Getting Started with C++ (TCF 2014)

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Getting Started with
C++
Trenton Computer Festival
March 15, 2014
Michael P. Redlich
@mpredli
about.me/mpredli/
Sunday, March 16, 14

Who’s Mike?
• BS in CS from
• “Petrochemical Research Organization”
• Ai-Logix, Inc. (now AudioCodes)
• Amateur Computer Group of New Jersey
• Publications
• Presentations
2

Objectives (1)
• What is C++?
• Evolution of C++
• Features of C++
• Review of Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP)
3

Objectives (2)
• Getting Started with C++
• introduction to the C++ class mechanism
• how to implement C++ classes
• Live Demos (yea!)
• C++ Resources
4

What is C++?
• “...a general purpose programming language
with a bias towards systems programming that
• is a better C,
• supports data abstraction,
• supports object-oriented programming,
• supports generic programming.”
Bjarne Stroustrup Web Site, http://www.stroustrup.com/C++.html
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Evolution of C++ (1)
• Created by Bjarne Stroustrup
• AT&T Labs
• 1980 - originally named “C with
Classes”
• 1983 - redesigned and renamed to C++
• 1985 - available to the public
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Evolution of C++ (2)
• 1989 - further extensions added
• templates and exception handling
• 1998 - C++ standardized
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Features of C++
• Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP)
Language
• Pass-by-Reference
• Operator Overloading
• Generic Programming
• Exception Handling
• Namespaces
• Default Arguments
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OOP Review (1)
• Programming Paradigm
• Four (4) Main Attributes
• data encapsulation
• data abstraction
• inheritance
• polymorphism
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OOP Review (2)
• Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• user-deﬁned data type
• use of objects through functions (methods)
without knowing the internal representation
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OOP Review (3)
• Interface
• functions (methods) provided in the ADT that
allow access to data
• Implementation
• underlying data structure(s) and business logic
within the ADT
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OOP Review (4)
• Class
• Deﬁnes a model
• Declares attributes
• Declares behavior
• Is an ADT
• Object
• Is an instance of a class
• Has state
• Has behavior
• May have many unique
objects of the same class
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Advantages of OOP
• Interface can (and should) remain
unchanged when improving implementation
• Encourages modularity in application
development
• Better maintainability of code
• Code reuse
• Emphasis on what, not how
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Some C++ Keywords
• class
• new, delete
• private,
protected, public
• try, throw, catch
• friend
• explicit
• virtual
• bool
• inline
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Classes (1)
• A user-deﬁned abstract data type
• Extension of C structs
• Contain:
• constructor
• destructor
• data members and member functions (methods)
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Classes (2)
• Static/Dynamic object instantiation
• Multiple Constructors:
• Sports(void);
• Sports(char *,int,int);
• Sports(float,char *,int);
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Classes (3)
• Class scope:
• scope resolution operator(::)
• Abstract Classes
• contain at least one pure virtual member
function (C++)
• contain at least one abstract method (Java)
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Abstract Classes
• Pure virtual member function (C++)
• virtual void draw() = 0;
• Abstract method (Java)
• public abstract void draw();
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Class Inheritance
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// Sports class (partial listing)
class Sports {
private:
char *team;
int win;
public:
Sports(void);
Sports(char const *,int,int);
~Sports(void); // destructor
int getWin() const;
};
Sports::Sports(void) {
// define default constructor here...
}
Sports::Sports(const char *team,int win,int loss) {
// define primary constructor here...
}
int Sports::getWin() const {
return win;
}

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// Baseball class (partial listing)
class Baseball : public Sports {
public:
Baseball(void);
Baseball(char const *,int,int);
~Baseball(void);
};
Baseball::Baseball(void) : Sports() {
}
Baseball::Baseball(const char *team,int win,int loss) :
Sports(team,win,loss) {
}
inline Baseball::~Baseball(void) {
}

Static Instantiation
• Object creation:
• Baseball mets(“Mets”,97,65);
• Access to public member functions:
• mets.getWin(); // returns 97
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Dynamic Instantiation
• Object creation:
• Baseball *mets = new
Baseball(“Mets”,97,65);
• Access to public member functions:
• mets->getWin(); // returns 97
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Deleting Objects
Baseball mets(“Mets”,97,65);
// object deleted when out of scope
Baseball *mets = new
Baseball(“Mets”,97,65);
delete mets; // required call
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Operator new (1)
• Allocates memory on the free store (heap)
• Memory size is calculated by the compiler
• No more casting
• Automatic call to the constructor
• Used for built-in and user-deﬁned data
types
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Operator new (2)
int *var = new int; // int();
Sports *sports = new Sports();
// initializes an array of pointers
to type int
int *var = new int[10]
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Operator delete (1)
• Deallocates memory on the free store
(heap)
• Automatic call to the destructor
• Must be used according to how operator
new was used
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Operator delete (2)
int *var = new int;
delete var;
int *var = new int[10]
delete[] var;
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Inline Member
Functions (1)
• Used for short functions (≤ 5 statements)
• Purpose:
• speed
• Good candidates for inline member
functions are those that access data
members
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Inline Member
Functions (2)
• Explicit Use:
• use keyword inline in the deﬁnition of
member function
• Implicit Use:
• deﬁne the member function within its
declaration without using the keyword inline
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Live Demo!
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Popular C++
Compilers
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• Embarcadero C++ Builder XE5
• embarcadero.com/products/
cbuilder
• MicrosoftVisual C++
• microsoft.com
• Open Watcom 1.9
• openwatcom.org

Local C++ User
Groups
• ACGNJ C++ Users Group
• facilitated by Bruce Arnold
• acgnj.barnold.us
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Further Reading (1)
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• C & C++ Code Capsules
• Chuck Allison
• freshsources.com
• The C++ Programming Language
• Bjarne Stroustrup
• stroustrup.com/4th.html

Further Reading (2)
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• The Annotated C++ Reference Manual
• Margaret Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup
• stroustrup.com/arm.html
• 1997 C++ Public Review Document
• C++ ISO JTC1/SC22/WG21 Committee
• open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/open/
n2356

Upcoming Events (1)
• Trenton Computer Festival
• March 14-15, 2014
• tcf-nj.org
• Emerging Technologies for the Enterprise
• April 22-23, 2014
• phillyemergingtech.com
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Upcoming Events (2)

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Thanks!
mike@redlich.net
@mpredli
javasig.org

Getting Started with C++ (TCF 2014)

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