Robotics

CONTENTS
 Introduction to ROBOTICS
 What is a Robot?
 Need of Robotics
 History of Robotics
 Laws of Robotics
 Components of Robots
 Types of Robots
 Applications of Robotics
 World’s first Humanoid Robot
 India’s achievement in Robotics
 Advantages of Robotics
 Disadvantages of Robotics
 Future Prospects

INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS
•
Robotics is science of designing
or building an application of
robots. Simply ,Robotics may be
defined as “The Study of
Robots”. The aim of robotics is
to design an efficient robot.

WHAT IS A ROBOT ?
A robot is a re-programmable,
multifunctional autonomous machine
capable of sensing its environment,
carrying out computations to make
decisions, and performing actions in the
real world.
It is designed to replace human in
hazardous work.

NEED OF ROBOTICS
Robotics is needed because:
Speed
 Can work in hazardous/dangerous
temperature
 Can do repetitive tasks
Can do work with accuracy

HISTORY OF ROBOTICS
• 1920: The word robot was introduced to
the public by Czech writer Karel Capek
in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal
Robots).
• 1940: The word "robotics", used to
describe this field of study, was coined
accidentally by the Russian –born ,
American scientist and science fiction
writer, Isaac Asimov

1961:
THE FIRST ROBOT “UNIMATE”.

• Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a “zeroth
law”.
• Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow
humanity to come to harm.
• First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.
• Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where
such orders would conflict with a higher order law.
• Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with a higher order law.

COMPONENTS OF ROBOTS
Manipulator or Rover: Main
body of robot.
End Effecter: The part that is
connected to the last joint hand)
of a manipulator

Actuators: Muscles of the
manipulators.
Sensors: provide awareness of the
environment

5. Controller: Similar to cerebellum. It
controls and coordinates the motion of the
actuators.
6. Processor: The brain of the robot. It
calculates the motions and the velocity of the
robot’s joints, etc.
7. Software: Operating system, robotic
software.

TYPES OF ROBOTS
This classification is on the basis of Locomotion
MOBILE Robots
STATIONARY Robots
AUTONOMOUS Robots
REMOTE-CONTROLLED Robots
VIRTUAL Robot

MOBILE ROBOTS
Mobile Robots are of two types…
Rolling Robots:
Rolling Robots have wheels to move around.
They can quickly and easily search.
However they are only useful in flat areas.
Walking Robots:
Robots on legs are mostly bought in when
terrains are rocky.
Most robots have actually 4 legs, usually they
have 6 or more.

 STATIONARY ROBOTS
Robots are not only used to explore areas or imitate
human being . Most robots perform repeated tasks without
even moving an inch. These robots are mostly used in
industries.
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
Autonomous Robots are self supporting or in other
words self contained. In a way they rely on there own
brains.

REMOTE-CONTROLLED ROBOTS
A person can guide a robot by remote control.
A person can perform difficult usually dangerous
tasks without being at the spots where the tasks
are performed.
VIRTUAL ROBOTS
Virtual robots don’t exist in real life. They are
just program, building blocks of software inside a
computer.

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS
EXPLORATION
– Space Missions
– Robots in the Antarctic
– Exploring Volcanoes
– Underwater Exploration
MEDICAL SCIENCE
– Surgical assistant

INDUSTRIES
–Handling
–Assembling
–Painting
MILITARY
–Bomb disposal
– Neutralizing explosive devices

EDUCATION
– Computer programming,.
– Artificial intelligence
– Engineering design
DOMESTIC
–Grass cutting
–Pool cleaning
–Entertainment

WORLD’S FIRST HUMANOID ROBOT(AI)
Sophia is a humanoid robot that was developed by Hong Kong-based
firm, Hanson Robotics. It is one of the most beautiful examples of the AI
and Machine Learning, that is capable of enacting around 50+ facial
expressions.

INDIA’S FIRST HUMANOID ROBOT(AI)
Ranchi man Ranjit Srivastava,38, has developed Indian
version of ‘Sophia,’ named Rashmi which can speak Hindi,
Bhojpuri and Marathi along with English.

ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTICS
Going to Far away planets
Underwater and underground explorations.
Able to work 24*7 without getting bored.
Faster than humans
Accuracy and consistency
Most of them need no interference of humans

DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTICS
People may loose there job.
It needs a great supply of power
It needs maintenance to keep it running
Robots are expensive to buy.

FUTURE OF ROBOTICS
Scientists are looking further to use robots for well being
of humans.
Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come
when computers and robots are smarter than humans.
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence has researched on this problem.

Robotics

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