parallel Circuit (5pts.)

Answer key:
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Series Circuit - is an electrical connection that is connected along a single path where current
flows in the same direction.
Parallel Circuit – is an electrical connection that has two or more current flow in which the loads
are parallel to each other.

Project: Basic
Connection with LED
and Resistor
Module 2(Lesson 10)

Lesson 10: Project: Basic Connection with LED and
Resistor
In this lesson, we will build few simple LED Circuits. Nowadays,
people are investing more in LEDs due to their energy efficiency.
Home lighting, office lighting, Automobile lighting, Street lighting etc.
are all being implemented using LED. In this lesson, students will
know how to use an Arduino and to control LEDs. This is
a pretty simple project, but you will learn how to do it early on
because lots of other sensors and modules are programmed the
exact same way.

Resistor
Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Build and key in the code based on the circuit
diagram.

Resistor
The student will identify and describe the function of the
following:

Resistor

Resistor
Explore
What is the importance of traffic lights?

Resistor
What is the connection of
traffic lights in Robotics?
Are they considered Robots?

Resistor
1.Given the 1kΩ resistance value, describe the brightness
level of the LED.
2. What happened when you changed the resistance value to
520Ω?
Remember: The higher the resistance value, the lower energy
that will flow and vice versa. Thus, if we change the
resistance value from 1kΩ to 520Ω, the LED will become
brighter.

Resistor
Important Note!
While LEDs will not work when placed backwards,
you don't have to worry about whether it will be
damaged: as long as there is a series resistor of
at least 100 ohms next to it, the LED will
survive the experience!
However, using an LED without a series resistor
is a sure-fire way to kill it! (You'll see a
bright flash and it may turn dark)
Always use a resistor! A 1.0K ohm is a good place
to start. We'll cover how to figure out the best

Resistor
Elaborate
Color mixing
Now that you have red, green and blue light, you can
start having fun with color mixing. Color mixing is the
neat ability that our eyes have to combine different
light colors and create a new color

Resistor
Make a color changing
light!

Resistor
Evaluate

Resistor
Additional Activity (Group)
Create a LED Lantern using basic connections with LED and
Your project will be graded by the following criteria:
 Uniqueness – 30%
 Time efficient –
20%
Materials: Tin Cans, Old Jars or Paper Bag, Nail, Hammer,
Scissors, Arduino Uno, Wires, LED light, Resistor

Resistor
Example
:

Constructive Response:
Answer the following questions about LED LANTERNS.
1. What are the basic connections used in LED lantern?
Draw and explain your answer. (5PTS.)

ANSWER KEYS:
PUT YOUR EXPLANATION HERE:
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
_______.

Control Structures
Module 2 (Lesson 11)

Lesson 11:Control Structures
One of the functions of computer programming is
for communication between humans and computers or
machines. Programming is a key skill to develop for working in
robotics. Conditional statement allows performing different
computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-
specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false. There are
different conditional statements that can be used based on its
structure. Differentiating these conditional statements make us
control a robot smoothly.

Target Outcomes:
be able to:
 Differentiate controls based on its structure

List down the use of programming in
robotics.

Explore
Analyze each statement below then answer the following
questions.
If you are 18 years old and above then, you are qualified to
vote while if not, you are not qualified to vote for the
senatorial election.
1. What was the statement tells you?
2. Is there any conditions given for every age? What is it?
3. 18 years old and above can vote. True or false
4. What are we trying to find out in this sentence?
5. Don’t you think robots can do also the same thing?
Recognizing things that might be true or false? Controlling

Explain
Conditional Control Structure
-The function of conditional control
structures is to make conditions or
expression that “evaluate to either true
or false. They are mostly used to
determine program flow through
if statements and while loops.

1. if CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
It executes any statement inside the brackets { } if the conditional
statement is true. If false, the program skips over the statement.

2. else CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
An if statement can have an else clause which handles what should be done
if the if statement is not true.

3. while LOOP STATEMENT
A while statement is just like an if statement except it continues to repeat
a block of code (a block of code is what is within the curly braces) as long
as the condition is true.

4. If...else if CONDITIONAL STATEMENT

5. for LOOP STATEMENT
It is most useful when you want something to happen a couple of times.

Complete the chart below. Describe each conditional
control structures.
CONDITIONAL
CONTROL
STRUCTURE
IF
Conditional
Statement
Else
Conditional
Statement
While Loop
Statement
IF...else if
Conditional
Statement

Elaborate
Using the same groupings, ask
representatives from each group to
pick a paper inside a box then cite
some example of conditional control
structure assigned to them.

Evaluate
Identify the control based on its structure.

Create a program that will show if the user input is a
number using if-else statements in Arduino IDE. The program
would show if the number is received or it is not a number

Sample
Code:
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
char rx_byte = 0;
void loop() {
if (Serial.available() > 0) { //
is a character available?
rx_byte = Serial.read(); /
/ get the character
// check if a number was
received
if ((rx_byte >= '0') &&
(rx_byte <= '9')) {
Serial.print("Number
received: ");
Serial.println(rx_byte);
}
else {
Serial.println("Not a
number.");
}
} // end: if (Serial.available()
> 0)
}

IDENTIFICATION:
Identify following control structures. Write your answer on the space
provided.
________1. It continues to repeat a block of code as long as the condition is
true.
________2. It is the most useful when you want something to happen a
couple of times.
________3. It handles what should be done if the statement is not true.
________4. It executes any statement inside the brackets, if false the
program skips over the statement.
________5. It makes conditions or expressions that evaluate to either true or
false.

Serial Monitor

Lesson 12:Serial Monitor
Today, robots are everywhere. It has essential role in making our lives
more convenient. Robots replaced some people working on
dangerous tasks. These robots receive commands from the
programmers to do a certain task using computers and a software.
Communication between robots and humans is important. Robots
cannot understand the language we are using that is why
programming languages are developed. These source codes
(commands) are converted into machine codes that can only
understand by the computers. Serial Monitor is used for
communication between the Arduino board and a computer or other
devices. Its job is to allow you to both send messages from your
computer to an Arduino board (over USB) and also to
receive messages from the Arduino.

Target Outcomes:
be able to:
 Define what a serial monitor is.
 Key in the codes on the serial monitor

How do you transfer your commands using computers to your robo

SERIAL MONITOR
is used for communication
between the Arduino board and a
computer or other devices.

OPENING UP THE SERIAL MONITOR
After you have uploaded the sketch onto your Arduino, click on the
rightmost button on the toolbar in the Arduino IDE. The button is
encircled below.

The Serial Monitor is a separate pop-up window that acts as a
separate terminal that communicates by receiving and sending
Serial Data. See the icon on the far right of the image
above.
Serial Data is sent over a single wire (but usually travels
over USB) and consists of a series of 1’s and 0’s sent over
the wire. Data can be sent in both directions (in our case on
two wires).
 The Serial Monitor Window will open
 This window is called the Serial Monitor and
it is part of the Arduino IDE software. Its
job is to allow you to both send messages
from your computer to an Arduino board (over
USB) and also to receive messages from the
Arduino.

Complete the diagram below.
Serial
Monitor

Elaborate
Discuss the steps on transferring of data or commands from
computer to arduino robot using flowchart.
Conect usb port from
computer to arduino
robot
Encode commands that
you want for your robot
Upload sketch to arduino
Click serial monitor
a window will pop up and
shows message about
commands that we can
send to arduino robot
write commands to the
text window and send it
to arduino
the transferred
commands will be
processed and sent to
arduino

Evaluate
Directions: Answer the following
questions on the space provided.
1. What is a serial monitor?
2. What is the importance of a serial
monitor?

Directions: Follow the set up in the schematic diagram and key in the
code for this activity.

PROCEDURE
1. You will be given a set of
materials.
2. Key in the codes on
the Arduino IDE.
3. Run the program using serial
monitor.
4. Type the following character on
the input tab using printIn and
without printIn.

Form a group with 4 members. With your group
members, create a program using the Serial Mo
to display your names 0 to 7 and entering X t
on Arduino IDE.

Sample Code:
void setup()
{
pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
updateShiftRegister();
Serial.begin(9600);
while (! Serial); // Wait
until Serial is ready
Serial.println("Enter LED
number 0 to 7 or press ‘X’
to clear");
}
void loop()
{
if (Serial.available())
{
char ch =
Serial.read();
if (ch >= '0' && ch <=
'7')
{
int led = ch - '0';
bitSet(leds, led);
Serial.print("Turned on
LED ");
Serial.println(led);
}
if (ch == 'x')
{
leds = 0;
Serial.println("Cleared");
}
}
}

Types of Switches

Lesson 13:Types of Switches
Humans can be able to do their jobs because of energy just
like robots. Unlike humans who get this energy from the food,
robots gain energy from its power supply. Humans will stop
working when they get tired, robots are not. Robots have a
switch that is very important in allowing and stopping it from
working. This part of robots connects and breaks the flow of
electricity. Electronic switches are used to perform all logical
functions.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Identify the different types of switches.
 Explain the use of a switch in a circuit.
 Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit with switch.

Explore
What is the purpose of switch in your
circuit?

Explain
A SWITCH is an electrical device having two states, on or
off (open or close): zero impedance when closed and
infinite impedance when open.

Enumerate the different types of switch by using the
images below.

Types of Switch
1. PUSH BUTTON/TACT SWITCH reacts to user interaction with the
button or switch when it makes contact with the control panel
beneath.
2. A SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW SWITCH (SPST) is a basic ON and
OFF switch consisting of one input contact and one output contact.
3. A SINGLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (SPDT) is a switch that
has three terminals, one is input contact and the remaining two are
output contacts.
4. A DOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (DPDT) is a dual ON/OFF
switch consisting of two ON positions. It has six terminals: two are
input contacts and the remaining four are the output contacts.
5. TOGGLE SWITCH is manually actuated (or pushed up or down) by a
mechanical handle, lever or rocking mechanism. These are commonly
used as light control switches.

Elaborate
Toggle switch is used as a light
control switch
SPST is a basic ON and OFF switch
consisting of one input contact and one
output contact.

Evaluate
What is the first picture? ________how about the 2nd?
_______
What is the purpose of the heart in the body?
What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit
connection ?
What do you think is the relationship between the two
or their similarities?

Create a model with 5 type of switches and provide their
uses on 1/8 illustration board.
Materials needed: 1/8 illustration board, 5 switches, Glue
Gun, Permanent Marker

Example:

IDENTIFICATION:
Identify the following types of switches. Write your answer on the space
provided.
__________1. Reacts to user interaction with the button or switch when it
makes contact with the control panel beneath.
__________2. Is a basic ON and OFF switch consisting of one input contact and
one output contact.
__________3. Is a switch that has three terminals, one is input contact and the
remaining two are output contacts.
__________4. Is a dual ON/OFF switch consisting of two ON positions. It has
six terminals: two are input contacts and the remaining four are output contacts.
__________5. Is manually actuated, by mechanical handle, lever or rocking
mechanism.

Project: Working
with Push-Button
Switch

Lesson14: Project: Working with Push-Button Switch
Humans can be able to do their jobs because of energy just like
robots. Unlike humans who get this energy from the food, robots
gain energy from its power supply. Humans will stop working
when they get tired, robots are not. Robots have a switch that is
very important in allowing and stopping it from working. This
part of robots connects and breaks the flow of
electricity. Electronic switches are used to perform all logical
functions.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Define what a potentiometer is.
 Differentiate the two types of potentiometer.

Class will be grouped with four
members. The teacher will
assign the learners with
different roles.
 Humanoid
 Programmers (two learners)
 Human (who control a robot)

Procedure:
The programmers will assign push buttons of the humanoid.
Example:
Left hand button – the humanoid will raise his right arm
Right hand button – the humanoid will raise his left arm
Chin button – humanoid’s head will turn down
Head button – humanoid’s head will turn up
Left shoulder button – humanoid will turn to the left
Right shoulder button – humanoid will turn to the right
Right ear button – the humanoid will turn on
Left ear button – humanoid will turn off
A member who was assigned to be a human will test if the robot
functions well by presenting it to the class.

Explore
Follow these procedures:
1. All same colors should
form a group. Pairs should
be with each other.
2. Form a big circle by
holding each other’s hands.
Turn around 2 times then
yell the group color.
The first group to finish
the activity will be the
winner.

Explain
Push-button switch, used with serial input
An if-statement allows you to choose
between two discrete options, TRUE or
FALSE. When there are more than two
options, you can use multiple if-
statements, or you can use the switch
statement. Switch allows you to choose
between several discrete options.

Elaborate
Example:
Flashlight. The switch is connected
to a wire that allows the flow of
electricity from battery to its
light causing it to turn on.
Draw some examples of a machine that consists of
switches. Identify its use to a machine and how
does it connects with the other parts of a
circuit.

Evaluate

Create a circuit that would have 3 led
lights with 1 corresponding switch. If the
switch is pushed the corresponding LEDs
would light up .
Materials: Arduino Uno, Wires, 3 Led Light, 1
switch, resistors, breadboard

Sample Circuit

Sample Code found on this link:
https://www.aranacorp.com/en/control-3-
leds-with-arduino-and-one-pushbutton/

CONSTRUCTIVE RESPONSE
Answer the questions based on your last project. Write your
answer on the space provided.
1.What are the materials used in your last project? (3pts.)
2.What type of circuit does your project falls under? Elaborate
your answer. (3pts.)

Potentiometer

Lesson15: Potentiometer
Robots can be able to do its jobs because of energy came from
its power supply. This power supply delivered right amount of
voltage needed by robots to move. Without a power supply,
robots will not function. The voltage came from the power
supply can be divided by potentiometer. This device is
powerful in dividing amount of voltages that flows in the electric
circuit. The potentiometer is used in radio and television (TV)
receiver for volume control, tone control and linearity control
and even in robots too.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Identify the correct connection of a switch.
 Demonstrate the proper wiring in connecting the
circuit to switch

Use the following words to complete the sentences
below.
1._____________ is an electromotive force or potential
difference expressed in volts.
2.________________ potentiometers produce a resistance
output that varies according to the position of a
slider or wiper.
3.____________________________ an instrument for
measuring an electromotive force by balancing it
against the potential difference produced by passing
a known current through a known variable resistance.
4.______________________ is the most common
potentiometer.

Decode the following sentences using the clues given
below.
POTENTIOMETER is an instrument that can .
It is a 3 terminal with or contact that forms an
adjustable .

Explain
A POTENTIOMETER is a three-terminal
resistor with a sliding or rotating
contact that forms an adjustable voltage
divider.
POTENTIOMETER ELECTRONIC SYMBOL
It is essentially a voltage divider used
for measuring electric potential
(voltage); the component is an
implementation of the same principle,
hence its name. Potentiometers are
commonly used to control electrical
devices such as volume controls on audio

USES OF POTENTIOMETER
1. Rheostat → To use the potentiometer as a rheostat, only
two pins are used: one outside pin and the center pin.
If we have a 10kΩ potentiometer, it means that the maximum
resistance of the variable resistor is 10kΩ and the minimum
is 0Ω. This means that by changing the wiper position, you
get a value between 0Ω and 10kΩ.

USES OF POTENTIOMETER
2. Potentiometers → can be used as voltage dividers. To use
the potentiometer as a voltage divider, all the three pins
are connected. One of the outer pins is connected to the
GND, the other to VCC and the middle pin is the voltage
output.
The voltage divider is used to turn a large voltage into a
smaller one.

Types of Potentiometer
Rotary is the most common of variable resistors or
potentiometers.

Types of Potentiometer
Linear potentiometers produce a resistance output that varies
according to the displacement or position of a slider or
wiper.

Elaborate
How does potentiometer works on television? How about on
robots?

Evaluate
1. What is a potentiometer?
2. What are the two kinds of potentiometer?
3. What is the purpose of a potentiometer in
circuit?

Draw and provide the difference of each type of
potentiometer. You will be evaluated by the following criteria:
 Content – 50%
 Uniqueness -20%

Example

Project: Working
with Potentiometer

Lesson16:Project: Working with Potentiometer
Potentiometer is the device that is used to divide the amount of
voltage in the arduino breadboard. It produce continuously
variable voltage output signal which is proportional to the
physical position of the wiper along the track. The device
provides a way of adjusting electronic circuits so that the correct
outputs are obtained. It is rarely used to directly control
significant amount of power for it is also used to adjust the level
of analog signals and controls inputs for electronic circuits. In this
lesson you will learn how potentiometer works, how to use this
device correctly and how important potentiometer is.

Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students
should be able to:
 Identify the correct polarity of a
potentiometer.
 Demonstrate the proper wiring in connecting
the circuit to potentiometer.

Group the class into four. Choose one representative from each
group to use potentiometer in a sentence. The sentences should
be in sequence.
e.g.
1. Potentiometer is important in dividing potential difference that
are expressed in volts.

Explai
n
Potentiometer
When using a potentiometer, connections are made
to both ends as well as the wiper, as shown. The
position of the wiper then provides an
appropriate output signal (pin 2) which will vary
between the voltage level applied to one end of
the resistive track (pin 1) and that at the other
(pin 3).
The potentiometer is a three-wire resistive
device that acts as a voltage divider producing a
continuously variable voltage output signal which
is proportional to the physical position of the
wiper along the track.

Demonstrate the proper wiring in connecting the
circuits in potentiometer.
Materials:
potentiometer
led
battery AAA 1.5 (or another but no more than 5V)
Procedure:
Connect battery to outer pins of potentiometer and the positive
end of led (larger pin) to middle pin. Now turn the knob (or
dial) left and right.
Observe what will happen.

Elaborate
Some robots need
potentiometer just like
arduino robots. It really
helps in dividing the
amount of voltage that is
needed by the robot. If
you will be asked to
develop a robot that uses
potentiometer, how did it
look like? To what

Evaluate
Directions: Follow the set up in the schematic and key in the code
for this activity.

Create and program a circuit that would control
the brightness of a LED light using a
potentiometer.
Materials Needed: Wires, Resistor, Arduino
Uno, Breadboard, LED light, Potentiometer

Sample
Circuit

Sample Code
//Controlling led by potentiometer
const int analogPin = 0;//the analog input pin attach to
const int ledPin = 9;//the led attach to
int inputValue = 0;//variable to store the value coming from sensor
int outputValue = 0;//variable to store the output value
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);//set the serial communication baudrate as 9600
}
void loop()
{
inputValue = analogRead(analogPin);//read the value from the potentiometer
Serial.print("Input: "); //print "Input"
Serial.println(inputValue); //print inputValue
outputValue = map(inputValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); //Convert from 0-1023 proportional to
the number of a number of from 0 to 255
Serial.print("Output: "); //print "Output"
Serial.println(outputValue); //print outputValue
analogWrite(ledPin, outputValue); //turn the LED on depending on the output value
delay(1000);
}

Lesson17:Buzzer
Potentiometer is the device that is used to divide the amount of
voltage in the arduino breadboard. It produce continuously
variable voltage output signal which is proportional to the
physical position of the wiper along the track. The device
provides a way of adjusting electronic circuits so that the correct
outputs are obtained. It is rarely used to directly control
significant amount of power for it is also used to adjust the level
of analog signals and controls inputs for electronic circuits. In
this lesson you will learn how potentiometer works, how to use
this device correctly and how important potentiometer is.

Lesson17:Buzzer
Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Define what a buzzer is.
 Differentiate active and passive buzzer.

Lesson17:Buzzer

Lesson17:Buzzer
Explore
Group the class into four. Each group should have
a representative to describe what is being asked
using gesture.
Group 1 representative will describe the word
“SOUND”.
“VIBRATION”.
“SIGNAL”.

Lesson17:Buzzer
Explain
A buzzer or beeper is an audio
signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for
short).
Normally the use of buzzers
include alarm devices, timers,
and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or
keystroke and even melody
tones.

Lesson17:Buzzer
TWO KINDS OF BUZZER
An active buzzer will generate a tone using an
internal oscillator, so all that is needed is
a DC voltage. A passive buzzer requires an AC
signal to make a sound. It is like an
electromagnetic speaker, where a changing
input signal produces the sound, rather than
producing a tone automatically.
Passive buzzers do not differentiate
positive and negative polarity while active
buzzers do. There is a little similarity
between passive buzzers.

Lesson17:Buzzer
Make a diagram that shows the similarities and differences of the
two types of buzzer.

Lesson17:Buzzer
Elaborate
Cite some devices that has a buzzer. Explain how buzzer has been used in your example.
Example
Fire alarm. It is used to make road signal. It symbolize that there is a fire.

Lesson17:Buzzer
Evaluate
1. What is the use of a buzzer?
2. What are the two kinds of a buzzer?
3. What is the difference between the two
kinds?

Lesson17:Buzzer
The classroom will be divided into 2 groups,
each group will be answering the following
questions. The group with the highest point
would be the winner, the group will be
choose a representative to act as a buzzer.

Lesson17:Buzzer
1. What do you use to signal
the user in a form of Beep?

Lesson17:Buzzer
2. What type of buzzer that
uses an DC voltage?

Lesson17:Buzzer
3. What type of buzzer that
uses an AC voltage?

Lesson17:Buzzer
4. Give an example/s of
Buzzers that is currently
used at home.

Project: Working
with Different
Buzzers

Lesson18: Project: Working with Different Buzzers
A piezo buzzer is generally used to signal user in the form of
tone or beep. This type of buzzer widely used in alarm,
domestic gadgets or in embedded systems product to
provide some kind of detection or alert. Arduino robots use this
kind of buzzer. This buzzer is made up of thin metal plate that
bends and produces sound. In working with the different
buzzer, we must know that the higher the frequency, the higher
the pitch of the sound is and the lower the frequency, the lesser
the pitch of the sound is.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Explain the use of a buzzer

Guess the buzz!
Ask the students to guess what the uses of
buzzer are by playing different sound it
produced.
To answer this activity, ask the students to
complete a sentence
Buzzer is used __________________________.

Ask the students to describe the picture.

Decode the following terms.
TOY- Y + NEAR- AR =

FRENCH – NCH + QUEEN – EN + NANCY –
NA =

PULL – ULL + INTERNET – TERNET =

Explain

Watch the video tutorial about make noise with arduino using
tone.
https://programmingelectronics.com/an-easy-way-to-make-noise-
with-arduino-using-tone/
Guided Questions:
1. What is buzzer?
2. What materials do you need in making arduino produce sound?
3. How does increasing of frequency affect the tone of the buzzer?
4. How does decreasing of frequency affect the tone of the buzzer?
5. What function do you need to delay between the output function?

Elaborate
Write the functions that can be used in programming
arduino buzzer around the picture.

Evaluate

Create and program a circuit that would
represent a gameshow buzzer. Once button is
pushed, a buzzer would sound
Uno, Breadboard, LED light, Buzzer, Push
Button

Sample
Circuit

Sample Code int buzzerPin = 9;
int buttonPin = 7;
int ledPin = 6;
const int toneFreq = 523;
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState==LOW)
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
tone(buzzerPin, toneFreq);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
noTone(buzzerPin);
}
}

7-Segment Display

Lesson19: 7-Segment Display
Device like digital clock shows the actual number of time. It is
easy to read especially for those people who have blurry eyes
and those children who don’t know yet how to read an analog
clock. But what makes it display numbers? This kind of clock
uses a seven-segment display or seven-segment indicator. It is a
form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals
that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. It
consists of 8 LEDs connected in parallel that can be lit in
different combinations to display the numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, etc.). It is also widely used in digital clocks,
basic calculators and so on.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Identify the circuit diagram of a 7-segment
display.
 Explain the use of a 7-segment display

Human Numbers
The class will be grouped with ten
members. Each group will receive a number
sticker (1-10). The number signifies
their position in line.
Procedure:
Form a straight line. Hold each other’s’
hands.
As the teacher flash a number, each group
will imitate this number. (take note that
each group should not be allowed to let
go of the members’ hands.)
The first group to finish the activity

Explore
Group the class into four. Each group should
be given seven (7) hexagonal shapes. Using
these shapes, ask them to form a number that
will be flash on the screen. The first group
to finish their work should be the winner.

Explain

The position of light shown by 7-segment display are represents by
letters. In arduino code, LED lights on expressed by a number
“0”while LED lights off are expressed by a number “1”.
Identify what number is shown using 1’s
and 0’s codes.
1)0 0 0 0 0 0 1 – 0 (number 1 is done for
you)
2)0 0 0 0 1 0 0 –
3)1 0 0 1 1 1 1 –
4)1 0 0 1 1 0 0 –
5)0 0 1 0 0 1 0 –
6)0 1 0 0 0 0 0 –

Elaborate
Cite some applications of 7-segment display that we
encountered in our routine.
Example:
Digital clocks

Evaluate

Additional Activity
Identify what segment would light up
using 1’s and 0’s codes.
1)0 0 0 0 0 0 1 –
2)0 0 0 0 1 1 0 –
3)1 1 1 1 1 1 1 –
4)1 0 0 1 1 0 1 –
5)1 1 1 0 0 1 0 –
6)0 1 0 1 0 1 0 –

Project: Working
with 7-Segment
Display

Lesson 20: Project: Working with 7-Segment Display
Seven-segment display is an electronic display device for
displaying decimal numerals. It is widely used in displaying
numbers and some letters electronically. The segment (LED)
display is denoted by letters A to G and the eighth segment
called “Decimal Point”. It is denoted by DP and is used for
the display of non-integer numbers. Working with 7-Segment
Display is slightly complicated especially in terms of coding
numbers and operating in basic electronics but learning with this
device is exciting. Using seven –segment display, you can
present numbers in your programmed calculator or even in
a simple score board.

Target Outcomes:
able to:
 Learn how to display, code numbers, and operate a
segment in basic electronics.

Activity
Group the class with four members. Each members should prepare 1/8 size
illustration board.
Ask the learners to write the set of letters that denotes the LED
(segments) of the following numbers. Let each group work for each in 1
minute.

Explore
The class will be grouped into four. Make a reference table for displaying digits in 7-segment
display. Students will post their work on the board for checking.
The first digit should be done for the learners.
DIGIT A B C D E F G
0 ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Explain

Elaborate
Using the same group, ask the students to watch a short
video tutorial on how connect wires for seven segment
display. After that, ask them to make a set up for seven
segment display using arduino kit.

Evaluate

int pinA = 2;
int pinB = 3;
int pinC = 4;
int pinD = 5;
int pinE = 6;
int pinF = 7;
int pinG = 8;
void setup() {
pinMode
(pinA,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinB,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinC,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinD,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinE,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinF,OUTPUT);
pinMode
(pinG,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
//0
digitalWrite (pinA,
LOW);
digitalWrite (pinB,
//1
digitalWrite (pinA, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinB, LOW);
digitalWrite (pinC, LOW);
digitalWrite (pinD, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinE, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinF, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinG, HIGH);
delay(1000);
//2
digitalWrite (pinA, LOW);
digitalWrite (pinC, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinD, LOW);
digitalWrite (pinE, LOW);
digitalWrite (pinG, LOW);
delay(1000);
//3
delay(1000);
//4
digitalWrite (pinA, HIGH);
digitalWrite (pinF, LOW);
delay(1000);
//5
digitalWrite (pinB, HIGH);
delay(1000);
//6
digitalWrite (pinB, HIGH);
delay(1000);
//7
digitalWrite (pinG, HIGH);
delay(1000);
//8
delay(1000);
//9
delay(1000);
}

Create and program a circuit that will show a
countdown ( in Descending order) on the 7 Segment
Display
Materials Needed: Wires, Resistor, Arduino Uno,
Breadboard, 7 Segment Display

Sample
Circuit

Sample Code would be found on
this link
https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Simple-7-Segment-Countdown-Timer/

CONSTRUCTIVE RESPONSE
Answer the following questions based on the last
project.
1.What are the materials needed in 7 Segment
Display? (3pts.)
2.What are the ups and downs your group encountered
in 7 segment display? (5pts.)

Combination Project:
LED + Potentiometer

Lesson 21: Combination Project: LED + Potentiometer
Light-emitting diode or LEDs are commonly used as indicator
lights on electronic devices. LED is a semiconductor light source
that emits light when current flows. The lights emitted from LED
depend on the amount of energy flows from its power supply.
Potentiometer has a great contribution in increasing and
decreasing the amount of voltage that flows throughout
the circuit. In this lesson, you will find out how potentiometer
works in LED lights.

Target Outcomes:
should be able to:
Review and observe relationships of the
electronic materials used for the target
project.
Perform and practice safety procedures in
working with different electronic components.

Explore

Let the students watch a short video clip entitled “Arduino - Use Potentiometer
To Control LED Brightness”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBYVUTIU4FE

Elaborate
Make a unique diagram that
shows some safety
procedures in working with
different electronic
components
Handle
your
materials
with care
Wear
safety
gloves
Safety
procedures in
working with
LED lights and
potentiometer
Avoid sharp
edges that
may cut your
skin

Evaluate

int led = 9;
int potpin = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode (led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int val =
analogRead(potpin);
val = map (val, 1,
1024, 1, 255);
analogWrite (led, val);

Additional Activity
Take a photo of
yourself regarding your
reaction while
performing the activity
then write an essay
below the picture
Example:

LED + Potentiometer + Serial Monitor

Lesson 22: Combination Project: LED +
Potentiometer + Serial Monitor
In the past lesson, you already familiarized yourself on the use
of LED as a source of light and potentiometer as voltage
divider that can control the amount of light being produced.
Programmers have crucial role in giving commands to
an arduino robot. Using serial monitor, a separate pop-up
window in the arduino application for programming,
programmers can communicate with the robots by giving
commands and receiving response from it.

Target Outcomes:
should be able to:
 Review and observe relationships of the
project.
 Perform and practice safety procedures in

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1.__________ is a device that is used to divide the
amount of voltage in a circuit.
2._____ is a light source which uses semiconductors
and electroluminescence to create light.
3. – 4. There are two types of potentiometer:
______and ______.
5. ___________is a separate pop-up window that acts
as a separate terminal that communicates by receiving
and sending Serial Data.

Arrange the following steps on how to operate serial
monitor in your arduino. The first group to finish the
activity should present it in the class and be declared
as the winner.
Encode
commands that
you want for
your robot
the transferred
commands will
be processed
and sent to
arduino
Upload sketch to
arduino
Click serial
monitor
Conect usb port
from computer
to arduino robot
write commands
to the text
window and
send it to
arduino
a window will
pop up and
shows message
about
commands that
we can send to
arduino robot

Conect usb port
from computer to
arduino robot
Encode
commands that
you want for your
robot
Upload sketch to
arduino
Click serial
monitor
a window will pop
up and shows
message about
commands that
we can send to
arduino robot
write commands
to the text
window and send
it to arduino
the transferred
commands will
be processed
and sent to
arduino

Demonstrate how to combine the use of LED, potentiometer, and serial monitor
in arduino.

Using this picture diagram, relate how LED, potentiometer, and serial monitor connected to one
another.

Lesson 22: Combination Project: LED
+ Potentiometer + Serial Monitor
Evaluate

int potpin = A0;
int led = 13;
int val = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode (led, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin (9600);
}
void loop() {
val = analogRead(potpin);
Serial.println (val);
analogWrite(led, val);
delay (10);
digitalWrite (led,HIGH);
delay(val);
digitalWrite (led,LOW);
delay(val);
}

Lesson 22: Combination Project: LED
+ Potentiometer + Serial Monitor
Create and program a circuit that would allow
a potentiometer control 3 LED brightness.
Uno, Breadboard, LED lights, Potentiometer

Lesson 22: Combination Project: LED + Potentiometer +
Serial Monitor
Sample
Circuit

Lesson 22: Combination Project: LED + Potentiometer +
Serial Monitor
Sample Code
int redLED = 13; //Pin
numbers for the LEDS
int blueLED = 12;
int whiteLED = 11;
int yellowLED = 10;
int greenLED = 9;
int potent = A5; //Pin
for the Potentiometer
int potentNum = 0; //
int to keep track of the
values coming from the
Potentiometer
Serial.begin(9600);
//Begin the Serial
Monitor
pinMode(potent, INPUT);
void loop() {
// put your main code
here, to run repeatedly:
/*digitalWrite(redLED,
HIGH); //Turn all the
LEDS on
digitalWrite(blueLED,
HIGH);
digitalWrite(whiteLED,HI
GH);
digitalWrite(yellowLED,
HIGH);
digitalWrite(greenLED,
HIGH);*/
potentNum =
analogRead(potent);
// gets value from
sensor
Serial.println(potentNum
);
delay(300);
}
}
void setup() {
// put your setup code
here, to run once:
pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);
//Recognize the LEDS as
OUTPUT
pinMode(blueLED,
OUTPUT);
pinMode(whiteLED,
OUTPUT);
pinMode(yellowLED,
OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenLED,
OUTPUT);

Combination
Project: Buzzer +
Pushbutton Switch

Lesson 23: Combination Project:
Buzzer + Pushbutton Switch
Target Outcomes:
be able to:
project.

Ask the learners to make a set up out of the
following materials:
Microcontroller
Wire
Breadboard
Buzzer
Push button
Guided Questions
What is LED?
What is the potentiometer?
What happens when you combine
these three?

How a buzzer and push-button related to one
another?

int buzzer = 7;//the pin of the active buzzer
int inPin = 12; //button//
int val;
void setup( )
{
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT); //initialize the buzzer pin as an output
pinMode (inPin, INPUT); //button//
}
void loop( ){
val = digitalRead (inPin);
if (val == LOW) {
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
}else{
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
}

Create and program a circuit that when pushing a
button. A music tone would play on the Buzzer.
Materials Needed: Wires, Resistor,
Arduino Uno, Breadboard, Push Button,
Buzzer

Sample
Circuit

Sample Code
#include “pitches.h”
int melody[]={NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_A3, 0, NOTE_B3, NOTE_C4};
int buttonPin = 12;
Int noteDurations []={4,8,8,4,4,4,4,4};
void setup(){
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);}
void loop(){ //read the input pin
int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); //if the button is pressed if
(buttonState == 1){ //iterate over the notes of the melody
for (int thisNote=0; thisNote <8; thisNote++){ //to calculate the note duration, take
one second. Divided by the note type
int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations [thisNote];
tone(8, melody [thisNote], noteDuration); //to distinguish the notes, set a minimum
time between them
//the note's duration +30% seems to work well
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes); //stop the tone playing
noTone(8);
} }}

Buzzer + Pushbutton Switch + LED

Switch button is important in some machines like robots. It can
control the activity of the robots and also conserve the use of its
power supply. When it is connected to a buzzer, it will allow or
break an electric flow that makes the buzzer buzz, the same as
to LED light. In this lesson, combining these three electronic
materials allows you to make an incredible and useful device.

Target Outcomes:
should be able to:
project.

Using the same
group, ask the
learners to try to
make a set up out
of the following
materials:
Microcontroller
Wire
Breadboard
LED
Buzzer

Use this diagram to explain the connections among these three:
pushbutton, buzzer and LED.

int buzzer = 7;//the pin of the active buzzer
int PinButton1 = 12; //button//
int PinLed1 = 10; //led//
void setup()
{
pinMode(PinButton1, INPUT);
digitalWrite(PinButton1, HIGH); // turn on pull-up !!
pinMode(PinLed1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
}
void loop(){
if(digitalRead(PinButton1) == LOW){
digitalWrite(PinLed1, HIGH);
}
else{
digitalWrite(PinLed1, LOW);
// buzzer
if(digitalRead(PinButton1) == HIGH){
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay (1);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
delay (1);
}
else{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
}}

Write a reaction paper regarding the Buzzer
Push button Activity. On your reaction paper,
it would describe what you performed on the
activity and how would you rate yourself

Example
:

RoboTek Arduino Level 1.pptx

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RoboTek Arduino Level 1.pptx