![Third Generation computers
(1965-1974)
The computers produced and used between 1965 and
1974 are called the third generation computers .The
third generation computers were marked by the use of
IC [Integrated Circuit] instead of a transistor .They
were smaller in size ,faster and more reliable than the
second generation computers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/generationsofcomputer-200925003510/85/Generations-of-computer-7-320.jpg)
![Fifth Generation Computer
(1991 onwards):
The first microprocessor, Intel 4004 was 4 bits
microprocessor. The major shortcoming in the earlier
generation was lack of thinking power .The fifth
generation computer system project was initiated by
Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry in
1982 .The fifth generation computers have artificial
intelligence [AI] . AI refers to the human behaviors put
in the computer.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/generationsofcomputer-200925003510/85/Generations-of-computer-11-320.jpg)
Generations of computer
- 2. Generations Of Computer Introduction Modern computers are identified by their generations. The term ‘ generation’ refers to the classification of computer systems according to their technological advancement specially a processing devices. The efficiency of each generations has increased with reduction in size and cost. Each new generation has introduced some new applications. Since the birth of first digital computer , history development of electronic computers from 1945 onwards can be divided into five generations.
- 3. First Generation Computer (1946-1958) The computers are produced and used between1946 to 1958 are called first generations computers. The first generation computers were marked by the use of vacuum tubes or valves as their chief component. The first generation computers were large in size and unreliable. They required regular maintenance due to poor technology.
- 4. Some features of the first generations of computer are: Thousands of vacuum tubes were used which produced a large amount of heat and burnt out frequently. Hence the rooms / areas in which those computers were placed, had to be properly air conditioned. They were very big in size, unreliable and slower than other generations computers. Operating system was measured in terms of millisecond. Machine language was used to program them. Their cost was very high and they were not available for commercial use.
- 5. Second Generation Computer (1959-1964) The computers produced and used between 1959 and 1964 are called the second generation computer .The second generation computers were marked by the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes .They were smaller in size and generated less heat than the first generation computers .
- 6. Some features of the second generation computers are: •Transistors were used as a memory device. •They were smaller in size than the first generation because 1000 vacuum tubes were replaced by one transistor. •Processing speed was measured in microsecond. •Heat and power consumption was lesser than the first generation computers. •Assembly language was used to program these computers. Some of the examples of the second generation computers were IBM 1401, Hewlet Packard 150II, IBM 1410, IBM 1420 etc.
- 7. Third Generation computers (1965-1974) The computers produced and used between 1965 and 1974 are called the third generation computers .The third generation computers were marked by the use of IC [Integrated Circuit] instead of a transistor .They were smaller in size ,faster and more reliable than the second generation computers.
- 8. Some features of the third generation computers are: Integrated circuits (IC) were used as a memory device. They were smaller in size and more reliable. They generated less heat and consumed less power as compared to the previous generation computers. Processing speed increased to nanosecond. They started to use a high level language. Keyboards and monitors were introduced for the first time. Magnetic disks were used as secondary storage devices. Some of the examples of the third generation computers were IBM 360, UNIVAC 1108 and HP 2100.
- 9. Fourth Generation Computers (1975-1990): The computer produced between 1975 to 1990 are called the fourth generation of computer. The fourth generations computer were marked by the use of VLSAC (Very Large Scaled Integrated circuits) technology. In this generation, computers succeeded to integrate Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) control unit (CU) and memory unit on a single chip, which is called microprocessor. As a result, computer became more powerful in capacity but smaller in size.
- 10. The features of the fourth generations of computer are: Microprocessor is the main component of the fourth generation computer. Highly accurate and totally reliable Operating speed increased beyond picoseconds and MIPS (millions of instruction per second) Massive use of magnetic and optical storage device with capacity more than 100GB The smallest computer called micro, laptop, notebook, palmtop and even smaller computer are being developed Use of advanced software and high level language(4th generation languages(4GL) Some of the examples of the fourth generation computer are apple ll, IBM 80286, IBM 80386,IBM 80486 e.t.c
- 11. Fifth Generation Computer (1991 onwards): The first microprocessor, Intel 4004 was 4 bits microprocessor. The major shortcoming in the earlier generation was lack of thinking power .The fifth generation computer system project was initiated by Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1982 .The fifth generation computers have artificial intelligence [AI] . AI refers to the human behaviors put in the computer.
- 12. Some features of the fifth generation computers are: These computers use Ultra Large Scale Integrated (ULSIC) circuits. A number of CPUs are added for better performance. Computers have artificial intelligence (AL). Large subsets of natural languages (like English, German, and Japanese) are used and they are made more user-friendly. PROLOG (Programming Logic) and Mercury are used as the fifth generation programming languages.