CST 20363 Session 5 Robotics
- 2. Robotics Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design machines that can help and assist humans. Robotics integrates fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information engineering, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computer engineering, control engineering, software engineering, mathematics, among others.
- 3. Automation
- 4. Motivation of Automation Intelligent Environments are aimed at improving the inhabitants’ experience and task performance • Automate functions in the home • Provide services to the inhabitants Decisions coming from the decision maker(s) in the environment have to be executed. • Decisions require actions to be performed on devices • Decisions are frequently not elementary device interactions but rather relatively complex commands • Decisions define set points or results that have to be achieved • Decisions can require entire tasks to be performed
- 5. Automation and Robotics in Intelligent Environments Control of the physical environment • Automated blinds • Thermostats and heating ducts • Automatic doors • Automatic room partitioning Personal service robots • House cleaning • Lawn mowing • Assistance to the elderly and handicapped • Office assistants • Security services
- 6. What is a Robot?
- 7. What is a Robot? Defined by Robotics Industry Association (RIA) as • a re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motion for a variety of tasks possess certain anthropomorphic characteristics • mechanical arm • sensors to respond to input • Intelligence to make decisions
- 8. A Robot is: Reprogrammable Multifunctional Sensible for environment
- 9. Requirements for Robots in Intelligent Environments Autonomy • Robots have to be capable of achieving task objectives without human input • Robots have to be able to make and execute their own decisions based on sensor information Intuitive Human-Robot Interfaces • Use of robots in smart homes can not require extensive user training • Commands to robots should be natural for inhabitants Adaptation • Robots have to be able to adjust to changes in the environment
- 11. Robotics Timeline 1206 Al-Jazari creates first programmable humanoid robots, consists of a boat with four robotic musicians 1495 Leonardo da Vinci designs mechanical knight 1738 Jacques de Vaucanson invents mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its wings, and excrete 1800s Tanaka Hisashige Karakuri toys that served tea, fired arrows, and painted 1922 Karel Capek wrote a story called Rossum’s Universal Robots, introduced the word “Rabota”(worker) 1954 George Devol developed the first programmable Robot. 1955 Denavit and Hartenberg developed the homogenous transformation matrices 1962 Unimation was formed, first industrial Robots appeared. 1973 Cincinnati Milacron introduced the T3 model robot, which became very popular in industry. 1990 Cincinnati Milacron was acquired by ABB
- 12. History of Robotics The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921. The word robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short story “Liar!“, published in May 1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. Asimov was unaware that he was coining the term; since the science and technology of electrical devices is electronics, he assumed robotics already referred to the science and technology of robots.
- 13. History of Robotics early robots (1940's - 50's) Grey Walter's "Elsie the tortoise" "Shakey" Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s. The General Electric Walking Truck the first legged vehicle with a computer-brain, by Ralph Moser at General Electric Corp. in the 1960s.
- 14. History of Robotics The first modern industrial robots were probably the "Unimates", created by George Devol and Joe Engleberger in the 1950's and 60's. Engleberger started the first robotics company, called "Unimation", and has been called the "father of robotics."
- 15. Types of Robots
- 16. Aerospace: This is a broad category. It includes all sorts of flying robots—the SmartBird robotic seagull and the Raven surveillance drone, for example but also robots that can operate in space, such as Mars rovers and NASA's Robonaut, the humanoid that flew to the International Space Station and is now back on Earth.
- 17. Consumer: Consumer robots are robots you can buy and use just for fun or to help you with tasks and chores. Examples are the robot dog Aibo, the Roomba vacuum, AI- powered robot assistants, and a growing variety of robotic toys and kits.
- 18. Disaster Response: These robots perform dangerous jobs like searching for survivors in the aftermath of an emergency. For example, after an earthquake and tsunami struck Japan in 2011, Packbots were used to inspect damage at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station.
- 19. Drones Also called unmanned aerial vehicles, drones come in different sizes and have different levels of autonomy. Examples include DJI’s popular Phantom series and Parrot’s Anafi, as well as military systems like Global Hawk, used for long-duration surveillance.
- 20. Education: This broad category is aimed at the next generation of roboticists, for use at home or in classrooms. Important use on STEAM programs. It includes hands-on programmable sets from Lego, 3D printers with lesson plans, and even teacher robots like EMYS.
- 21. Entertainment These robots are designed to evoke an emotional response and make us laugh or feel surprise or in awe. Among them are robot comedian RoboThespian, Disney’s theme park robots like Navi Shaman, and musically inclined bots like Partner.
- 22. Exoskeletons : Robotic exoskeletons can be used for physical rehabilitation and for enabling a paralyzed patient walk again. Some have industrial or military applications, by giving the wearer added mobility, endurance, or capacity to carry heavy loads.
- 23. Humanoids : This is probably the type of robot that most people think of when they think of a robot. Examples of humanoid robots include Honda’s Asimo, which has a mechanical appearance, and also androids like the Geminoid series, which are designed to look like people.
- 24. Industrial The traditional industrial robot consists of a manipulator arm designed to perform repetitive tasks. An example is the Unimate, the grandfather of all factory robots. This category includes also systems like Amazon's warehouse robots and collaborative fact
- 25. Medical : Medical and health-care robots include systems such as the da Vinci surgical robot and bionic prostheses, as well as robotic exoskeletons. A system that may fit in this category but is not a robot is Watson, the IBM question-answering supercomputer, which
- 26. Military & Security Military robots include ground systems like Endeavor Robotics' PackBot, used in Iraq and Afghanistan to scout for improvised explosive devices, and BigDog, designed to assist troops in carrying heavy gear. Security robots include autonomous mobile systems
- 27. Research : The vast majority of today’s robots are born in universities and corporate research labs. Though these robots may be able to do useful things, they’re primarily intended to help researchers do, well, research. So although some robots may fit other categories described here, they can also be called research robots.
- 28. Self-Driving Cars Many robots can drive themselves around, and an increasing number of them can now drive you around. Early autonomous vehicles include the ones built for DARPA’s autonomous-vehicle competitions and also Google’s pioneering self-driving Toyota Prius, later spun out to form Waymo.
- 29. Telepresence : Telepresence robots allow you to be present at a place without actually going there. You log on to a robot avatar via the internet and drive it around, seeing what it sees, and talking with people. Workers can use it to collaborate with colleagues at a distant office, and doctors can use it to check on patients.
- 30. Underwater : The favorite place for these robots is in the water. They consist of deep-sea submersibles like Aquanaut, diving humanoids like Ocean One, and bio-inspired systems like the ACM-R5H snakebot.
- 32. Purpose of Robotics: Exploration People are interested in places that are sometimes full of danger, like outer space, or the deep ocean. But when they can not go there themselves, they make robots that can go there. The robots are able to carry cameras and other instruments so that they can collect information and send it back to their human operators
- 33. Purpose of Robotics: Industry When doing a job, robots can do many things faster than humans. Robots do not need to be paid, eat, drink, or go to the bathroom like people. They can do repetative work that is absolutely boring to people and they will not stop, slow down, or fall to sleep like a human.
- 34. Purpose of Robotics: Medicine Sometimes when operating, doctors have to use a robot instead. A human would not be able to make a hole exactly one 100th of a inch wide and long. When making medicines, robots can do the job much faster and more accurately than a human can. Also, a robot can be more delicate than a human. Some doctors and engineers are also developing prosthetic (bionic) limbs that use robotic mechanisms.
- 35. Purpose of Robotics: Military and Police Police need certain types of robots for bomb-disposal and for bringing video cameras and microphones into dangerous areas, where a human policeman might get hurt or killed. The military also uses robots for (1) locating and destroying mines on land and in water, (2) entering enemy bases to gather information, and (3) spying on enemy troops.
- 36. Purpose of Robotics: Toys The new robot technology is making interesting types of toys that children will like to play with. One is the "LEGO MINDSTORMS" robot construction kit. These kits, which were developed by the LEGO company with M.I.T. scientists, let kids create and program their own robots. Another is "Aibo" - Sony Corporation's robotic dog.
- 37. Copyright