Gagnes levels of learning
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Robert Gagné developed an instructional theory focused on specific learning outcomes and conditions to achieve those outcomes. His theory includes nine events of instruction that are meant to support internal learning processes, such as gaining attention, informing learners of objectives, stimulating recall of prior knowledge, presenting new material, providing guidance, eliciting performance, giving feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer. While influenced by behaviorism, Gagné's theory later incorporated cognitive concepts like information processing. The nine events are a framework for teachers to deliberately structure instruction to facilitate different types of learning.
Gagnes levels of learning
- 1. 1 Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu levels of
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- 3. Robert Gagné is best known for his: Learning Outcomes Learning Conditions Nine Events of Instruction Gagné’s theories have been applied to instructional design in many other areas: Military Instructional Systems Development Flying Lots of others 3
- 4. Gagné’s theory should be classified as instructional theory - as opposed to learning theory. A learning theory consists of a set of propositions and constructs that account for how changes in human performance abilities come about. An instructional theory describes the conditions under which one can intentionally arrange for the learning of specific performance outcomes. 4
- 5. Gagné’s instructional theory tends to side with behavioristic principles (teacher-centered approach) He focuses on outcomes/behaviors that result from instruction He believes that the results of learning are measurable through testing, and that drill, practice, and immediate feedback are effective. As a result, he does have some hecklers! 5
- 6. Gagné’s theories became influenced by cognitive theorists. He proposed that the information-processing model of learning could be combined with behaviorist concepts to provide a more complete view of learning tasks (Molenda, 2002) 6
- 7. When the Events of Instruction occur, internal learning processes take place that lead to various learning outcomes. (Campos, 1999) The Events of Instruction constitute a set of communications to the student, which have the aim of aiding the learning process. Instruction consists of a set of events external to the learner designed to support the internal processes of learning. (Gagné, Briggs, & Wager, 1988) The theory outlines Nine Instructional Events and their corresponding processes. 7
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- 10. Event of Instruction 1. Gaining attention Giving learner a stimulus to ensure reception of coming instruction 2. Informing the learner of the objective Telling learner what they will be able to do for the instruction 3. Stimulating recall of prior learning Asking for recall of existing relevant knowledge Learning Process Attention Expectancy Retrieval to working memory 10
- 11. Event of Instruction 4. Presenting the stimulus Displaying the content 5. Providing learner guidance Supplying organization and relevance to enhance understanding 6. Eliciting performance Asking learners to respond, demonstrating learning Learning Process Pattern recognition; selective perception Chunking, rehearsal, encoding Retrieval, responding 11
- 12. Events of Instruction 7. Providing Feedback Giving immediate feedback on learner's performance. 8. Assessing performance Assessing and providing feedback to learners 9. Enhancing retention and transfer Providing diverse practice to generalize the capability Learning Process Reinforcement, error correction Responding, retention Retention, retrieval, generalization 12
- 13. Keep in mind that the exact form of these events is not something that can be specified in general for all lessons, but rather must be decided for each learning objective. The events of instruction must be deliberately arranged by the teacher to support learning processes. 13