Getting Smart About Smart Energy
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Smart energy aims to integrate renewable energy, energy storage, electric vehicles and smart grid technologies to efficiently distribute the right energy sources at the right times. Key aspects include modernizing the transmission and distribution grid with bidirectional communication; integrating distributed energy resources like rooftop solar; developing smart metering, demand response and microgrids; and coordinating electric vehicle charging. Fully realizing the smart energy paradigm will require building out generation, distribution, storage and management infrastructure over the next 10-20 years through the combined efforts of utilities, technology companies and standards organizations.
Getting Smart About Smart Energy
- 1. Getting Smart About Smart Energy Robert D. Cormia Foothill College
- 2. Agenda – Learning Goals Smart energy paradigm What problem are we solving? Benefits of smart energy Smart grid architecture Integrating renewables EV charging infrastructure The right energy at the right time!
- 3. What is Smart Energy? Robust transmission / distribution grid ( T&D ) Omnidirectional communications AMI , DR , and energy informatics / analytics Integrating renewables EV charging networks New business models - electronomics
- 4. Smart Energy Defined Integrating key technologies Power grid / distribution Power generation (RE) Power systems & AMI Transportation systems Telecommunications (HAN) Information Technology (IT) A Smart Grid transforms the way power is delivered, consumed and accounted for. Adding intelligence throughout the newly networked grid increases reliability and power quality; improves responsiveness; increases efficiency; handles current and future demand; potentially reduces costs for the provider and consumer; and provides the communication platform for new applications ( The Smart Grid in 2010 – Green Tech Media Research )
- 5. ‘ Right Sourcing’ Energy Smart energy vs. smart grid Bringing renewables into the mix Storing energy for transient release Metering for time of use ( TOU ) transactions Demand Response ( DR ) Virtual Power ( VPP ) Smart EV charging infrastructure The right energy at the right time!
- 6. Smart Energy Paradigm Distribution Generation Storage Demand The ‘Right Energy at the Right Time’ – ‘Right Sourcing’ Generation, Distribution, and End Use of Energy
- 7. Five Key ‘Quadrants’ Electrical Generation Transmission and Distribution – T&D Energy Storage (battery, hydro, fuel cell) Electrical Load (demand / management) Management (sensors and analytics)
- 8. Generation Types Fossil – coal and natural gas Nuclear – base load Hydro – clean and affordable Wind – clean but intermittent Solar – peak shaving Geothermal – steam energy
- 9. Grid Overview (T&D) Generation Transmission Distribution High voltage / AC Substations
- 10. Grid Definitions The electric grid delivers electricity from points of generation to consumers, and the electricity delivery network functions via two primary systems : the transmission system and the distribution system . The transmission system delivers electricity from power plants to distribution substations , while the distribution system delivers electricity from distribution substations to consumers. The grid also encompasses myriads of local area networks that use distributed energy resources to serve local loads and/or to meet specific application requirements for remote power, village or district power, premium power, and critical loads protection. http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm
- 13. GHG Emissions by Source http://eia.doe.gov/
- 14. Electrical Grid Networks An electric grid is a network of synchronized power providers and consumers that are connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control centers. When most people talk about the power "grid," they're referring to the transmission system for electricity. The continental United States does not have a national grid. Instead, there are three grids: the Eastern Interconnect, the Western Interconnect and the Texas Interconnect. In Alaska and Hawaii, several smaller systems interconnect parts of each state. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/electric-grid.html
- 15. Demand (Load) Voltage drops / current demand Distribution networks Appliances plug loads EV charging ESP – Energy Service Providers Storage (systems)
- 16. Power Management Management is everything! Monitoring loads over time Using predictive analytics Storing energy for timely distribution Holding load back ( load shifting ) Coordinating load uptake ( renewables )
- 17. Why Smart Energy? Our system is ‘load driven’ One way communication Load isn’t ‘ managed ’ ‘ Right sourcing ’ energy Power grid needs to act like an intelligent system
- 18. Smart Energy and Smart Grid Right sourcing energy Microgrids (transitional link between smart grid and smart energy) Smart grid merges Internet technology and power systems mgmt / distribution Maximizing integration of renewables Matching generation with demand
- 19. Transportation Transition to EV/PHEV Load is significant Need smart charging infrastructure Connected to storage Integrated billing systems Microgrid solutions?
- 21. A plug-in hybrid or full electric EV looks like an entire house to the utility. The majority of electric vehicles will need to draw power at about the same time of day. Need to coordinate EV charging through two-way Internet communications, including transfer of ‘stored power’ EVs use half to a quarter of the BTUs per mile compared to ICE (gasoline), and GHG emissions can be significantly lower if RE is used.
- 22. Wind Power – Real Power
- 23. Why Wind is the Answer to EV One motor winds up – another unwinds 1MW of wind supports 1,000 EV cars See the math (appendix 1) Need to ‘forward store’ wind energy for later EV charging (like email distribution) Predictive analytics , grid-scale storage , collaborative EV charging networks are key
- 24. Vanadium redox flow cells Store excess power for later use!
- 25. Storage of Renewables Grid storage Local storage EV storage Batteries Flow cells Tiered storage
- 26. Smart Metering – Time of Use (TOU) This is the impetus for energy analytics Smart metering is great for the utility Bill 15 minute intervals – dynamic pricing Building must have ‘smarts ’ to respond to price signals , and manage demand (EMS) TOU can be a method to send price signals – buildings need a ‘response plan’
- 28. Smart Energy Metering Smart grid Smart metering EMS/BMS HAN automation Electrical efficiency Smart energy Home Area Networks (HAN) and residential Energy Management Systems (EMS)
- 29. AMI/EMS/BMS/HAN
- 30. Smart Energy Begins at Home!
- 31. Network Architecture Power Infrastructure Distribution network Metering network Communications systems Storage systems Wireless networks / HAN Data centers / management Building systems / BMS
- 33. Energy NOC - Data Centers http://www.enernoc.com/index.php
- 34. Internet Technologies Sensor integration Phasor networks Wireless protocols Embedded systems Grid management Integrated communication - sensor networks powered by Internet Technology
- 35. IntelliGrid™ - Smart Grid http://intelligrid.epri.com/
- 36. ZigBee Specification ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio. The technology defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs , such as Bluetooth . ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking. The ZigBee Alliance is a group of companies that maintain and publish the ZigBee standard.
- 37. Smart Grid / Micro Grid Distributed generation (localized) in micro grids and part of a larger smart grid
- 38. Smart Home Micro Grid Cornell Microgrid - Instead of relying solely on large power plants, a portion of the nation's electricity needs could be met by small generators such as ordinary reciprocating engines, microturbines, fuel cells, and photovoltaic systems. A small network of these generators, each of which typically produce no more than 500 kilowatts, would provide reliable power to anything from a postal sorting facility to a neighborhood.
- 39. Electronomics Cover design for the new book by Jesse Berst, Electronomics: How the Electricity Economy Will Create Wealth & Prosperity
- 40. Demand Response Process http://www.cpowered.com/services.php
- 41. Demand Response Virtual Power Plant (VPP) Aggregate response Sustained ‘load shed’ ~ 30 minutes Reduces peak power demand Monthly revenue and ‘per event’ http://drrc.lbl.gov/newsletter/4-07/4CERTS.html
- 43. Players Utilities (T&D) Networking giants HAN vendors Analytics firms Power systems EMS/BMS solutions Storage vendors EV charging networks
- 44. Consortia and Markets IntelliGrid GridWise alliance Smart Energy Alliance PNNL Galvin Institute ZigBee IEEE
- 45. Timeline / Deployment* 2005 – 2015 => Roof top solar 2008 – 2015 => Demand response 2009 – 2015 => Smart metering 2010 – 2015 => Residential EMS/BMS 2011 – 2016 => EV charging networks 2012 – 2017 => Microgrid prototypes (US) 2013 – 2018 => Smart grid / SCADA 2014 – 2019 => Phasor network build-out 2015 – 2020 => Grid scale storage 2010 – 2030 => Renewables, T&D, EVs *Approximate time frames for bracketing the ‘hype curve’ and building momentum
- 46. Skills & Opportunities Power systems knowledge Wireless networking Home Area Networking ( HAN ) Embedded (device) systems EMS/BMS implementation Electrical efficiency Energy informatics
- 47. A Subsystems Approach Renewable energy Distribution systems Smart energy Energy efficiency LEED / green building Electric vehicles Alternative fuels Batteries / fuel cells Urban planning GHG sequestration Smart energy Smart cities Smart citizens Smart policy
- 48. Vision the Electron Economy
- 50. Summary Smart energy is pivotal to a new energy economy – meeting resource / GHG goals Infrastructure will be complex (to build) Three tiers of smart grid rollout: Generation and transmission Distribution and storage Buildings and microgrids EMS/BMS/HAN is a great ‘services layer’
- 51. Where to Learn More DOE smart grid - http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm Global Smart Energy - http://www.globalsmartenergy.com/ Apollo Alliance - http://www.apolloalliance.org/ PG&E Pacific Energy Center- http://www.pge.com/pec/ Our Solar Power Future – http://www.sandia.gov/pv/docs/PDF/PV_Road_Map.pdf Wind Energy Report – AIWA http://www.awea.org/ EPRI IntelliGrid - http://intelligrid.epri.com/ Worldwatch Institute - http://www.worldwatch.org/