Generation of computer
- 1. The fiest Electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vacuum tube technology. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logical operation and to store data.generations of computers has been divided into five accordingto the development of technologies used to processors,memories and input output units. 1st Generation computer: 1942-55 2nd Generation computer: 1955-64 3rd Generation computer 1964-75 4th Generation computer 1975-present 5th Generation computer present and beyound
- 2. 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER The first generation computer used vacuum tubes.it is the first beginning of commerical computer age is from UNIVAC ( universal automatic computer ). It was developed by two scientists MAUCHLY and ECHERT .the friest generation computers were used during 1942-1955. Example :- ENIVAC , UNIVAC-I etc Advantages : vacuum tubes were the only electronic component available during those days. These computers could calculate data in millisecond. Disadvantages : these computers were very large in size. They consumed a large amount of energy. They wrer not very reliable.
- 3. Air conditionning was required. Very slow speed used machine language only ,punch cards for input and less data store. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER :The second generation conputer used transistors.the scientists of Bell Laboratories developed transistorsin 1947.these scientists include John bardeen’,William Brattain and William Shockley.the size of computer decreased by replacing vacuum tubes with transistors. The era of miniaturization begins. Transistors are much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat. Example :- IBM11400, CDV 164 etc. Advantages:- smaller in size. Used less energy. More reliable.better speed. Used assembly language insead of machine language. Disadvantages:- Air conditioning was required. Only used special purpose.
- 4. It is costly and used punch cards were used for input. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS :- the third generation computers used the integrated circuits. JACK KILBY developed the concept of integrated circuit in 1958.A single IC chip contain thousands of transistors.these computer became samller in size,faster and more reliable and less expensive. EXAMPLE :- IBM, UNIVAC etc. Advantages :- smaller in size and more reliable. Use less energy.better speed and could calculate data in nanosecond. Good storage. Used mouse an keyboard for input. Produced less heat.and used high level language.
- 5. DISADVANTAGES :- Air conditioning was required. FOURTH GENARATION COMPUTER :- the fourth generation computers started with the invention of microprocessor.the microprocessor contains thousands of ICs.TED HOFF produced the first microprocessor in 1971 for intel.the size of modern microprocessors is usually one square inch.it contain milllions of electronic circuits. EXAMPLE :- Apple Macintosh ,IBM PC. ADvantages:- more powerful and reliable. Very small in size,lesspower consumsed and less heat generation. No air condition are required. All types of high level language is used in 4 th generation. 5 th GENERATION COMPUTERS :- Scientists are now working on the 5 th generation computers using recent enginnering advances. It is based on the technique of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.computers can understand spoken words and imitate human reasoning. Scientista are working to increase the speed of computer. They are trying to create a computer with real IQ with the help of advanced programming and technologies. The advanced and modern technologies will revolutionize the computer in future.