INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS12345678 (1).pdf
- 2. The modern definition of a robot can be an electro- mechanical device that follows a set of instructions to carry out certain jobs, but a robot means a ‘slave’. Robots find wide applications in industries and thus are called industrial robots and in sci-fi movies as humanoids. This and the coming articles will provide an introduction to the Robotics. INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS
- 3. History of Robotics It was known that the word robotics was first used in the short story entitled “Run Around” written by science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov in 1942. In his story, he characterized robots as helpful servants of man. He also proposed the Laws of Robotics which makes it the most essential impact in the history of robotics and which most sci-fi robotics stories followed.
- 5. 1. A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher-order law. 3. A robot must protect its existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher-order law. Asimov then added a Zeroth law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
- 6. 1950s: Universal Automation (Unimate): The first digitally operated and programmable industrial robot, designed by George Devol. 1960s: Joseph Engleberger: Known as the Father of Robotics for acquiring Devol’s robot patent and founding Unimation, the first robot company to produce and market Devol’s robots. Unimate: Designed for dangerous tasks in factories, such as moving hot metal and spot welding, used by General Motors. 1980s: Growth in robotics technology led to many institutions offering robotics programs, particularly in engineering and computer science. Introduction of LEGO-based educational products in 1986.
- 7. Late 1990s: Development of robotic pets, with Sony’s AIBO (robotic dog) providing entertainment and interaction. Early 2000s: Introduction of domestic robotic technology, including the popular Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner. Development of humanoid robots like ASIMO by Honda, capable of running, walking, dancing, and interacting with humans. Today: Emerging technologies such as the internet and mobile technology are expected to drive further breakthroughs in robotics and automation.
- 8. Automation: Robots perform tasks automatically with minimal human intervention, apart from initial programming. Example: A milk packaging machine seen during childhood, which filled, sealed, and cut milk packets automatically Current State of Robotics: Despite advancements, robots are still far from matching or surpassing human capabilities. Basic Robotics: Machines designed for specific tasks. Advanced Robotics: Includes adaptive robots (respond to changing environments) and autonomous robots (make decisions independently). Robotics and Automation Overview:
- 9. Design Considerations for Robots: Function to be performed is crucial. Complexity Levels: Basic robots: Defined by limbs, actuators, sensors. Advanced robots: Include microprocessors and microcontrollers for enhanced functionality. Increasing components adds to a robot’s scope and degrees of freedom. Components and Complexity: Limbs and Actuators: Affect the robot’s range and versatility. Sensors: Provide feedback for better performance. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Enhance accuracy and effectiveness
- 10. Robots’ essential characteristics Sensing: Robots must sense their surroundings using sensors similar to human senses. Types of sensors include: Light sensors (eyes) Touch and pressure sensors (hands) Chemical sensors (nose) Hearing and sonar sensors (ears) Taste sensors (tongue) Movement: Robots need to move within their environment. Movement methods include: Rolling on wheels Walking on legs Propelling by thrusters Movement can involve the whole robot (e.g., Sojourner) or just parts (e.g., Canada Arm).
- 12. Robots’ essential characteristics Energy: Robots need a power source to operate. Energy sources can be: Solar-powered Electrically-powered Battery-powered The energy source depends on the robot's tasks. Intelligence: Robots require programming to operate intelligently. A programmer provides the robot with the necessary instructions or "smarts." The robot needs a way to receive and execute the program.
- 13. What is a robot? it is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming, and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics, and computing. In some cases, biology, medicine, and chemistry might also be involved. A study of robotics means that students are actively engaged with all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-posing problem-solving environment.
- 14. Common Tasks Assigned to Robots: Dangerous and Hazardous Tasks: Robots handle tasks too dangerous or impossible for humans, such as bomb disposal, exploring extreme environments, and working with hazardous chemicals. Example: The MAC (Mechanical Anti-terrorist Concept) bomb disposal robot in the Philippines, developed by Mapua Institute of Technology and the Philippine National Police. Repetitive Tasks: Robots perform repetitive tasks with precision and without fatigue, making them ideal for factory and manufacturing roles. Common tasks include packaging, material handling, assembly, material transfer, pick and place, and loading/unloading. High Precision Tasks: Robots perform tasks requiring high precision, such as robotic surgery. Example: The da Vinci System performs precise surgical operations through small incisions by translating a surgeon’s hand movements.
- 15. Prototypes: Definition: An early sample or model used to test a concept or process and guide the development of the final product. Differences from Final Product: Material: Prototypes may use different, less expensive materials than the final product, which might use advanced or costly materials not yet available. Process: Prototyping methods differ from mass-production methods. For instance, prototypes might use machining or stereolithography instead of injection molding. Verification: Prototypes undergo closer individual inspection and may be exempt from some quality assurance tests required for the final product. Adjustments or rework are expected during prototyping. Purpose: Prototypes help evaluate designs and enhance precision before mass production, often using materials and processes that simulate the final product as closely as possible.
- 17. PERFORMANCE TASK 01 PROTOTYPING Description Create a robotic prototype using recycled materials. Include in the prototype 5 or more sensors that are already an existing technology or something that can be developed at least within 5 to 10 years. Be ready to report and explain to the class the features that you are incorporating into the prototype. The prototype to be created at least should be beneficial in the given areas below that you need to research: 1. Agriculture 2. Education 3. Communication 4. Transportation 5. Manufacturing 6. Internet of Things